1. NCCU Academic Hub
  2. 學術產出
  3. College of Communication
  4. Theses
  5. Item

學術產出-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

Citation Infomation

  • No doi shows Citation Infomation
題名 議題設定效果因素之探討 : 媒介特性.人口變項.傳播行為與大眾媒介議題設定之關聯性分析---以大臺北地區為例
作者 廖淑伶
貢獻者 王石番
廖淑伶
日期 1990
1989
上傳時間 3-May-2016 14:06:19 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究為「臺灣地區大眾傳播與話題設定研究」的一部份，以大臺北地區為例，檢視議題設定模式在我國社會的適用佳，主要研究目的有三：
參考文獻 一、中文部份
     1. 王石番(民國78年)
     傳播內容分析法一一理論與驗證。臺北：幼獅書局。
     2. 李瞻，祝基瀅(民國75年)
     我國未來傳播政策之研究。行政院研究發展考核委員會專題研究報告。
     3. 李茂政(民國70年)
     臺灣地區新聞媒介話題設定功能之研究。臺北：政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
     4. 徐佳士(民國75年)
     大眾傳播理論。臺北：正中書局。
     5. 徐惠玲(民國71年)
     我國報低議題設定功能之研究。臺北：政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
     6. 胡愛玲(民國79年)
     報紙報導街頭運動新聞之分析。臺北：政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
     7. 陳世敏(民國72年)
     大眾傳播與社會變遷。臺北：三民書局。
     8. 陳一香(民國77年)
     電視爭議性新聞之消息來源特性及其處理方式與訊息導向之分析。
     臺北：政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
     9. 郭陽道(民國68年)
     新聞媒介議題設定功能之研究。臺北：政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
     10. 彭芸(民國75年)
     政治傳播一理論與實務。臺北：巨流圖書出版公司。
     11. 黃新生(民國76年)
     媒介批評。臺北：五南書局。
     12. 葉宣模(民國71年)
     經濟性專業報紙議題設定功能之研究。臺北：政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
     13. 鄭瑞城，繳文輝(民國77年)
     電視新聞消息來海人物之背景與呈現方式之研究。行政院國科會專題研究報告。
     14. 潘家慶，玉石番，謝?春(民國75年)
     臺灣地區民眾傳播行為研究。行政院國科會專題研究報告。
     15. 鍾蔚文，汪琪，沈清松(民國78年)
     台灣地區資訊化歷程與文化變遷之研究。行政院國科會專題研究報告。
     
     二、英文部份
     1 . Atwater, T., M. B. Salwen. and R. B. Anderson (1985)
     "Media Agenda-Setting with Environmental Issues."Journalism Quarterly. Vol.62:J93-397.
     2. Atwood, L. E. (1980)
     "From Press Release to Voting Reasons: Tracing the Agenda in a Congressional Campaign." Communication Yearbook,Vol.4:468-482.
     3. Becker, L. B. (1982)
     "The Mass Media and Citizen Assessment of Issues Importance: A Reflection on Agenda-Setting Research." Mass Communication Review Yearbook,Vol.3:521-536.
     4. Becker. L. B .. and K. A. Krendl(1984)
     "Local Voting Decision and the Flaw of Campaign Information." Communication Yearbook,Vol.7:612-625.
     5. Becker, L. B., C. Sobowale, and J. Casey (1979)
     "Newspaer and Television Dependencies: Effects on Evaluation of Public Affairs." Journal of Broadcasting, Vol.23(4J:465-476.
     6. Becker, L. B., D. C. Whitney (1980)
     "Effects of Media Dependencies: Audience`s Assessment of Government." Communication Research,Vol.7(l): 955-122.
     7. Benton, M.,and P. J. Frazier(1976)
     "The Agenda-Setting Function of the Mass Media at Three Levels of `Information Holding`."Communication Research, Vol.3(3J:261-274.
     8. Blumler. J. G .. and ?. Katz (1974)
     The Uses of Mass Communications. Beverly Hills,CA: Sage Publications.
     9. Bowers, T. A. (1973)
     "Newspaper Political Advertising and the AgendaSetting Function." Journalism Quarterly, Vol.50: 552-556.
     10. Carey, J. (1976)
     "How Media Shape Campaigns". Journal of Communication, Vol.26:23-27.
     11. Chaffee, S. H. (1972)
     "The Interpersonal Context of Mass Communication." In F.G.Kline & P.J.Tichenor(Eds.),Current Perspectives in Mass Communication Research. Beverly Hi11s,CA:Sage.
     12. Cohen, Bernard C. (1963)
     The Press and Foreign Policy. Princeton.NJ:Princeton University Press.
     13. Culbertson. H. C.,and Guido H. Stempel III (1984)
     "Possible Barriers to Agenda-Setting in Medical News." Newspaper Review Journal,Vo1.5(3):53-60.
     14. DeF01eur, M. L.,and S. J. Ba1l-Rokeach(1976)
     "A Dependency Model of Mass Media Effects." Communication Research,Vo1.3:3-21.14 :
     15. Edelstein. A. S. (1988)
     "Communication Perpectives in Public Opinion: Tradition and Innovations." Communication Yearbook, Vol. 11:502-533.
     17. Eyal, C. H. (1981)
     "The Roles of Newspaper and Television in Agenda-Setting." Mass Communication Review Yearbook, Vol. 2:225-234.
     18. Eya1. C. H.,and J. P. Winter (1981)
     "Agenda-Setting for the Civil Right Issue." Public Opinion Quarter1y,Vo1.45:376-383.
     19. ?ya1. C. H .? J. P. Winter,and W. F. Degorge(1981)
     "The Concept of Time Frame in Agenda-Setting." Mass Communication Review Yearbook ,Vo1.2:212-218.
     20. Funkhouser, G. R. (1973)
     "The Issues of the. Sixties: An Exploratory Study in the Dynamics of Public Opinion." Public Opinion Quarterly,Vol.37:62-75.
     21. Graber, D. A.(1984)
     Processing the News:How People Tame the Information Tide. New York,NY: Longman.
     22. Greenberg, 8. S.(1966)
     "Media Use and Believability: Some Multiple Correlates." Journalism Quarterly,Vol.43:665-670.
     23. Gunther, A. (1988)
     "Attitude Extremity and Trust in Media." Journalism Quarterly,Vol.65:279-287.
     24. Gunther, A.,and D. L. Lasorsa (1986)
     "Issue Importance and Trust in Mass Media." Journalism Quarterly,Vol.63(4):844-848.
     25. Hawkin. R. P.,and S. Pingree (1981)
     "Uniform Messages and Habitual Viewing: Unnecessary Assumption in Social Reality Effects." Human Communication? Research,Vol.7:291-301.
     26. Hill. D. B. (1985)
     "Viewer Characteristics and Agenda-Setting by Television News." Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol.49:340-350.
     27. Himmelstein, J. L. L. Jerome, and J. A. McRae,Jr. (1988)
     "Social Issues and Socioeconomic Status." Public Opinion Quarterly,Vol.52:492-512.
     28. Holsti, O. (1969)?
     bContent Analysis for the Social Science and Humanities.
     Massachusettes, MA: Addison-Wesly Publishing Co ..
     29. Iyenger, S. (1979)
     "Television News and Issue Salience: A Reexamination of the Agenda-Setting Hypothesis." American Politics Quarterly,Vol.7(4):395-416.
     30. Iyengar, S. ,and D. R. Kinder (1987)
     News That Matters. Chicago,IL:The University of Chicago Press.
     31. Lang, K. and G. E. Lang (1968)
     Politics and Television. Chicago,IL: Quadrange Books.
     32. Lazarsfeld,P.F., B. Berelson,and H. Gaudet(1948)
     The People`s Choice.New York,NY: Columbia University Press.
     33. Lippmann. W. (1922)
     Public Opinion. New York, NY: Macmillan.
     34. Luckmann, T., and Peter L. Berger (1966)
     The Social Construction of Reality. A Double Day Anchor Book.
     35. Manheim, J. B.,and R. B. Albritton (1983)
     "Changing National Images: International Public Relations and Media Agenda-Setting."
     The American Political Science Review,Vol.78: 641-657.
     36. McCombs. M. E. (1977)
     "Newspapers Verus Television: Mass Communication Effects Across Time." In Donald L. Shaw, and Maxwell E. McCombs (Eds.), The Emergence of American Political Issues:The Agenda-Setting Function of the Press. St. Paul.Minnesota:West Publishing Co ..
     37. McCombs, M. E. (1981)
     "The Agenda-Setting Approach." In Dan D. Nimmo and Keith R. Sanders (Eds.) ,Handbook of Political Communication. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
     38. McCombs, M. E. (1988)
     Public Opinion and Mass Communication. Paper presented in an invited lecture prepared for The Broadcasting Development Fund. Taipei ,Taiwan.
     39. McCombs, M. E. ,and J. 8. Mauro(1977)
     "Predicting Newspaper Readership from Content Characteristics. "Journalism Quarterly,Vol.54:3-7,49.
     40. McCombs, M. E.,J. 8. Mauro ,and J. Son (1988)
     "Predicting Newspaper Readership from Content Characteristics: A Replication." Newspaper Research Journal,Vol.10(1):25-30.
     41. McCombs, M. E., and Donald. L. Shaw (1972)
     "The Agend-Setting Function of Mass Media." Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 36:176-187.
     42. McCombs, M. E.,and D. L. Shaw (1974)
     "Structuring the `Unseen Environment`." Journal of Communication, Vol.26:18-22.
     43. McCombs ,H. E.,and D. L. Shaw (1977)
     "The Agenda-Setting Function of the Press." In Donald L. Shaw, and Maxwell ?. McCombs (Eds.),The Emergence of American Political Issues: The Agenda-Setting
     Function of the Press. St. Paul. Minnesota: West Publishing Co ..
     44. McClure; R. O. ;and T. E. Patterson (1976)
     "Print VS.Network News." Journal of Communication, 26(2):23-28.
     45. McDonald. D. G. (1983)
     "Investigating Assumption of Media Dependency Research." Communication Research,Vol.10(4):509-528.
     46. McGuire. W. (1974)
     "Psychological Motives and Communication Gratification." In Jay Blumler and Elihu Katz, (Eds.) ,The Uses of Mass Communications. Beverly Hills.CA: Sage.
     47. McLeod, L. M., L. B. Becker, and J. E. Byrnes(1974)
     "Another Look at the Agenda-Setting Function of the Press." Communication Research, Vol.1: 131-166.
     48. McLeod. J. M., and D. G. McDonald(1985)
     "Beyond Simple Explosure: Media Orientations and Their Impact on Political Process." Communication Research, Vol.12(1):3-33.
     49. Mcquail, D. ,and S. Windahl (1981)
     Communication Models: For the Study of Mass Communications. London: Longman Inc..
     50. Miyo, Yuko (1984)
     "The Knowledge Gap Hypothesis and Media Dependency." Communication Yearbook.Vol.7:626-650.
     51. Mullins, L. E. (1977)
     "Agenda-Setting and the Young Voter." In Donald L. Shaw. and Maxwell E. McCombs (Eds.) , The Emergence of American Political Issues: The Agenda-Setting Function of the Press. St. Paul. Minnesota: West Publishing Co ..
     52. Noelle-Neumann. E. (1974)
     "The Spiral of Silence: A Theory of Public Opinion." Journal of Communication.Vol.24(2):43-51.
     53. Palmgreen. P., and P. Clarke (1977)
     "Agenda-Setting with Local and National Issues." Communication Research.Vol.4(4):4J5-452.
     54. Rimmer. T. and D. Weaver (1987)
     "Different Question. Different Answers? Media Use and Credbility." Journalism Quarterly,Vol.64:28-36.
     55. Roberts. D. F., and V. Price (1987)
     "Public Opinion Process." In Charles R. Berger & Steven H. Chaffee (Eds.) .Handbook
     of Communication Science, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
     56. Robinson, M. J. (1976)
     "Public Affairs Television and the Growth of Political Malaise: the Case of the Selling
     of the Pentagon." American Political Science Review. Vol.70:409-432.
     57. Robinson, M. J .. and Zuckin C. (1976)
     "Television and the Wallace Vote." Journal of Communication,Vol.26:79-83.
     58. Rogers, E. M.,and J. W. Dearing (1988)
     "Agenda-Setting Research: Where Has It Been, Where Is It Going?" Communication Yearbook, Vol. 11:555-594.
     59. Rogers, E .. and F. Shoemaker (1971)
     Communication of Innovation. New York, NY: Macmillan.
     60. Rosengren. K . E.. L. A . Wenner . and P. Palmgreen ( 1985)
     Media Gratifications Research: Current Perspectives. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
     61. Salomon, G. (1981)
     Interaction of Media ,Cognition ,and Learning. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers, Inc ..
     62. Salwen, M. B. (1988)
     "Effect of Accumulation of Coverage on Issue Salience in Agenda-Setting. " Journalism Quarterly, Vol.65(1):100-106,130.
     63. Schramm, W. (1977)
     Big Media, Little Media: Tools and Technologies for Instruction. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publication Co ..
     64. Shaw, D. L. (1977)
     "The Press Agenda in a Community Setting. "In Donald L. Shaw, and Maxwell E. McCombs (Eds.), The Emergence of American Political Issues: The Agenda-Setting Function of the Press. St. Paul, Minnesota: West Publishing Co ..
     65. Shaw, D. L. and J. W. Slater (1988)
     "Press Puts Unempolyment on Agenda: Richmond Community Opinion,1981-1984."Journalism Quarterly, Vol.65(2):407-411.
     66. Shoemaker P. J., C. Schooler, and W. A. Danielson(1989)
     "Involvememt with the Media: Recall verus Recognition of Election Information. " Communication Research,Vol.16(1):78-103.
     67. Singer E., T. F. Rogers,and M. Corcoran (1987)
     "Poll Report: AIDS." Public Opinion Quarterly,Vol.51: 580-595.
     68. Siune, K.,and O. Borre (1975)
     "Setting the Agenda for a Danish Election." Journal of Communication, Vol.25:65-73.
     69. Sohn, A. B. (1978)
     "A Longitudinal Analysis of Local Non-Political Agenda-Setting." Journalism Quarterly,Vol.45:325-333.
     70. Sohn, A. B.(1984) .
     "Newspaper Agenda-Setting and Community Expectations." Journalism Quarterly,Vol.61:892-897.
     71. Stepp, C. S. (1987)
     "The Role of Journalists` Questions in Campaign Forums." Political Communication and Persuasion,Vol.4:279-288.
     72. Stipp, H.,and D. Kerr (1989)
     "Determinants of Public Opinion about AIDS." Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol.5J:98-106.
     7J. Tardy, C. H. , 8. J. Gaughan, M. R. Hemphill, and N. Crokett(1981)
     "Media Agendas and Political Participation."
     Journalism auarterly,Vol.58(4):624-627.
     74. Tichenor, P. J., G. A. Donohue, and C. N. Olien(1970)
     "Mass Media Flow and Differential at Growth Knowledge." Public Opinion Quarterly,Vol.34:159-170.
     75. Tipton, L. P., R. D. Haney, and J. B. Baseheart(1975)
     "Media Agenda-Setting in City and State Election Campaign." Journalism Quarterly, Vol.52:15-22.
     76. Wanta, W. (1988)
     "The Effect of Newspaper and Television in Agenda-Setting." Mass Communication Review Yearbook,Vol.2:225-234.
     77. Weaver, D. H., M. E. McCombs,and C. Spellman(1975)
     "Watergate and the Media: A Case Study of Agenda-Setting. w American Politics Quarterly, Vol.3:458-472.
     78. Weaver, D. H. (1977)
     "Political Issues and Voter Need for Orientation." in The Emergence of American Political Issues: The Agenda-Setting Function of the Press. St. Paul,Minnesota: West Publishing Co.
     79. Weaver. D. H., D. A. Graber, M. E. McCombs and C. H. Eyal(1981)
     Media Agenda-setting in a Presidential Election. New York, NY: Praeger Inc ..
     80. Wenmouth, W., Jr., and W. Semlak (1978)
     "Campaign 1976:Agenda-Setting During the New Hampshire Primacy." Journal of 8roadcasting,Vol.22(4):531-540.
     81. Wenmouth W., Jr., and M. Shapiro(1986)
     "Agenda-Setting in the 1982 Illinois Gubernatorial Campaign Frames." Mass Communication Research,Vol.13 :233-246.
     82. Wenmouth W., Jr., M. Shapiro, and C. Cutbirth (1983)
     "The Impact of Campaign Agendas on Perceptions of Issues in 1980 Campaign." Journalism Quarterly, Vol.60:226-231.
     83. Westley, B. H. (1976)
     "What Makes It Chanaes?" Journal of Communication. Vol.26:43-47.
     84. Williams, W., Jr.,and D. Larsen (1977)
     "Agenda-setting in an Off-Election Year." Journalism Quarterly, Vol.54:744-749.
     85. Hinter, J. P. (1981)
     "Contingent Conditions in the Agenda-Setting
     by Television News." Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol.49:340-350.
     86. Hinter, J. P., and C. H. Eyal (1981)
     "Agenda-Setting for the Civil Rights Issue." Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol.45:376-383.
     87. Woodall, W. G., D. K. Davis , and H. Sahin(1986)
     "From the Boob Tube to the Black Box: Television
     News Comprehension from an Information Processing Perspective." Journal of Broadcasting,Vol.27(1): 1-23.
     88. van Dijk, T. A.(1988)
     News as Discourse. Hillsdale. NJ: Lawrance Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
     89. Zucker, H. G. (1978)
     "The Variable Nature of News Media Influence." Communication Yearbook,Vol.2:225-240.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
新聞學系
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002005404
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 王石番zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 廖淑伶zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 廖淑伶zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 1990en_US
dc.date (日期) 1989en_US
dc.date.accessioned 3-May-2016 14:06:19 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 3-May-2016 14:06:19 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-May-2016 14:06:19 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) B2002005404en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/89995-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 新聞學系zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究為「臺灣地區大眾傳播與話題設定研究」的一部份，以大臺北地區為例，檢視議題設定模式在我國社會的適用佳，主要研究目的有三：zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論
     第一節 研究動機.............................. 1
     第二節 議題設定研究的發展.............................. 5
     第三節 研究架構與問題.............................. 14
     第二章 文獻探討及研究假設
     第一節 媒介報導、媒介性質與議題設定.............................. 24
     第二節 媒介議題性質與主義設定..............................31
     第三節 人口特性與議題設定.............................. 36
     第四節 大家傳播行為與議題設定..............................40
     第五節 人際傳播行為與議題設定.............................. 50
     第三章 研究方法
     第一節 內容分析..............................65
     第二節 問卷調查............................................................72
     第三節 統計方法..............................78
     第四章 資料分析
     第一節 媒介議題概述.............................. 84
     第二節 基本資料.............................. 93
     第三節 公眾議題概述.............................. 120
     第四節 媒介議題與公眾議題.............................. 135
     第五章 結論與建議
     第一節 研究發現與討論..............................153
     第二節 檢討與建議.............................. 163
     參考書目
     附錄一 時間分類與新聞類型分類表..............................183
     附錄二 內容分析登錄表..............................186
     附錄三 研究問卷..............................188
     附錄四 行業、職務分類表..............................204		zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002005404en_US
dc.title (題名) 議題設定效果因素之探討 : 媒介特性.人口變項.傳播行為與大眾媒介議題設定之關聯性分析---以大臺北地區為例zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文部份
     1. 王石番(民國78年)
     傳播內容分析法一一理論與驗證。臺北：幼獅書局。
     2. 李瞻，祝基瀅(民國75年)
     我國未來傳播政策之研究。行政院研究發展考核委員會專題研究報告。
     3. 李茂政(民國70年)
     臺灣地區新聞媒介話題設定功能之研究。臺北：政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
     4. 徐佳士(民國75年)
     大眾傳播理論。臺北：正中書局。
     5. 徐惠玲(民國71年)
     我國報低議題設定功能之研究。臺北：政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
     6. 胡愛玲(民國79年)
     報紙報導街頭運動新聞之分析。臺北：政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
     7. 陳世敏(民國72年)
     大眾傳播與社會變遷。臺北：三民書局。
     8. 陳一香(民國77年)
     電視爭議性新聞之消息來源特性及其處理方式與訊息導向之分析。
     臺北：政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
     9. 郭陽道(民國68年)
     新聞媒介議題設定功能之研究。臺北：政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
     10. 彭芸(民國75年)
     政治傳播一理論與實務。臺北：巨流圖書出版公司。
     11. 黃新生(民國76年)
     媒介批評。臺北：五南書局。
     12. 葉宣模(民國71年)
     經濟性專業報紙議題設定功能之研究。臺北：政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
     13. 鄭瑞城，繳文輝(民國77年)
     電視新聞消息來海人物之背景與呈現方式之研究。行政院國科會專題研究報告。
     14. 潘家慶，玉石番，謝?春(民國75年)
     臺灣地區民眾傳播行為研究。行政院國科會專題研究報告。
     15. 鍾蔚文，汪琪，沈清松(民國78年)
     台灣地區資訊化歷程與文化變遷之研究。行政院國科會專題研究報告。
     
     二、英文部份
     1 . Atwater, T., M. B. Salwen. and R. B. Anderson (1985)
     "Media Agenda-Setting with Environmental Issues."Journalism Quarterly. Vol.62:J93-397.
     2. Atwood, L. E. (1980)
     "From Press Release to Voting Reasons: Tracing the Agenda in a Congressional Campaign." Communication Yearbook,Vol.4:468-482.
     3. Becker, L. B. (1982)
     "The Mass Media and Citizen Assessment of Issues Importance: A Reflection on Agenda-Setting Research." Mass Communication Review Yearbook,Vol.3:521-536.
     4. Becker. L. B .. and K. A. Krendl(1984)
     "Local Voting Decision and the Flaw of Campaign Information." Communication Yearbook,Vol.7:612-625.
     5. Becker, L. B., C. Sobowale, and J. Casey (1979)
     "Newspaer and Television Dependencies: Effects on Evaluation of Public Affairs." Journal of Broadcasting, Vol.23(4J:465-476.
     6. Becker, L. B., D. C. Whitney (1980)
     "Effects of Media Dependencies: Audience`s Assessment of Government." Communication Research,Vol.7(l): 955-122.
     7. Benton, M.,and P. J. Frazier(1976)
     "The Agenda-Setting Function of the Mass Media at Three Levels of `Information Holding`."Communication Research, Vol.3(3J:261-274.
     8. Blumler. J. G .. and ?. Katz (1974)
     The Uses of Mass Communications. Beverly Hills,CA: Sage Publications.
     9. Bowers, T. A. (1973)
     "Newspaper Political Advertising and the AgendaSetting Function." Journalism Quarterly, Vol.50: 552-556.
     10. Carey, J. (1976)
     "How Media Shape Campaigns". Journal of Communication, Vol.26:23-27.
     11. Chaffee, S. H. (1972)
     "The Interpersonal Context of Mass Communication." In F.G.Kline & P.J.Tichenor(Eds.),Current Perspectives in Mass Communication Research. Beverly Hi11s,CA:Sage.
     12. Cohen, Bernard C. (1963)
     The Press and Foreign Policy. Princeton.NJ:Princeton University Press.
     13. Culbertson. H. C.,and Guido H. Stempel III (1984)
     "Possible Barriers to Agenda-Setting in Medical News." Newspaper Review Journal,Vo1.5(3):53-60.
     14. DeF01eur, M. L.,and S. J. Ba1l-Rokeach(1976)
     "A Dependency Model of Mass Media Effects." Communication Research,Vo1.3:3-21.14 :
     15. Edelstein. A. S. (1988)
     "Communication Perpectives in Public Opinion: Tradition and Innovations." Communication Yearbook, Vol. 11:502-533.
     17. Eyal, C. H. (1981)
     "The Roles of Newspaper and Television in Agenda-Setting." Mass Communication Review Yearbook, Vol. 2:225-234.
     18. Eya1. C. H.,and J. P. Winter (1981)
     "Agenda-Setting for the Civil Right Issue." Public Opinion Quarter1y,Vo1.45:376-383.
     19. ?ya1. C. H .? J. P. Winter,and W. F. Degorge(1981)
     "The Concept of Time Frame in Agenda-Setting." Mass Communication Review Yearbook ,Vo1.2:212-218.
     20. Funkhouser, G. R. (1973)
     "The Issues of the. Sixties: An Exploratory Study in the Dynamics of Public Opinion." Public Opinion Quarterly,Vol.37:62-75.
     21. Graber, D. A.(1984)
     Processing the News:How People Tame the Information Tide. New York,NY: Longman.
     22. Greenberg, 8. S.(1966)
     "Media Use and Believability: Some Multiple Correlates." Journalism Quarterly,Vol.43:665-670.
     23. Gunther, A. (1988)
     "Attitude Extremity and Trust in Media." Journalism Quarterly,Vol.65:279-287.
     24. Gunther, A.,and D. L. Lasorsa (1986)
     "Issue Importance and Trust in Mass Media." Journalism Quarterly,Vol.63(4):844-848.
     25. Hawkin. R. P.,and S. Pingree (1981)
     "Uniform Messages and Habitual Viewing: Unnecessary Assumption in Social Reality Effects." Human Communication? Research,Vol.7:291-301.
     26. Hill. D. B. (1985)
     "Viewer Characteristics and Agenda-Setting by Television News." Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol.49:340-350.
     27. Himmelstein, J. L. L. Jerome, and J. A. McRae,Jr. (1988)
     "Social Issues and Socioeconomic Status." Public Opinion Quarterly,Vol.52:492-512.
     28. Holsti, O. (1969)?
     bContent Analysis for the Social Science and Humanities.
     Massachusettes, MA: Addison-Wesly Publishing Co ..
     29. Iyenger, S. (1979)
     "Television News and Issue Salience: A Reexamination of the Agenda-Setting Hypothesis." American Politics Quarterly,Vol.7(4):395-416.
     30. Iyengar, S. ,and D. R. Kinder (1987)
     News That Matters. Chicago,IL:The University of Chicago Press.
     31. Lang, K. and G. E. Lang (1968)
     Politics and Television. Chicago,IL: Quadrange Books.
     32. Lazarsfeld,P.F., B. Berelson,and H. Gaudet(1948)
     The People`s Choice.New York,NY: Columbia University Press.
     33. Lippmann. W. (1922)
     Public Opinion. New York, NY: Macmillan.
     34. Luckmann, T., and Peter L. Berger (1966)
     The Social Construction of Reality. A Double Day Anchor Book.
     35. Manheim, J. B.,and R. B. Albritton (1983)
     "Changing National Images: International Public Relations and Media Agenda-Setting."
     The American Political Science Review,Vol.78: 641-657.
     36. McCombs. M. E. (1977)
     "Newspapers Verus Television: Mass Communication Effects Across Time." In Donald L. Shaw, and Maxwell E. McCombs (Eds.), The Emergence of American Political Issues:The Agenda-Setting Function of the Press. St. Paul.Minnesota:West Publishing Co ..
     37. McCombs, M. E. (1981)
     "The Agenda-Setting Approach." In Dan D. Nimmo and Keith R. Sanders (Eds.) ,Handbook of Political Communication. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
     38. McCombs, M. E. (1988)
     Public Opinion and Mass Communication. Paper presented in an invited lecture prepared for The Broadcasting Development Fund. Taipei ,Taiwan.
     39. McCombs, M. E. ,and J. 8. Mauro(1977)
     "Predicting Newspaper Readership from Content Characteristics. "Journalism Quarterly,Vol.54:3-7,49.
     40. McCombs, M. E.,J. 8. Mauro ,and J. Son (1988)
     "Predicting Newspaper Readership from Content Characteristics: A Replication." Newspaper Research Journal,Vol.10(1):25-30.
     41. McCombs, M. E., and Donald. L. Shaw (1972)
     "The Agend-Setting Function of Mass Media." Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 36:176-187.
     42. McCombs, M. E.,and D. L. Shaw (1974)
     "Structuring the `Unseen Environment`." Journal of Communication, Vol.26:18-22.
     43. McCombs ,H. E.,and D. L. Shaw (1977)
     "The Agenda-Setting Function of the Press." In Donald L. Shaw, and Maxwell ?. McCombs (Eds.),The Emergence of American Political Issues: The Agenda-Setting
     Function of the Press. St. Paul. Minnesota: West Publishing Co ..
     44. McClure; R. O. ;and T. E. Patterson (1976)
     "Print VS.Network News." Journal of Communication, 26(2):23-28.
     45. McDonald. D. G. (1983)
     "Investigating Assumption of Media Dependency Research." Communication Research,Vol.10(4):509-528.
     46. McGuire. W. (1974)
     "Psychological Motives and Communication Gratification." In Jay Blumler and Elihu Katz, (Eds.) ,The Uses of Mass Communications. Beverly Hills.CA: Sage.
     47. McLeod, L. M., L. B. Becker, and J. E. Byrnes(1974)
     "Another Look at the Agenda-Setting Function of the Press." Communication Research, Vol.1: 131-166.
     48. McLeod. J. M., and D. G. McDonald(1985)
     "Beyond Simple Explosure: Media Orientations and Their Impact on Political Process." Communication Research, Vol.12(1):3-33.
     49. Mcquail, D. ,and S. Windahl (1981)
     Communication Models: For the Study of Mass Communications. London: Longman Inc..
     50. Miyo, Yuko (1984)
     "The Knowledge Gap Hypothesis and Media Dependency." Communication Yearbook.Vol.7:626-650.
     51. Mullins, L. E. (1977)
     "Agenda-Setting and the Young Voter." In Donald L. Shaw. and Maxwell E. McCombs (Eds.) , The Emergence of American Political Issues: The Agenda-Setting Function of the Press. St. Paul. Minnesota: West Publishing Co ..
     52. Noelle-Neumann. E. (1974)
     "The Spiral of Silence: A Theory of Public Opinion." Journal of Communication.Vol.24(2):43-51.
     53. Palmgreen. P., and P. Clarke (1977)
     "Agenda-Setting with Local and National Issues." Communication Research.Vol.4(4):4J5-452.
     54. Rimmer. T. and D. Weaver (1987)
     "Different Question. Different Answers? Media Use and Credbility." Journalism Quarterly,Vol.64:28-36.
     55. Roberts. D. F., and V. Price (1987)
     "Public Opinion Process." In Charles R. Berger & Steven H. Chaffee (Eds.) .Handbook
     of Communication Science, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
     56. Robinson, M. J. (1976)
     "Public Affairs Television and the Growth of Political Malaise: the Case of the Selling
     of the Pentagon." American Political Science Review. Vol.70:409-432.
     57. Robinson, M. J .. and Zuckin C. (1976)
     "Television and the Wallace Vote." Journal of Communication,Vol.26:79-83.
     58. Rogers, E. M.,and J. W. Dearing (1988)
     "Agenda-Setting Research: Where Has It Been, Where Is It Going?" Communication Yearbook, Vol. 11:555-594.
     59. Rogers, E .. and F. Shoemaker (1971)
     Communication of Innovation. New York, NY: Macmillan.
     60. Rosengren. K . E.. L. A . Wenner . and P. Palmgreen ( 1985)
     Media Gratifications Research: Current Perspectives. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
     61. Salomon, G. (1981)
     Interaction of Media ,Cognition ,and Learning. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers, Inc ..
     62. Salwen, M. B. (1988)
     "Effect of Accumulation of Coverage on Issue Salience in Agenda-Setting. " Journalism Quarterly, Vol.65(1):100-106,130.
     63. Schramm, W. (1977)
     Big Media, Little Media: Tools and Technologies for Instruction. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publication Co ..
     64. Shaw, D. L. (1977)
     "The Press Agenda in a Community Setting. "In Donald L. Shaw, and Maxwell E. McCombs (Eds.), The Emergence of American Political Issues: The Agenda-Setting Function of the Press. St. Paul, Minnesota: West Publishing Co ..
     65. Shaw, D. L. and J. W. Slater (1988)
     "Press Puts Unempolyment on Agenda: Richmond Community Opinion,1981-1984."Journalism Quarterly, Vol.65(2):407-411.
     66. Shoemaker P. J., C. Schooler, and W. A. Danielson(1989)
     "Involvememt with the Media: Recall verus Recognition of Election Information. " Communication Research,Vol.16(1):78-103.
     67. Singer E., T. F. Rogers,and M. Corcoran (1987)
     "Poll Report: AIDS." Public Opinion Quarterly,Vol.51: 580-595.
     68. Siune, K.,and O. Borre (1975)
     "Setting the Agenda for a Danish Election." Journal of Communication, Vol.25:65-73.
     69. Sohn, A. B. (1978)
     "A Longitudinal Analysis of Local Non-Political Agenda-Setting." Journalism Quarterly,Vol.45:325-333.
     70. Sohn, A. B.(1984) .
     "Newspaper Agenda-Setting and Community Expectations." Journalism Quarterly,Vol.61:892-897.
     71. Stepp, C. S. (1987)
     "The Role of Journalists` Questions in Campaign Forums." Political Communication and Persuasion,Vol.4:279-288.
     72. Stipp, H.,and D. Kerr (1989)
     "Determinants of Public Opinion about AIDS." Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol.5J:98-106.
     7J. Tardy, C. H. , 8. J. Gaughan, M. R. Hemphill, and N. Crokett(1981)
     "Media Agendas and Political Participation."
     Journalism auarterly,Vol.58(4):624-627.
     74. Tichenor, P. J., G. A. Donohue, and C. N. Olien(1970)
     "Mass Media Flow and Differential at Growth Knowledge." Public Opinion Quarterly,Vol.34:159-170.
     75. Tipton, L. P., R. D. Haney, and J. B. Baseheart(1975)
     "Media Agenda-Setting in City and State Election Campaign." Journalism Quarterly, Vol.52:15-22.
     76. Wanta, W. (1988)
     "The Effect of Newspaper and Television in Agenda-Setting." Mass Communication Review Yearbook,Vol.2:225-234.
     77. Weaver, D. H., M. E. McCombs,and C. Spellman(1975)
     "Watergate and the Media: A Case Study of Agenda-Setting. w American Politics Quarterly, Vol.3:458-472.
     78. Weaver, D. H. (1977)
     "Political Issues and Voter Need for Orientation." in The Emergence of American Political Issues: The Agenda-Setting Function of the Press. St. Paul,Minnesota: West Publishing Co.
     79. Weaver. D. H., D. A. Graber, M. E. McCombs and C. H. Eyal(1981)
     Media Agenda-setting in a Presidential Election. New York, NY: Praeger Inc ..
     80. Wenmouth, W., Jr., and W. Semlak (1978)
     "Campaign 1976:Agenda-Setting During the New Hampshire Primacy." Journal of 8roadcasting,Vol.22(4):531-540.
     81. Wenmouth W., Jr., and M. Shapiro(1986)
     "Agenda-Setting in the 1982 Illinois Gubernatorial Campaign Frames." Mass Communication Research,Vol.13 :233-246.
     82. Wenmouth W., Jr., M. Shapiro, and C. Cutbirth (1983)
     "The Impact of Campaign Agendas on Perceptions of Issues in 1980 Campaign." Journalism Quarterly, Vol.60:226-231.
     83. Westley, B. H. (1976)
     "What Makes It Chanaes?" Journal of Communication. Vol.26:43-47.
     84. Williams, W., Jr.,and D. Larsen (1977)
     "Agenda-setting in an Off-Election Year." Journalism Quarterly, Vol.54:744-749.
     85. Hinter, J. P. (1981)
     "Contingent Conditions in the Agenda-Setting
     by Television News." Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol.49:340-350.
     86. Hinter, J. P., and C. H. Eyal (1981)
     "Agenda-Setting for the Civil Rights Issue." Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol.45:376-383.
     87. Woodall, W. G., D. K. Davis , and H. Sahin(1986)
     "From the Boob Tube to the Black Box: Television
     News Comprehension from an Information Processing Perspective." Journal of Broadcasting,Vol.27(1): 1-23.
     88. van Dijk, T. A.(1988)
     News as Discourse. Hillsdale. NJ: Lawrance Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
     89. Zucker, H. G. (1978)
     "The Variable Nature of News Media Influence." Communication Yearbook,Vol.2:225-240.		zh_TW