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題名 立克特量表在傳播研究上之適用性初探
作者 黃明蕙
貢獻者 王石番
黃明蕙
日期 1990
1989
上傳時間 3-May-2016 14:06:00 (UTC+8)
摘要 態度研究的主要工具一立克特量表的建構有四項基本假設：一是假設每一題項具有同等量值；二是假設反應變異性不重要；三是假設所選擇的題項代表研究者所欲測量的變項；四是假設每一反應類目之間具有等距尺度的性質。
參考文獻 中文部分：
     李月華，我國報社編採工作者對新聞客觀性認知之研究國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國七十五年一月。
     李美枝，社會心理學--理論研究與應用，台北： 大洋出版社， 民國七十六年十月修定版。
     吳英璋，「測驗量表法」，社會及行為科學研究法，楊國樞、文崇一、吳聰賢、李亦園編，台北：東華書局，第十九章，頁589-623，民國七十七年十一月十一版。
     吳聰賢，「態度量表的建立」，社會及行為科學研究法，楊國樞、文崇一、吳聰賢、李亦園編，台北：東華書局，第十六章，頁463-491，民國七十七年十一月十一版。
     林照真，從新聞報導實例探討新聞客觀性之體現，國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國七十六年一月。
     卓清俊，MTV 視聽中心消費者使用動機與行為之研究一以北、高二市為例，國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國七十八年六月。
     紀效正，政府官員與記者互動關係之研究一以行政院環境保護署為例，國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國七十八年六月。
     郭生玉，心理與教育測驗，台北：精華書局，民國七十八年四版。
     楊秀娟，我國新聞從業人員專業化程度之研究一以報紙為例，國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國七十八年六月。
     蔡淑芬，電視新聞性節目觀賞者生活型態之研究，國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國七十八年七月。
     賴光臨，潘家慶，謝?春，鄺湘霞，玉石番，政令宣導與媒體效用之調查研究，行政院新聞局專題研究，民國七十三年十月。
     潘家慶，「臺灣地區民眾大眾傳播行為(l 984)」，發展中的傳播媒介，台北：帕米爾書店，頁205-246 ，民國七十六年三月。
     鄭瑞城，報紙新聞報導之正確性研究， 國科會專題研究報告， 民國七十二年五月。
     羅文輝，「客觀與新聞報導」，報學， 頁110-116，民國七十四年十二月。
     蕭蘋，環保記者專業意理及其影響因素研究，國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國七十八年六月。
     
     
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
新聞學系
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002005396
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 王石番zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 黃明蕙zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 黃明蕙zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 1990en_US
dc.date (日期) 1989en_US
dc.date.accessioned 3-May-2016 14:06:00 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 3-May-2016 14:06:00 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-May-2016 14:06:00 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) B2002005396en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/89987-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 新聞學系zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 態度研究的主要工具一立克特量表的建構有四項基本假設：一是假設每一題項具有同等量值；二是假設反應變異性不重要；三是假設所選擇的題項代表研究者所欲測量的變項；四是假設每一反應類目之間具有等距尺度的性質。zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論....................1
     第二章 文獻探討.....................7
     第一節 質疑立克特量表假設一之相關文獻..................... 9
     第二節 質疑立克特量表假設一之相關文獻..................... 11
     第三節 質疑立克特量表假設一之相關文獻..................... 23
     第四節 質疑立克特量表假設一之相關文獻..................... 24
     第五節 研究問題與研究假設..................... 28
     第三章 研究方法.....................34
     第一節 研究設計. ....................34
     第二節 第一階段之研究方法..................... 36
     3.2.1 研究設計.....................36
     3.2.2 研究對象與抽樣方法.....................38
     3.2.3 資料搜集程序.....................38
     3.2.4 資料處理與分析.....................38
     3.2.5 結果與討論.....................39
     第三節 第二階段之研究方法..................... 40
     3.3.1 研究設計. ....................40
     3.3.2 研究對象與抽樣方法..................... 41
     3.3.3 資料搜集程序..................... 42
     3.3.4 資科處理與分析.....................52
     3.3.5 結果與討論..................... 52
     第四節 第三階段之研究方法..................... 57
     3.4.1 研究設計.....................57
     3.4.2 研究對象與抽樣方法.....................57
     3.4.3 資料搜集程序.....................57
     3.4.4 資料處理與分析
     第四章 結果與討論.....................79
     第一節 立克特量表假設一之考驗.....................81
     第二節 立克特量表假設二之考驗.....................84
     4.2.1 研究問題二之驗證.....................84
     4.2.2 研究問題三之驗證.....................86
     4.2.3 研究問題四之驗證.....................94
     4.2.4 研究問題五之驗證.....................98
     4.2.5 研究問題六之驗證.....................104
     第三節 立克特量表假設三之考驗.....................110
     第四節 立克特量表假設四之考驗.....................113
     第五章 結論與建議.....................118
     第一節 結論.....................118
     第二節 建議與限制.....................124
     參考書目.....................128		zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002005396en_US
dc.title (題名) 立克特量表在傳播研究上之適用性初探zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文部分：
     李月華，我國報社編採工作者對新聞客觀性認知之研究國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國七十五年一月。
     李美枝，社會心理學--理論研究與應用，台北： 大洋出版社， 民國七十六年十月修定版。
     吳英璋，「測驗量表法」，社會及行為科學研究法，楊國樞、文崇一、吳聰賢、李亦園編，台北：東華書局，第十九章，頁589-623，民國七十七年十一月十一版。
     吳聰賢，「態度量表的建立」，社會及行為科學研究法，楊國樞、文崇一、吳聰賢、李亦園編，台北：東華書局，第十六章，頁463-491，民國七十七年十一月十一版。
     林照真，從新聞報導實例探討新聞客觀性之體現，國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國七十六年一月。
     卓清俊，MTV 視聽中心消費者使用動機與行為之研究一以北、高二市為例，國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國七十八年六月。
     紀效正，政府官員與記者互動關係之研究一以行政院環境保護署為例，國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國七十八年六月。
     郭生玉，心理與教育測驗，台北：精華書局，民國七十八年四版。
     楊秀娟，我國新聞從業人員專業化程度之研究一以報紙為例，國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國七十八年六月。
     蔡淑芬，電視新聞性節目觀賞者生活型態之研究，國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國七十八年七月。
     賴光臨，潘家慶，謝?春，鄺湘霞，玉石番，政令宣導與媒體效用之調查研究，行政院新聞局專題研究，民國七十三年十月。
     潘家慶，「臺灣地區民眾大眾傳播行為(l 984)」，發展中的傳播媒介，台北：帕米爾書店，頁205-246 ，民國七十六年三月。
     鄭瑞城，報紙新聞報導之正確性研究， 國科會專題研究報告， 民國七十二年五月。
     羅文輝，「客觀與新聞報導」，報學， 頁110-116，民國七十四年十二月。
     蕭蘋，環保記者專業意理及其影響因素研究，國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國七十八年六月。
     
     
     英文部分：
     Aiken, Lewis R. (1983)
     "Number of Response Categories and Statistics on a Teacher Rating Scale", Educational and Psychological Measurement, Vol.43, pp.397-401.
     Allport, F. H. (1935)
     "Attitudes", reprint in Readings in Attitude and Measurement, Fishbein, Martin edited, N.Y.: Jahn Wiley & Sans Inc., 1967.
     Andrich, , David. (1978)
     "Scaling Attitude Items Constructed and Scored in the Likert Tradition", Educational and Psychological Measurement, Vol. 38, pp.665-680.
     Babbie, Earl (1985)
     "Indexes, Scales, and Typologies", The Practice of Social Research, 4th edition, chap. 15, Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth Publishing Co., pp.360-385.
     Bachman, G. Jerald &. O`Maliey, M. Patrick (1984)
     "Yea-saying, Nay-saying, and Going to Extremes: Black-White Differences in Response Styles", Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 48, pp.491-509.
     Banta, Thomas J. (1961)
     "Social Attitudes and Response Styles", Educational and Psychological Measurement, Vol. xxi, No.3, pp.543-557.
     Bass, Bernard M.; Cascio, Wayne F. &. O`Connor, Edward. J.(1974)
     "Magnitude Estimations of Expressions of Frequency and Amount", Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 59, No.3, pp.313-320. ,
     Belson, William A. (1966)
     "The Effects of Reversing the Presentation Order of Verbal Rating Scales", Journal of Advertising Research, Vo1.6, pp.33-37.
     Bendig, A. W. (1954)
     "Reliability and the Number of Rating Scale Categories", The Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 3.8 , No.1, pp.38-40.
     Bishop, F. George (1987)
     "Experiments with the Middle Response Alternative in Survey Questions", Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol.51, pp.220-232.
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     "Pseudo-Opinion on Public Affairs", Public Opinion Quarterly, pp.198-209.
     Bogardus, Emory S. (1925)
     "Measuring Social Distances", reprint in Readings in Attitude and Measurement, Fishbein, Martin edited, N.Y. :John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1967, pp.71-76.
     Boyer, John H. (1981)
     "How Editors View Objectivity", Journalism Quarterly, Vol.58, No.1-2, pp.24-28.
     Cantril, Hadley (1947)
     Gauging Public Opinion, Princeton, N.J.:Princeton University Press.
     Champney, Horace & Marshall, Helen (1939)
     "Optimal Refinement of the Rating Scale", Journal of Applied Psychology, pp.323-331.
     Cranbach, Lea J. (1946)
     " Response Sets and Test Validity", Educational and Psychological Measuremrnt, VI, pp.475-494.
     -------- (1950)
     "Futher Evidence on Response Sets and Test Design", Educational and Psychological Measurement, X, pp.3-29.
     Cunningham, H. William; Cunningham, C. M. Isabella & Green,
     T. Robert (1977)
     "The Ipsative Process to Reduce Response Set Bias", Public Opinion Quarterly, pp.379-384.
     Dixon, Paul N.; Bobo, Mackie & Stevick, Richard A. (1984) "Response Differences and Preferences of All-category-defined and End-defined Likert", Educational and Psychological Measurement, pp.61-66.
     Edwards, L. Allen & Kenney, Kathryn Claire (1967)
     "A Comparison of the Thurstone and Likert Technique of Attitude Scale Construction", Attitude Theory and Measurement, Fishbein, Martin edited, N.Y. ;John Wiley & Sons Inc., pp.249-256.
     Gregoire, Timothy G. (1989)
     "Analysis of Likert-scale Data Revisited", Psychological Bulletin, Val.l05, No.1, pp.171.
     --------& Driver, B. C. (1987)
     "Analysis of Ordinal Data to Detect Population Differences", Psychological Bulletin, Vol.101, No.1, pp.l59-165.
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     Psychometric Methods, 2nd edition, N.Y. :McGraw-Hill.
     Guttman, Louis (1944)
     "A Basis for Scaling Qualitative Data", reprint in Readings in Attitude and Measurement, Fishbein, Martin edited. N.Y.:John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1967, pp.96-107.
     Hamiltion, David L. (1988)
     "Personality Attributes Associated with Extreme Response Style", Psychological Bulletin, Vol.69, No.3, pp.192-203 . .
     Hui, C. Harry & Triandis, Harry C. (1985)
     "The Instability of Response Sets", Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol.49, pp.253-280.
     --------(1989)
     "Effects of Culture and Response Format an Extreme Response Style", Journal of Cross-cultural Psychological, Vo1.20, No.3, pp.296-309.
     Jackman, Mary R. (1973)
     "Education and Prejudice or Education and Response-set?", American Sociological Review, Vol, 38, pp.327-339.
     Jacoby, Jacob & Matell, Michael S. (1971)
     "Three-point Likert Scales are Good Enough", Journal of Marketing Research, Vol.viii, -pp.495-500.(a)
     Jansen, Paul G. W. & Roskam, Edward E. (1986)
     "Latent Trait Models and Dichotomization of Graded
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     "Likert Scaling Using the Graded Response Latent Trait Model", Applied Psychological Measurement, Val. 7, No.1, pp.15-32.
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     "Number of Scale Points and the Reliability of Scales", Educational and Psychological Measurement, Vol.xxv, No.4, pp.987-995.
     Landsberger, Henry A. & Saavedra, Antonio (1970)
     "Response Set in Developing Countries", Public Opinion. Quarterly, pp.214-229.
     Likert, Rensis (1932)
     "The Method of Constructing an Attitude Scale", reprint in Attutude Theory and Measurement, Fishbein, Martin edited, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc., pp.90-95, 1967.
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     Matell, Michael S. & Jacoby, Jacob (1971)
     "Is There an Optimal Number of Alternatives for Likert Scale Items? Study I: Reliability and Validity", Educational and Psychological Measurement, pp.657-674. (b)
     -------- (1972)
     "Is There an Optimal Number of Alternatives for Likert-scale Items?--Effects of Testing Time and Scale Properties", Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.56, No.6, pp.506-509.
     Meyer, Philip (1988)
     "Defining and Measuring Credibility of Newspapers: Developing an Index", Journalism Quarterly, Vol.65, No.3-4, pp.567-574.
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     Survey Methods in Social Investigation, London: Heinentann Educational Books, 2nd edition, pp.352-365.
     Newstead, Stephen E. & Arnold, John (1989).
     "The Effect of Response Format on Ratings of Teaching", Educational and Psychological Measurement, pp.33-43.
     O`Donovan, D. (1965)
     "Rating Extremity: Pathology or Meaningfulness?", Psychological Review, pp.358-372.
     Osgood, C.E.; Suci, G.J. & Tannenbaum, P.H. (1957)
     The Measurement of Meaning, Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
     Oskamp, Stuart (I977)
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     Payne (951)
     The Art of Asking Question s, Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press.
     Petersen, Karenkay & Dutton, E. Jeffrey (1975)
     "Centrality, Extrtremity, Intensity--Neglected Variables in Research on Attitude-behavior Consistency", Social Forces, pp.393-414.
     Presser, Stanley & Schuman, Howard (1980)
     "The Measurement of a Middle Position in Attitude Surveys", Public Opinion Quarterly, pp.70-85.
     Rasmussen, Jeffrey Lee (1989)
     "Analysis of Likert-scale Data: A Reinterpretation of Gregoire and Driver", Psychological Bulletin, Vol.105,No.1, pp.167-170.
     Ray, John J. (1983)
     "Reviving the Problem of Acquiescent Response Bias", The Journal of Social Psychology, Vol.121, pp.81-96.
     -------- (1984)
     "A Futher Comment on the Winkler, Kanouse, and Ware Method of Controlling for Acquiescent Response Bias", Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.69, No.2, pp.359.
     Rorer, Leonard G. (1965)
     "The Great Response-style Myth", Psychological Bulletin,Vol.63, No.3, pp.12.9-156.
     Rosengren, Karl Erik (1980)
     "Bias in News: Methods and Concepts", Mass Communication Review Yearbook, Vol. 1, pp. 249-263.
     Roshco, Bernard (1975)
     "The Difficulty of Defining News", Newsmaking. Chicago, Ill. :The University of Chicago Press, pp.8-19.
     Rost, Jurgen (1988)
     "Measuring Attitudes with a Threshold Model Drawing on a Traditional Scaling Concept", Applied Psychological Measurement, Vol.12, No.4, pp.397-409.
     Rubin, Alan M.: Perse, Elizabeth M. & Taylor, Donald S. (1988)
     "A Methodological Examination of Cultivation", Communication Research, Val.1S, No.2, pp.l07-134.
     Schriesheim, Chester A. (1981)
     "The Effect of Grouping or Randomizing Items on Leniency Response Bias", Educational and Psychological Measurement, Vo1.41, pp.401-411.
     --------&Schriesbeim, Janet F. (1978)
     "The Invariance of Anchor Points Obtained by Magnitude Estimation and Pair-comparision Treatment of Complete Ranks Scaling Procedures: An Empirical Comparison and Implications for Validity of Measurement", Educational and Psychological Measurement, Vol.38, pp.977-983.
     --------& Novelli, Luke Jr. (1989)
     "A Ckomparative Test of the Interval-scale Properties of Magnitude Estimation and Case III Scaling and Recommendations for Equal-interval Frequency Response Anchors", Educational and Psychological Measurement, Vo1.49, pp.59-74.
     --------; Kopelman, Richard E & Solomon, Esther (1989)
     "The Effect of Grouped Versus Randomized Questionnaire Format on Scale Reliability and Validity: A Three-study Investigation", Educational and Psychological Measurement,
     Vol.49, pp.487-508.
     Schuman, Howard & Presser, Stanley (1981)
     Question and Answers in Attitude Surveys: Experiments on Question Form, Wording and Context, N.Y.: Academic Press.
     Scott, William A. (1968)
     "Attitude Measurement", The Handbook of Social Psychology, 2nd ed., Vol. II, Lindzey, Gardner & Aronson, Elliot eds., Reading, Mass. :Addison-Wesley, pp.204-273.
     Sears, David.; Freedman, Jonathan L. & Peplau, L. Anne (1985)
     "Attutudes", Social Psychology, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:Prentice-Hall, Inc., chap.6, pp.131-163.
     Solaman, Esther & Kopelman, Richard E. (1984)
     "Questionnaire Format and Scale Reliability: An examination of Three Modes of Item Presentation", Psychological Report, pp.447-452.
     Stevens, Stanley Smith (1975)
     Psychophysics: Introduction to Its Perceptual, Neural, and Social Prospects, edited by Stevens, Geraldine, N.Y.:Wiley.
     Sudman, Seymour & Bradburn, M. Norman (1983)
     Asking Questions, S. F.: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
     Symonds, Percival K. (1924)
     "On the Loss of Reliability in Ratings Due to Coarseness of the Scale" , Journal of Experimental Psychology, pp.456-461.
     Thurstone, L.L. (1928)
     "Attitude Can be Measured", reprint in Readings in Attitude and Measurement, Fishbein, Martin edited, N.Y.:John" Wiley & Sons Inc., 1967, pp.77-89.
     Wallsten , Thomas S.; Budescu, David V.; Rapoport, Amnon; Zwick, Rami & Forsyth, Barbara (1986) "Measuring the Vague Meanings of Probability Terms", Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, Vol.115, No.4, pp.348-365.
     Winkler, John D.; Kanouse, David E. & Ware, John E. Jr. (1982)
     "Controlling for Acquiescence Response Set in Scale Development", Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 67, No.5, pp.555-551.
     -------- (1984)
     "Does Acquiescence Distort Attutude Scale
     Structure: Round and Round with Ray", Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.69, No.2, pp.356-358.
     Young, V. Pauline (1966)
     Scientific Social Surveys and Research, 4th edition, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. :Prentice-Hall Inc., pp.359.		zh_TW