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題名 不對稱資訊下勞工報酬契約的訂定 作者 林豪傑 貢獻者 劉維琪
林豪傑日期 1989
1988上傳時間 3-May-2016 14:11:39 (UTC+8) 摘要 論文摘要面對工資不斷上漲的趨勢,企業當尋求有效的辦法,以盡量節省公司的總報酬成本;將福利性所得由附加( fringe)地位轉變為「基礎」(fabric)角色,正代表著節省報酬成本的一個絕佳機會。不過,由於公司內各個員工對福利性所得的偏好程度並不一致,因此,公司的報酬契約,除了強調福利性所得的重要性外,若能再考慮到員工的偏好差異,藉提供數額不等的福利性所得給偏好程度各異的員工,並據以扣除數額不等的薪資所得,則將使勞資雙方進一步得利。然而,在彈性的報酬契約中,對福利性所得偏好較高者,可能隱藏自己的真實偏好,以期減少薪資所得扣除額,致公司所能節省的總報酬成本受到限制。 因此,公司便需謹慎的決定薪資所得扣除額,以消除員工欺騙的誘因。基於此,本文利用代理理論,探討企業如何決定報酬契約中,福利性所得與薪資所得的關係及數額,以避免員工發生逆選擇的欺騙現象,並據以節省最大的報酬成本。 根據第四章的模式推導,本文的重要結論如下:一、在不對稱資訊、不連續分配下,為防止較偏好福利性所得者隱藏真實偏好,公司提供的報酬契約必須使員工覺得,隱藏與否對效用並無影響;因此,此時較偏好福利性所得者,將得到一消費者剩餘為正的報酬組合。至於較不偏好者,當其隱藏真實偏好時之消費者剩餘將為負,因此其將無隱藏的誘因,而其從選擇福利性所得得到的消費者剩餘將為零。二、在不對稱資訊、不連續分配下,最適報酬契約將決定於,公司內員工對福利性所得偏好程度的分配型態:A. 當員工偏好呈均等分配時此時公司應提供之最適契約稱為遞減型的分隔契約(separating contract)即,針對不同偏好之員工提供不同契約,且提供較多褔利性所得給較低偏好者。B.當員工偏好呈指數分配時此時公司應提供之最適契約為聯合契約(poolingContract)即,提供相同的契約給所有員工。C.當員工偏好呈鐘型分配時此時公司應提供之最適契約視員工偏好在眾數前或眾數後而定。當員工偏好在眾數前,則最適契約為遞減型的分隔契約,即,提供較多福利性所得給偏好較低者,以節省較多之報酬成本。當員工偏好在眾數前,最適契約可為聯合契約,亦可為遞減型或遞增型的分隔契約,端視員工偏好程度的變化狀況而定。不對稱資訊下勞工報酬契約的訂定 參考文獻 參考文獻中文部分:1.王建煊,租稅法.10版,台北:自印,民國74年2月。2.王建煊,〝福利性所得〞,財稅人員進修月刊,第41期,民國74年12月。3.李廣訓,現代企業人事管理,初版,台北:五南圖書出版公司,民國76年10月。4.吳靄書,企業人事管理,7版,台北:自印,民國76年9月。5.盛偉德,誘導性所得稅率之研究,國立政治大學財政研究所未出版碩士論文,民國74年6月。6.黃瑞春,〝附屬性利益課稅問題之研究,〞。稅務旬刊第一二一一期,民國74年5月20日。7.翟宜萱,誘導主管制定責任目標之模式建立,國立中山大學企業管理研究所未出版碩士論文,民國73年6月。8.趟其文,人事管理,2版,台北:中華出版社,民國72年8月。9.劉維琪,資訊不對稱情況下公用事業訂價模式,台北中國經濟企業研究所,民國75年3月。英文部分:1.Allen. Steven G., "Compensation. Safety, and Absenteeism: Evidence from the Paper Industry." Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 34(1981).2." Alternatives to Flexible Spending Accounts / IRS wou1d remove Effective Cost Control Flexible Benefits Will Be Norm Within 10 Years / Advantages of Sec. 401(k) Plans Go Past Contributing Before-Tax Dollars / Underwriters Hear About Problems in Flex Plans. " Employee Benefit Plan Review, June(1984).3.Alvi , Eskander, " Information Revelation and Principal - Agent Contracts , " Journa1 of Labor Economics , 6(1988)4.Baker, Carolyn A. , " Flex Your Benefits , " Personnel Journal, May(1988) . 5." Benefits are Getting More Flexible - But Caveat Employer, " Business Week, September 8(1986).6.Carter, Michael F., and Kenneth P. Shapiro, "Develop a Proactive Approach To Employee Benefits Planning," Personnel Journal, July(1983).7.Debra J. Aron. “Worker Reputation and Productivity Incentives,” Journal of Labor Economics, 5(1987).8.Dillion, Ray D., Betty C. Horn, and Ernest R. Larkins, “More Value from Fringe Benefit Plans," CPA Journal, November (1986).9.Doll, Barry F., "Staff Turnover: How to Manage it," Journal of Accountancy, Dec. (1983).10.Dye, Ronald A., and Rick Antle," Self-Selection via Fringe Benefits, "Journal of Labor Economics, 2 (1984).11.Dreher,G. F. "Predicting the Salary Satisfaction of Exempt Employees, “Personal Psychology, 34(1981).12.Dworkin, James B., Sidney P. Feldman, James M. Brown, and Charles J. Hobson, “workers’ Preferences in Concession Bargaining,” Industrial Relations, 27(1988).13.Eaton, Jonathan, and Harvey Rosen,” Agency, Delayed Compensation,” Journal of Finance, 38(1983).14.Ellig, Bruce R., “Total Compensation Design” Elements and Issues,” Personnel, January/February(1984). 15.“Emplyees Opt for Jobs with Flexible Benefits,” Employee Benefit Plan Review, October(1984).16.Ehrenberg, Ronald G., and Robert S. Smith. Modern Labor Economics: Theory and Public Policy, 3rd. Ed. , Scott、Foresman and Company, (1988).17.Fragner, B, N. , “Employees’ ‘Cafeteria’ Offers Insarance Options,” Harvard Business Review, 53(1975).18.Freeman, Gichard B.,” The Effect of Unionism on Fringe Benefits,” Imdustrial and Labor Relations Review, 34(1981).19.Feuille, P., John Thomas Delaney,and Wsllance Hendrics,“Police Bargaining Arbitration, and Fringe Benefits,” Journal of Labor Research, VI(1985).20.Guasch, J. Luis, and Andrew Weiss, “Self-Selection in the Labor Market,” American Economic Review, June(1981).21.Heneman, Herbert G., Ⅲ, Donald P, Schwab, John A. Fossum, and Lee D. Dyer, Personnel / Human Resource Management, Richard D. Irwin, Inc., (1983).22.“Hewitt Notes Growth in Flexible Benefit Programs,” Employee Beniefit Plan Review, May(1986).23.Kenney, Suzanne M., “How to Cure Employee Flexophobia,” Personnel, February(1986).24.Lazear, Edward P., “ Agency, Earnings Profiles, Productivity, and Hours Restrictions,” American Economic Review, 71(1981).25.Lazear, Edward P,. and Robert L. Moore, “Incentive, Productivity, And Labor Contracts,,” Quarterly Journal of Economic, (1984).26.Leonesi, Micharel V., “In-kind Transfers and Work Incentives,” Jouenal of Labor Economics, 6(1988).27.Milkovich, George T., and Michael Delaney, “ A Note on Cafeteria Pay plans,” Industrial Relations, February(1975),28.Mitchell, Olivia S., :Fringe Benefits and Labor Mobility,” The Journal of Human Resources, XV Ⅱ(1982).29.Mookherjee, Dilip,. “Involuntary unemployment and Worker Self-selection, “Journal of Economic Theory, 45(1988), pp. 171-188;30.Moore John, “Optimal Labour Contracts When Workers have a Variety of Privately Observed Reservation Wage,” Review of Economic Studies, LⅡ(1985), pp.37-67;31.Murphy, Kevin J., “Incentives, learning, and compensation: a Theoretical and Empirical Investigation of Monagenal Labor Contracts,” Rand Journal of Economics, 17(1986, pp. 59-76;32.Myerson, Roger B., “Optimal Auction Design,” Mathematics of Operations Research, 6(1982), pp.58-73.33.Nichols, Albert L., and Richard J. Zeckhauser, “Targeting Transfers Through Restrictions on Recipients”, AEA Papers and Proceedings, 72(1982).34.Organ, Dennis W., and Thomas Bateman, Organizational Behavior, Texas: Business Publication, (1986).35.Rowland, Kendrith M. and Gernald R. Feris, Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, Illinois: Jai Press Inc., 3 (1985).36.Rudin, W., Principles of Mathematical Analysis, 3rd.37.Ryland, Elisabeth K., and Benson Rosen, “Attracting Job Applicants With Flexible Benefits,“ Personnel, March(1988).38.Salop Joanne and Steven Salop,” Self-selection and Turnover in The Labor Market,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, (1976).39.Stacy, Adler, “New Flex Software Lures Smaller Firms,” Business Insurance, May 30(1988).40.Tane, Lance D., “Resources Issues in Mergers,” Topics in Total Compensation, Spring(1988).41.Tane, Lance D., The Three Levels of Benefits Communication,” Personnel Journal, March(1987), Tuyl, Paul Van,” Communications: Key to a Successful 401(k) Plan,” Personnel, March/April(1984).42.Winkler, Donald R., “The effects of Sick-Leave Policy on Teacher Absenteeism,” Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 33(1980).43Wiseman, Mark G., “An Overview of Flexible Compensation,” Topics in Total Compensation, Fall(1987). 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
企業管理學系資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002005552 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 劉維琪 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林豪傑 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) 林豪傑 zh_TW dc.date (日期) 1989 en_US dc.date (日期) 1988 en_US dc.date.accessioned 3-May-2016 14:11:39 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 3-May-2016 14:11:39 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-May-2016 14:11:39 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) B2002005552 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/90043 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 企業管理學系 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 論文摘要面對工資不斷上漲的趨勢,企業當尋求有效的辦法,以盡量節省公司的總報酬成本;將福利性所得由附加( fringe)地位轉變為「基礎」(fabric)角色,正代表著節省報酬成本的一個絕佳機會。不過,由於公司內各個員工對福利性所得的偏好程度並不一致,因此,公司的報酬契約,除了強調福利性所得的重要性外,若能再考慮到員工的偏好差異,藉提供數額不等的福利性所得給偏好程度各異的員工,並據以扣除數額不等的薪資所得,則將使勞資雙方進一步得利。然而,在彈性的報酬契約中,對福利性所得偏好較高者,可能隱藏自己的真實偏好,以期減少薪資所得扣除額,致公司所能節省的總報酬成本受到限制。 因此,公司便需謹慎的決定薪資所得扣除額,以消除員工欺騙的誘因。基於此,本文利用代理理論,探討企業如何決定報酬契約中,福利性所得與薪資所得的關係及數額,以避免員工發生逆選擇的欺騙現象,並據以節省最大的報酬成本。 根據第四章的模式推導,本文的重要結論如下:一、在不對稱資訊、不連續分配下,為防止較偏好福利性所得者隱藏真實偏好,公司提供的報酬契約必須使員工覺得,隱藏與否對效用並無影響;因此,此時較偏好福利性所得者,將得到一消費者剩餘為正的報酬組合。至於較不偏好者,當其隱藏真實偏好時之消費者剩餘將為負,因此其將無隱藏的誘因,而其從選擇福利性所得得到的消費者剩餘將為零。二、在不對稱資訊、不連續分配下,最適報酬契約將決定於,公司內員工對福利性所得偏好程度的分配型態:A. 當員工偏好呈均等分配時此時公司應提供之最適契約稱為遞減型的分隔契約(separating contract)即,針對不同偏好之員工提供不同契約,且提供較多褔利性所得給較低偏好者。B.當員工偏好呈指數分配時此時公司應提供之最適契約為聯合契約(poolingContract)即,提供相同的契約給所有員工。C.當員工偏好呈鐘型分配時此時公司應提供之最適契約視員工偏好在眾數前或眾數後而定。當員工偏好在眾數前,則最適契約為遞減型的分隔契約,即,提供較多福利性所得給偏好較低者,以節省較多之報酬成本。當員工偏好在眾數前,最適契約可為聯合契約,亦可為遞減型或遞增型的分隔契約,端視員工偏好程度的變化狀況而定。不對稱資訊下勞工報酬契約的訂定 zh_TW dc.description.tableofcontents 目錄論文摘要………Ⅰ致謝辭………III目錄………Ⅴ圖表目錄………Ⅶ第一章 緒論………1第一節 研究動機與研究目的………1第二節 研究方法………4第三節 本文結構………6本章附註………7第二章 報酬契約的新趨勢………8第一節 福利性所得的成長………10第二節 彈性福利計畫………16第三節 實施有效的彈性福利計劃………22第四節 建立合乎時代趨勢的報酬契約………26本章附註………29第三章 文獻回顧………35第一節 福利性報酬契約研究的欠缺………37第二節 不對稱資訊下最適之報酬契約………42第三節 最適勞工報酬契約之說明………45本章附註………53第四章 誘導性報酬契約的訂定與求解………56第一節 對稱資訊時之報酬契約………57第二節 不對稱資訊、不連續分配時之報酬契約………62第三節 不對稱資訊、連續分配時之報酬契約………68第四節 訂定不對稱資訊下之最適報酬契約………78本章附註………87第五章 結論與建議………88第一節 結論………88第二節 建議………90參考文獻………92圖表目錄表2–1 報酬模式………9表2–2 按時計酬工人之報酬組合內容………12表3–1 勞工契約的研究主題………38表3–2 不對稱資訊下最適之報酬契約………46圖3–1 定理1之圖示………47圖3-2a 定理2之圖示………48圖3-2b 定理2之圖示………49圖3–3 定理3之圖示………50圖4–1 i型員工之福利性所得效用曲線………58圖4–2 等消費者剩餘線………58圖4–3 a、b兩型員工的無差異曲線………60圖4–4 a、b兩型之等消費者剩餘線………60圖4–5 不連續分配時之報酬契約(a)………62圖4–6 不連續分配時之報酬契約(b)………68圖4–7 報酬契約的運作程序………70圖4–8 均等分配時之報酬契約………81圖4–9 指數分配時之報酬契約………83圖4–10 鐘型分配的類型………84 zh_TW dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002005552 en_US dc.title (題名) 不對稱資訊下勞工報酬契約的訂定 zh_TW dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 參考文獻中文部分:1.王建煊,租稅法.10版,台北:自印,民國74年2月。2.王建煊,〝福利性所得〞,財稅人員進修月刊,第41期,民國74年12月。3.李廣訓,現代企業人事管理,初版,台北:五南圖書出版公司,民國76年10月。4.吳靄書,企業人事管理,7版,台北:自印,民國76年9月。5.盛偉德,誘導性所得稅率之研究,國立政治大學財政研究所未出版碩士論文,民國74年6月。6.黃瑞春,〝附屬性利益課稅問題之研究,〞。稅務旬刊第一二一一期,民國74年5月20日。7.翟宜萱,誘導主管制定責任目標之模式建立,國立中山大學企業管理研究所未出版碩士論文,民國73年6月。8.趟其文,人事管理,2版,台北:中華出版社,民國72年8月。9.劉維琪,資訊不對稱情況下公用事業訂價模式,台北中國經濟企業研究所,民國75年3月。英文部分:1.Allen. Steven G., "Compensation. Safety, and Absenteeism: Evidence from the Paper Industry." Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 34(1981).2." Alternatives to Flexible Spending Accounts / IRS wou1d remove Effective Cost Control Flexible Benefits Will Be Norm Within 10 Years / Advantages of Sec. 401(k) Plans Go Past Contributing Before-Tax Dollars / Underwriters Hear About Problems in Flex Plans. " Employee Benefit Plan Review, June(1984).3.Alvi , Eskander, " Information Revelation and Principal - Agent Contracts , " Journa1 of Labor Economics , 6(1988)4.Baker, Carolyn A. , " Flex Your Benefits , " Personnel Journal, May(1988) . 5." Benefits are Getting More Flexible - But Caveat Employer, " Business Week, September 8(1986).6.Carter, Michael F., and Kenneth P. Shapiro, "Develop a Proactive Approach To Employee Benefits Planning," Personnel Journal, July(1983).7.Debra J. Aron. “Worker Reputation and Productivity Incentives,” Journal of Labor Economics, 5(1987).8.Dillion, Ray D., Betty C. Horn, and Ernest R. Larkins, “More Value from Fringe Benefit Plans," CPA Journal, November (1986).9.Doll, Barry F., "Staff Turnover: How to Manage it," Journal of Accountancy, Dec. (1983).10.Dye, Ronald A., and Rick Antle," Self-Selection via Fringe Benefits, "Journal of Labor Economics, 2 (1984).11.Dreher,G. F. "Predicting the Salary Satisfaction of Exempt Employees, “Personal Psychology, 34(1981).12.Dworkin, James B., Sidney P. Feldman, James M. Brown, and Charles J. Hobson, “workers’ Preferences in Concession Bargaining,” Industrial Relations, 27(1988).13.Eaton, Jonathan, and Harvey Rosen,” Agency, Delayed Compensation,” Journal of Finance, 38(1983).14.Ellig, Bruce R., “Total Compensation Design” Elements and Issues,” Personnel, January/February(1984). 15.“Emplyees Opt for Jobs with Flexible Benefits,” Employee Benefit Plan Review, October(1984).16.Ehrenberg, Ronald G., and Robert S. Smith. Modern Labor Economics: Theory and Public Policy, 3rd. Ed. , Scott、Foresman and Company, (1988).17.Fragner, B, N. , “Employees’ ‘Cafeteria’ Offers Insarance Options,” Harvard Business Review, 53(1975).18.Freeman, Gichard B.,” The Effect of Unionism on Fringe Benefits,” Imdustrial and Labor Relations Review, 34(1981).19.Feuille, P., John Thomas Delaney,and Wsllance Hendrics,“Police Bargaining Arbitration, and Fringe Benefits,” Journal of Labor Research, VI(1985).20.Guasch, J. Luis, and Andrew Weiss, “Self-Selection in the Labor Market,” American Economic Review, June(1981).21.Heneman, Herbert G., Ⅲ, Donald P, Schwab, John A. Fossum, and Lee D. Dyer, Personnel / Human Resource Management, Richard D. Irwin, Inc., (1983).22.“Hewitt Notes Growth in Flexible Benefit Programs,” Employee Beniefit Plan Review, May(1986).23.Kenney, Suzanne M., “How to Cure Employee Flexophobia,” Personnel, February(1986).24.Lazear, Edward P., “ Agency, Earnings Profiles, Productivity, and Hours Restrictions,” American Economic Review, 71(1981).25.Lazear, Edward P,. and Robert L. Moore, “Incentive, Productivity, And Labor Contracts,,” Quarterly Journal of Economic, (1984).26.Leonesi, Micharel V., “In-kind Transfers and Work Incentives,” Jouenal of Labor Economics, 6(1988).27.Milkovich, George T., and Michael Delaney, “ A Note on Cafeteria Pay plans,” Industrial Relations, February(1975),28.Mitchell, Olivia S., :Fringe Benefits and Labor Mobility,” The Journal of Human Resources, XV Ⅱ(1982).29.Mookherjee, Dilip,. “Involuntary unemployment and Worker Self-selection, “Journal of Economic Theory, 45(1988), pp. 171-188;30.Moore John, “Optimal Labour Contracts When Workers have a Variety of Privately Observed Reservation Wage,” Review of Economic Studies, LⅡ(1985), pp.37-67;31.Murphy, Kevin J., “Incentives, learning, and compensation: a Theoretical and Empirical Investigation of Monagenal Labor Contracts,” Rand Journal of Economics, 17(1986, pp. 59-76;32.Myerson, Roger B., “Optimal Auction Design,” Mathematics of Operations Research, 6(1982), pp.58-73.33.Nichols, Albert L., and Richard J. Zeckhauser, “Targeting Transfers Through Restrictions on Recipients”, AEA Papers and Proceedings, 72(1982).34.Organ, Dennis W., and Thomas Bateman, Organizational Behavior, Texas: Business Publication, (1986).35.Rowland, Kendrith M. and Gernald R. Feris, Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, Illinois: Jai Press Inc., 3 (1985).36.Rudin, W., Principles of Mathematical Analysis, 3rd.37.Ryland, Elisabeth K., and Benson Rosen, “Attracting Job Applicants With Flexible Benefits,“ Personnel, March(1988).38.Salop Joanne and Steven Salop,” Self-selection and Turnover in The Labor Market,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, (1976).39.Stacy, Adler, “New Flex Software Lures Smaller Firms,” Business Insurance, May 30(1988).40.Tane, Lance D., “Resources Issues in Mergers,” Topics in Total Compensation, Spring(1988).41.Tane, Lance D., The Three Levels of Benefits Communication,” Personnel Journal, March(1987), Tuyl, Paul Van,” Communications: Key to a Successful 401(k) Plan,” Personnel, March/April(1984).42.Winkler, Donald R., “The effects of Sick-Leave Policy on Teacher Absenteeism,” Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 33(1980).43Wiseman, Mark G., “An Overview of Flexible Compensation,” Topics in Total Compensation, Fall(1987). zh_TW
