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題名 當前美國國際貿易政策之研究
作者 朱文章
貢獻者 顏慶章
朱文章
日期 1990
1989
上傳時間 2-May-2016 17:13:24 (UTC+8)
參考文獻 參考書目
     一、中文部分
     1.冉亮,『場外戰爭-公關與遊說』,台北:時報文化出版企業有限公司,民國七十七年。
     2.劉青雷,『衝突與妥協-美國利益團體與遊說活動』,台北:時報文化出版企業有限公司,民國七十七年。
     3.國貿局,『關稅暨貿易總協定對我國貿易之影響』,台北:經濟部國際貿易局,民國七十六年。
     4.顏慶章,『中美經貿談判有關法律問題之研究』,台北:經建會健全經社法規小組,民國七十六年。
     5.顏慶章,『揭開GATT的面紗-全球貿易的秩序與趨勢』,台北:時報文化出版企業有限公司,民國七十八年。
     二、論文.短文
     王友仁,『日相訪美意外的順利』,國際日報,民國七十九年三月十七日,第四版。
     二、外文部分:
     Books
     1.Baldwin, Robert E., The Political Economy of U.S. Import Policy, Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1985.
     2.Baldwin, Robert E., and Krueger, Anne O., ed., Structure and Evolution of Recent U.S. Trade Policy, Chicage: The University of Chicago Press, 1984.
     3.Bellon, Bertrand, and Niosi, Jorge, The Decline of the American Economy, New York: Black Rose Books, 1988.
     4.Bergsten, C. Fred, America in the World Economy, A Strategy for the 1990s, Washington, D. C.: Institute for International Economics, 1988.
     5.Boaz, David, and Crane, Edward H., ed., Beyond the Status Quo, Washington, D. C.: CATO Institure, 1985.
     6.Bradford, Colin I. Jr., and Branson, William H. ed., Trade and Structure Change in Pacific Asia, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1986.
     7.Brock, William E. and Hormats, Robert D., The Global Economy, New York : W. W. Norton & Company, 1990.
     8.Carson, Robert B., What Economists Know, An Economic Policy for the 1990s and Beyond, New York: St. Martin`s Press, 1990.
     9.Cohen, Stephen D., The Making of United States International Economic Policy, New York: Praeger, 1988.
     10.Cohen, Stephen D., The Making of United States International Economic Policy, New York: Praeger, 1977.
     11.Congressional Budget Office, The GATT Negotiation and U. S. Trade Policy, Washington, D. C.: Congressional Budget Office, 1987.
     12.Congressional Quarterly Inc., Trade US Policy Since 1945, Washington, D. C.: Congressional Quarterly Inc., 1984.
     13.Destler, I. M., American Trade Politics: System Under Stress, Washington, D. C.: Institute for International Economics, 1986.
     14.Fry, Earl H., The Foreign Policy Agenda in an Era of Economic Interdependence: The Case of the United States, Paris: World Congress of the International Political Science Association, 1986.
     15.Golt, Sidney, The GATT Negotiations 1986-90: Origins, Issues and Prospects, U. K.: British-North American Committee, 1988.
     16.Holtfrerich, Carl-Ludwig, ed., Economic and Strategic Issues in U.S. Foreign Policy, New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1989.
     17.Hudec, Robert, The GATT Legal System and World Trade Diplomacy, New York: Praeger, 1975.
     18.Hughes, Kent H., Trade, Tax and Transnations, New York: Praeger, 1979.
     19.Jackson, John, The World Trading System, Law and Policy of International Economic Relations, Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1989.
     20.Kiplinger, Austin H., and Kiplinger, Knight A., America in the Global `90s, Washington, D. C.: Kiplinger Books, 1989.
     21.Krause, Lawrece B., U.S. Economic Policy Toward the Association of South Asia Nations: Meeting the Japanese Challenge, Washington, D. C.: Brookings Institution, 1982.
     22.Lande, Stephen L., and VonGrasstek, Craig, The Trade and Tariff Act of 1984, Trade Policy in the Reagan Administration, Washington, D. C.: Lexington Books, 1986.
     23.Lavergne, Real P., The Political Economy of U.S. Tariffs, An Empirical Analysis, Toronto: Academic Press, 1983.
     24.Lenway, Stefanie Ann, The Politics of U.S. International Trade: Protection, Expansion and Escape, London: Pitman, 1985.
     25.Lieberman, Sima, The Economic and Political Roots of the New Protectionism, New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 1988.
     26.Lovett, William A., World Trade Rivalry, Washington, D. C.: Lexington Books, 1987.
     27.Nau, Henry R. ed., Domestic Trade Politics and the Uruguay Round, New York: Columbia University Press, 1989.
     28.Nieuwenhuysen, John, ed., Towards Freer Trade Among Nations, Oxford: Oxford University Press Australia, 1989.
     29.Prestowitz, Clyde V., Jr., Trade Place, How We Allowed Japan to Take the Lead, New York: Basic Book Inc, Publishers, 1988.
     30.Pugel, Thomas A., ed., Fragile Interdependence, Washington, D. C.: Lexington Books, 1986.
     31.Schott, Jeffrey, J., More Free Trade Area? Washington, D. C.: Institute for International Economics, 1989.
     32.Schwartzman, David, Economic Policy, An Agenda for the Nineties, New York: Praeger, 1990.
     33.Seidman, Laurence S., Savings for America`s Economic Future, Parables and Politics, New York: M. E. Sharpe, Inc., 1990.
     34.Taylor, Robert J., Western Massachusetts in the Revolution, Providence: Brown University Press, 1954.
     35.Vernon, Raymond, and Spar, Debora L., Beyond Globalism, New York: The Free Press, 1989.
     Articles
     1.American Institute in Taiwan, "To Montreal and Beyond American Perspectives and Proposals for the Uruguay Round," American Institute in Taiwan, 1988 pp. 1-40.
     2.Brownstein, Vivian, "A Weaker Dollar Will Help Keep the Trade Deficit Shrinking," Fortune, April 23, 1990. pp. 23-26.
     3.Hills, Carla, "Trade in the 1990s," C-SPAN January 8, 1990.
     4.______, "A Quest for Freedom and International Trade," USTR, April 2, 1990. pp. 1-10.
     5.______, "Cease Fire: Covering Trade Issues in the 1990s,"USTR, May 2, 1990. pp. 1-10
     6.______, "Textiles Trade in a Changing World," USTR, May 11, 1990. pp. 1-9.
     7.Dreyfuss, Joel, "Getting High Tech On Track," Fortune, January 1, 1990. pp. 74-77.
     8.Economist, "Better at Quibbling Than Galloping," The Economist, December 16, 1989. p. 21.
     9.____, "New Brain Wave," Economist, December 23, 1989. pp. 30-31.
     10.____, "Whatever Happened to Saving," Economist, February 3, 1990. pp. 13-14.
     11.____, "America And Japan," Economist, February 17, 1990. pp. 21-24.
     12.____, "Yes, You Are the Superpower," Economist, February 24, 1990. pp. 11-12.
     13.____, "Speak Softly and Blame Congress," Economist March 31, 1990. pp. 66-67.
     14.____, "Land of the Rising Consumer," Economist, March 31, 1990, p. 12.
     15.____, "A Helping Hand From Russia," Economist, April 7, 1990. pp. 33-34.
     16.____, "GATT Needs a Hand," Economist, April 21, 1990, pp. 15-16.
     17.____, "GATT Brief," Economist, April 21, 1990 pp. 85-86.
     18.____, "GATT Brief," Economist, April 28, 1990 pp. 80-81.
     19.____, "GATT Brief," Economist, May 5, 1990. pp. 88-89.
     20.____, "The Puppet Who Cut His Strings," Economist, April 14, 1990. pp. 33-34.
     21.____, "Detroit Under Siege," Economist, April 14, 1990. pp. 13-14.
     22.____, "Detroit`s Big Three," Economist, April 14, 1990. pp. 79-82.
     23.____, "Presiding or Leading ?" Economist, April 21, 1990. pp. 29-30.
     24.____, "Let the Dealing Begin," Economist, May 12, 1990. pp. 25-26.
     25.Feldstein, Martin S., "We Don`t Need Protectionism to Close The Trade Gap," Business Week, September 15, 1986, p. 12.
     26.______, "Social Security Can Build a National Trust," wall Street Journal, April 25, 1990, p. A14.
     27.GATT, "Proposal By the United States," GATT, April 1, 1987, MTN.GNG/NG12/W/1, pp. 1-2.
     28.__, "Communication From the United States," GATT, April 22, 1987, MTN.GNG/NG 13/W/3, pp.1-2.
     29.__, "Communication From the United States," GATT, June 23, 1987, MTN. GNG/NG 14/W/9, pp. 1-5.
     30.__, "Suggestion By the United States For Achieving the Negotiating Objective," GATT, October 20, 1988, MTN.GNG/NG 11/W/14, pp. 1-9.
     31.__, "Requests For Additional Information," GATT, April 12.1988 MTN.GNG/NG 6/T I/1, pp. 1-31.
     32.__, "Modalities For Tariff Negotiation," GATT, July 7, 1987, MTN.GNG/NG 1/W/5, pp. 1-3.
     33.__, "Natural Resource-Based Products: Two-Tier Pricing Issue," GATT, June 8, 1988, MTN.GNG/NG 3/W/13, pp. 1-5.
     34.__, "Communication From the United States," GATT, July 14, 1988, MTN.GNG/NG 2/W/14, pp. 1-52.
     35.__, "Suggestion By the United States for Achieving the Negotiating objective," GATT, October 17, 1988. MTN.GNG/NG 11/W/14/Rev. 1, pp. 1-19.
     36.__, "Mid-Tern Meeting," GATT, April 21, 1989 MTN.TNC/11, pp. 1-41.
     37.__, "Submission by the United States," GATT, June 13, 1989 MTN.GNG/NG 9/W/23, pp. 1-9.
     38.__, "Communication From the United States," GATT, October 17, 1989, MTN.GNG/W/75, pp. 1-22.
     39.__, "Submission of the United States on Comprehensive Long-Term Agricultural Reform," GATT, October 25, 1989, pp. 1-21.
     40.__, " Compliance Reports Pursuant to Paragraph 16 of Mid-Term Review Decision on Agriculture," GATT, December 7, 1989, pp. 1-4.
     41.__, " Trade Policy Review Mechanism United States of America," GATT, December 16, 1989, C/RM/G/3, pp. 1-111.
     42.__, " Communication From the United States," GATT, December 20, 1989, MTN.GNG/NG 8/W/59, pp. 1-23.
     43.__, " Statement of the United States," GATT, December 20, 1989,MTN.GNG/NG 8/W/59/Add.1 pp. 1-8
     44.__, " Elements of the Framework For Negotiations," GATT, November 22, 1989, MTN.GNG/NG 10/W/29. Pp. 1-10.
     45.__, " Natural Resource-Base Products," GATT, November 24, 1989, MTN.GNG/NG 3/W/26 pp. 1-4.
     46.__, "United States Statement on the United States/Canada Balance-of-Payments Proposal," GATT, MTN.GNG/NG 7/W/64, pp. 1-3.
     47.__, "Communication From the United States," GATT, February 5, 1990. MTN.GNG/NG 4/W/37 pp. 1-7.
     48.__, "Preshipment Inspection," GATT, January 23, 1990, MTN.GNG/NG 2/W/53 pp. 1-8.
     49.__, " Communication From the United States," GATT, March 23, 1990, MTN.GNG/NG 12/W/9, pp. 1-6.
     50.__, " Communication From the United States," GATT, January 24, 1990, MTN.GNG/NG 12/W/24, pp 1-9.
     51.Gergen, David, "Thank you, Japan," US News & World Report, April 9, 1990. P. 96.
     52.Gigot, Paul A., "Congress Locked in Darman`s Budget Trap," Wall Street Journal, February 2, 1990. P. 2.
     53.Hufbauer, Gary, "Beyond GATT," Foreign Policy, No. 77, Winter 1989-1990. Pp. 64-76.
     54.Houston Post, "Is America Fading Into Sunset?" Houston Post, March 18, 1990, p. C-3.
     55.____, "Trade Reforms," Houston Post, April 6, 1990. P. A-21.
     56.Kuhn, Susan E. "Eager to Take On the World`s Best," Fortune, April 23, 1990. pp. 71-72.
     57.Mann, Charles, "The Man With All the Answers," Atlantic, January 1990, pp. 45-62.
     58.Norton, Robert E. "Bush`s Radical Budget Plan," fortune, June 4, 1990. Pp. 137-152.
     59.Ott, Mack, "Trade Deficit Myths," Wall Street Journal, January 19, 1990. p. A 8.
     60.Petre, Peter, "Lifting America Competitiveness," Fortune, April 23, 1990. Pp. 56-66.
     61.Pine, Art, "Bush Won`t Cite Japan for Unfair Trade," Log Anglelos Times, April 28, 1990. P. A 1.
     62.Powell, Bill and Thomas, Rich, "The Trade Charade," Newsweek, March 5, 1990. pp. 24-26.
     63.______, "Taking Japan Off the Hit List," Newsweek, May 7, 1990. pp. 50-51.
     64.Rapopport Carla, "Japan`s Capital Spending Spree," Fortune, April 9, 1990. pp. 91-92.
     65.Rychnen, Mary, U.S.T.R., Washington, D.C., Telephone Interviewed on May 15, 1990.
     66.Schwartz, John, "Japan Makes a Down Payment," Newsweek, April 16, 1990. P. 63.
     67.Seib, Gerald, "Bush des Time is Ripe to Cut Deficit," Wall Street Journal, May 9, 1990. P. A 2.
     68.Smith, Lee, "Fear and Loathing to Japan," Fortune, February 26, 1990. pp. 50-60.
     69.Stewart, Thomas A., "Why Budgets Are Bad For Business," Fortune, June 4, 1990, pp. 179-190.
     70.Stout, Hilary, "Trade Deficit Shrank Sharply in February," Wall Street Journal, April 19, 1990. p. A 2.
     71.Strange, Susan, "Protectionism and World Politics," International Organization, 39, 2, Spring 1985, pp. 1-27.
     72.Truell, Peter, "U.S. Won`t Name More Unfair Traders," Wall Street Journal, April 30, 1990. p. A 3.
     73.U.S. Department of Commerce, "Uruguay Round Update," U.S. Department of Commerce, May 1988, pp. 1-5.
     74.U.S.T.R. "The President`s Trade Policy: An Update," USTR, August 13, 1986. pp. 1-7.
     75.____, "Japan-U.S. Structural Impediments Initiative, Interim Report, Executive Summary," USTR, April 5, 1990. pp. 1-6.
     76.____, " U.S. Japan Structural Impediments Initiative. Interim Report By the U.S. Delegation," USTR, April 5, 1990. pp. 1-22.
     77.____, " Section 301 Table of Cases," USTR, April 19, 1990. pp. 1-43.
     78."India Reject U.S. Pressures over Unfair Trading," U.S. Asia News, May 5, 1990. p. 4.
     79.Wessel, David, "White House Urges Business Lobbyists To Back Plan for Capital-Gains Tax Cut," Wall Street Journal, January 31, 1990. p. A 2.
     80.____, "Deficit Politics," Wall Street Journal, March 14, 1990. p. A 12.
     81.____, "House Votes Democratic Spending Plan for Fiscal `91 as `First Step` for Budget," Wall Street Journal, May 2, 1990, p. A 18.
     82.____, "Bush increases Push for Action on Budget Gap Amid Fears Rising Rates May Cripple Economy," Wall Street Journal, May 4, 1990. p. A 14.
     83.____, "Legislators Inform Bush of Readiness to Discuss Tax Increase, Spending Cuts," Wall Street Journal, May 7, 1990. p. A 3.
     84."Counting on savings," Wall Street Journal, January 19, 1990. p. A 8.
     85."Old-Time Religion," Wall Street Journal, January 31, 1990. p. A 14.
     86."The Liberal Majority," Wall Street Journal, March 26, 1990. p. A 10.
     87."Trade Talk Beats Trade Fight," Wall Street Journal, April 10, 1990. p. A 18.
     88."A Trade Deficit Primer," Wall Street Journal, April 24, 1990. p. A 16.
     89."A Game of Chicken," Wall Street Journal, May 3, 1990, p. A 16.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
外交學系
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002005194
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 顏慶章zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 朱文章zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 朱文章zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 1990en_US
dc.date (日期) 1989en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-May-2016 17:13:24 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-May-2016 17:13:24 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-May-2016 17:13:24 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) B2002005194en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/89914-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 外交學系zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 目錄
     序言………Ⅰ
     第一章 導論………1
     第一節 美國貿易政策之環境………3
     第二節 美國貿易政策之內容及意義………8
     第二章 美國國際貿易政策之回顧………14
     第一節 美國貿易政策回顧:一九三四年至一九七九年………16
     第二節 美國貿易政策回顧:一九八O年至一九八八年………25
     第三章 美國貿易政策重要決策及執行部門………33
     第一節 國會………35
     第二節 總統………39
     第三節 利益團體………46
     第四章 八O年代美國制定貿易政策環境之改變………56
     第一節 美國經濟霸權的喪失………58
     第二節 關稅暨貿易總協定(GATT)功能之式微………64
     第三節 國會與行政部門互助關係之丕變………70
     第五章 九O年代的美國國際貿易政策………85
     第一節 改善貿易逆差………88
     第二節 主導GATT烏拉圭回合談判………102
     第三節 進行雙邊談以打開外國市場………131
     結論………162
     附錄………185
     參考書目………190
zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002005194en_US
dc.title (題名) 當前美國國際貿易政策之研究zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 參考書目
     一、中文部分
     1.冉亮,『場外戰爭-公關與遊說』,台北:時報文化出版企業有限公司,民國七十七年。
     2.劉青雷,『衝突與妥協-美國利益團體與遊說活動』,台北:時報文化出版企業有限公司,民國七十七年。
     3.國貿局,『關稅暨貿易總協定對我國貿易之影響』,台北:經濟部國際貿易局,民國七十六年。
     4.顏慶章,『中美經貿談判有關法律問題之研究』,台北:經建會健全經社法規小組,民國七十六年。
     5.顏慶章,『揭開GATT的面紗-全球貿易的秩序與趨勢』,台北:時報文化出版企業有限公司,民國七十八年。
     二、論文.短文
     王友仁,『日相訪美意外的順利』,國際日報,民國七十九年三月十七日,第四版。
     二、外文部分:
     Books
     1.Baldwin, Robert E., The Political Economy of U.S. Import Policy, Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1985.
     2.Baldwin, Robert E., and Krueger, Anne O., ed., Structure and Evolution of Recent U.S. Trade Policy, Chicage: The University of Chicago Press, 1984.
     3.Bellon, Bertrand, and Niosi, Jorge, The Decline of the American Economy, New York: Black Rose Books, 1988.
     4.Bergsten, C. Fred, America in the World Economy, A Strategy for the 1990s, Washington, D. C.: Institute for International Economics, 1988.
     5.Boaz, David, and Crane, Edward H., ed., Beyond the Status Quo, Washington, D. C.: CATO Institure, 1985.
     6.Bradford, Colin I. Jr., and Branson, William H. ed., Trade and Structure Change in Pacific Asia, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1986.
     7.Brock, William E. and Hormats, Robert D., The Global Economy, New York : W. W. Norton & Company, 1990.
     8.Carson, Robert B., What Economists Know, An Economic Policy for the 1990s and Beyond, New York: St. Martin`s Press, 1990.
     9.Cohen, Stephen D., The Making of United States International Economic Policy, New York: Praeger, 1988.
     10.Cohen, Stephen D., The Making of United States International Economic Policy, New York: Praeger, 1977.
     11.Congressional Budget Office, The GATT Negotiation and U. S. Trade Policy, Washington, D. C.: Congressional Budget Office, 1987.
     12.Congressional Quarterly Inc., Trade US Policy Since 1945, Washington, D. C.: Congressional Quarterly Inc., 1984.
     13.Destler, I. M., American Trade Politics: System Under Stress, Washington, D. C.: Institute for International Economics, 1986.
     14.Fry, Earl H., The Foreign Policy Agenda in an Era of Economic Interdependence: The Case of the United States, Paris: World Congress of the International Political Science Association, 1986.
     15.Golt, Sidney, The GATT Negotiations 1986-90: Origins, Issues and Prospects, U. K.: British-North American Committee, 1988.
     16.Holtfrerich, Carl-Ludwig, ed., Economic and Strategic Issues in U.S. Foreign Policy, New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1989.
     17.Hudec, Robert, The GATT Legal System and World Trade Diplomacy, New York: Praeger, 1975.
     18.Hughes, Kent H., Trade, Tax and Transnations, New York: Praeger, 1979.
     19.Jackson, John, The World Trading System, Law and Policy of International Economic Relations, Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1989.
     20.Kiplinger, Austin H., and Kiplinger, Knight A., America in the Global `90s, Washington, D. C.: Kiplinger Books, 1989.
     21.Krause, Lawrece B., U.S. Economic Policy Toward the Association of South Asia Nations: Meeting the Japanese Challenge, Washington, D. C.: Brookings Institution, 1982.
     22.Lande, Stephen L., and VonGrasstek, Craig, The Trade and Tariff Act of 1984, Trade Policy in the Reagan Administration, Washington, D. C.: Lexington Books, 1986.
     23.Lavergne, Real P., The Political Economy of U.S. Tariffs, An Empirical Analysis, Toronto: Academic Press, 1983.
     24.Lenway, Stefanie Ann, The Politics of U.S. International Trade: Protection, Expansion and Escape, London: Pitman, 1985.
     25.Lieberman, Sima, The Economic and Political Roots of the New Protectionism, New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 1988.
     26.Lovett, William A., World Trade Rivalry, Washington, D. C.: Lexington Books, 1987.
     27.Nau, Henry R. ed., Domestic Trade Politics and the Uruguay Round, New York: Columbia University Press, 1989.
     28.Nieuwenhuysen, John, ed., Towards Freer Trade Among Nations, Oxford: Oxford University Press Australia, 1989.
     29.Prestowitz, Clyde V., Jr., Trade Place, How We Allowed Japan to Take the Lead, New York: Basic Book Inc, Publishers, 1988.
     30.Pugel, Thomas A., ed., Fragile Interdependence, Washington, D. C.: Lexington Books, 1986.
     31.Schott, Jeffrey, J., More Free Trade Area? Washington, D. C.: Institute for International Economics, 1989.
     32.Schwartzman, David, Economic Policy, An Agenda for the Nineties, New York: Praeger, 1990.
     33.Seidman, Laurence S., Savings for America`s Economic Future, Parables and Politics, New York: M. E. Sharpe, Inc., 1990.
     34.Taylor, Robert J., Western Massachusetts in the Revolution, Providence: Brown University Press, 1954.
     35.Vernon, Raymond, and Spar, Debora L., Beyond Globalism, New York: The Free Press, 1989.
     Articles
     1.American Institute in Taiwan, "To Montreal and Beyond American Perspectives and Proposals for the Uruguay Round," American Institute in Taiwan, 1988 pp. 1-40.
     2.Brownstein, Vivian, "A Weaker Dollar Will Help Keep the Trade Deficit Shrinking," Fortune, April 23, 1990. pp. 23-26.
     3.Hills, Carla, "Trade in the 1990s," C-SPAN January 8, 1990.
     4.______, "A Quest for Freedom and International Trade," USTR, April 2, 1990. pp. 1-10.
     5.______, "Cease Fire: Covering Trade Issues in the 1990s,"USTR, May 2, 1990. pp. 1-10
     6.______, "Textiles Trade in a Changing World," USTR, May 11, 1990. pp. 1-9.
     7.Dreyfuss, Joel, "Getting High Tech On Track," Fortune, January 1, 1990. pp. 74-77.
     8.Economist, "Better at Quibbling Than Galloping," The Economist, December 16, 1989. p. 21.
     9.____, "New Brain Wave," Economist, December 23, 1989. pp. 30-31.
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