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題名 不同訊息的目標設定對內在動機的影響
作者 林文蘭
貢獻者 陳彰儀
林文蘭
日期 1989
1988
上傳時間 3-May-2016 14:17:14 (UTC+8)
摘要 摘要
     認知評價理論（cognitive evaluation theory）認為個人行為的自我控制感以及能力感會影響內在動機。本研究的目的即是探討在相同目標下不同的目標訊息(能力訊息與控制訊息)會如何影響個體的內在動機。
     本研究採用實驗法，研究的樣本是政治大學學生99名，受試被隨機分派到三個實驗組(這三組受試需完成的目標相同，但是他們得到的目標訊息不同，分別為無其它訊息、能力訊息與控制訊息)和一個控制組(沒有設定目標)，實驗作業為七巧板拼圖，每一位受試皆做作業15分鐘，然後測量其內在動機，內在動機的指標有三個：態度測量(受試對作業的興趣以及喜好程度)和行為測量(實驗結束後的休息期間，受試繼續做作業的時間)。
     實驗結果採用二因子變異數及Dunn的事前考驗分析，分析時每一個實驗組又區分為達到目標和未達到目標兩組，然後進行一些統計檢驗。結果顯示：(1)控制訊息組受試，不論目標達到與否，其內在動機均較控制組受試低(2)無其它訊息組與能力訊息組受試，不論達到目標與否，其內在動機均與控制組受試無差異。最後本研究以認知評價理論把結果加以討論。
參考文獻 參考書目
     林清山(民65)心理與教育統計學。台北:東華出版社。
     裘友善(民75)目標難度對工作表現的影響。師範大學教研所博士論文。
     陳淑娟(民76 )過度辨正效果之研究- -酬賞種類、酬賞方式與認知發展階段對內在動機的影響。政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。
     Amabile, T. M., Dejong, W., &Lepper, M. R. (1976). Effects of externally imposed deadlines on subsequent intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 92-98.
     Deci, E. L. (1971). Effects of externally mediated rewards on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 18, 105-115.
     Deci, E. L. (1972a). Intrinsic motivation, extrinsic reinforcement, and inequity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 22, 113-120.
     Deci, E. L. (1972b). The effects of contingent and noncontingent rewards and controls on intrinsic motivation. Organizational Behavior And Human Performance, 8, 217-229.
     Deci, E. L. (1975). Notes on the theory and metatheory of intrinsic motivation. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 15, 130-145.
     Eirk, R. E. (1982). Experimental design (2nd ed) Monterey, California 93940: Brooks/coal
     Publishing Company.
     Enzie, M. E., &Ross, J. M. (1978). Increasing and decreasing interest with contingent rewards: a test of cognitive evaluation theory. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 14, 588-597.
     Eres, M., &Zidon, I. (1984). Effect of goal acceptance on the relationship of goal difficulty to performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69, 69-78.
     Garland, H. (1982). Goal levels and task performance: a compelling replication of some compelling results. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67, 245-248.
     Hirst, M.K. (1988). Intrinsic motivation as influenced by task interdependence and goal setting. Journal of Applied Psychology, 73, 96-101.
     Latham, G. P., &Erez, M., &Locke, E. A. (1988). Resolutioning scientific disputes by the joint desing of crucial experiments by the antagonists : application to the Erez-Latham disputs regarding participation in goal setting. Journal of Applied Psychology (monograph).
     Latham, G. P., &Yuki, G. A. (1975). A review of research on the application of goal setting in organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 824-845.
     Locke, E. A. (1968). Toward a theory of task motivation and incentives. Organization Behavior and Human Performance, 3, 157-189.
     Locke, E. A. (1982). Relation of goal performance with a short work period multiple goal levels. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67, 512-514.
     Locke, E. A., Saari, M. L., Shaw, K. N., &Latham, G. P. (1981). Goal setting and task performance: 1969-1980. Psychological Bulletin, 90, 125-152.
     Maderlink, G., &Harackiewiez, J. M. (1984). Proximal versus distal goal setting and intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 918-928.
     Mento, J. A., Steel, P. R., &Karren, J. R. (1987). A meta-analytic study of the effects of goal setting on task performance : 1966-1984. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 39, 52-83.
     Mossholder, K. W. (1980). Effects of externally mediated goal setting on intrinsic motivation: a laboratory experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65, 202 - 210 .
     Phillips, J.S., &Freedman, S. M. (1988). The task related competency and compliance aspects of goal setting: a clarification. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 41, 34-49 .
     Ryan, R. M. (1982). Control and information in intrapersonal sphere: an extention of cognitive evaluation theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 450-461.
     Ryan, R. M., Mims, V., &Koestner, R. (1983). Relation of reward contingency and interpersonal context to intrinsic motivation: a review and test using cognitive evaluation theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 736-750.
     Rosnfield, D., Folger, R., &Adelman, H. F. (1980). When rewards reflect competence : a qualification of over-justication effect. Journal of Personality and Social Pshcology, 39, 368-276.
     Shally, E. C., & Oldham, G. R. (1985). Effects of goal difficulty and expected external evaluation on intrinsic motivation: a laboratory study. Academy of Management Journal, 28, 628-640.
     Shalley, E. C., Oldham, R. G., &Porac, F. J. (1987). Effects of goal difficulty, goal-setting method, and expected external evaluation on intrinsic motivation. Academy of Management Journal, 30, 553-563.
     Steers, R. M., &Porter, L. W. (1974). The role of task goal attributes in employee performance. Psychological Bulletin, 81, 434-452.
     Tubbs, M. E. (1986). Goal setting: a meta-analytic examination of the empirical evidence. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 474-483.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
心理學系
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002005531
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 陳彰儀zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林文蘭zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 林文蘭zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 1989en_US
dc.date (日期) 1988en_US
dc.date.accessioned 3-May-2016 14:17:14 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 3-May-2016 14:17:14 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-May-2016 14:17:14 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) B2002005531en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/90179-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 心理學系zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 摘要
     認知評價理論（cognitive evaluation theory）認為個人行為的自我控制感以及能力感會影響內在動機。本研究的目的即是探討在相同目標下不同的目標訊息(能力訊息與控制訊息)會如何影響個體的內在動機。
     本研究採用實驗法，研究的樣本是政治大學學生99名，受試被隨機分派到三個實驗組(這三組受試需完成的目標相同，但是他們得到的目標訊息不同，分別為無其它訊息、能力訊息與控制訊息)和一個控制組(沒有設定目標)，實驗作業為七巧板拼圖，每一位受試皆做作業15分鐘，然後測量其內在動機，內在動機的指標有三個：態度測量(受試對作業的興趣以及喜好程度)和行為測量(實驗結束後的休息期間，受試繼續做作業的時間)。
     實驗結果採用二因子變異數及Dunn的事前考驗分析，分析時每一個實驗組又區分為達到目標和未達到目標兩組，然後進行一些統計檢驗。結果顯示：(1)控制訊息組受試，不論目標達到與否，其內在動機均較控制組受試低(2)無其它訊息組與能力訊息組受試，不論達到目標與否，其內在動機均與控制組受試無差異。最後本研究以認知評價理論把結果加以討論。		zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 目錄
     第一章 導論………1
     第一節 研究動機與目的………1
     第二節 文獻探討………3
     第三節 研究問題與假設………19
     第二章 研究方法………25
     第一節 研究對象………25
     第二節 實驗工具………25
     第三節 主試………27
     第四節 研究設計………28
     第五節 實驗程序………30
     第六節 統計方法………37
     第三章 研究結果………39
     第一節 有關操弄變項的檢驗………39
     第二節 各組受試在內在動機(態度)測量上的分析………48
     第三節 各組受試在內在動機(行為)測量上的分析………51
     第四節 不同依變項測量結果間的關係………53
     第五節 結論………54
     第四章 討論與建議………55
     第一節 討論………55
     第二節 檢討與建議………60
     參考書目………65
     附錄A 實驗作業………70
     附錄B 問卷………76
     
     圖表目次
     圖1-1 研究設計圖………22
     圖2-1 實驗室佈置圖………33
     表3-1 不同目標訊息各組受試在控制之覺上的變異數分析摘要表………42
     表3-2 不同目標訊息各組受試在控制知覺上的人數、平均數與標準差………43
     表3-3 不同目標訊息各組受試在控制知覺上的多重比較結果………43
     表3-4 不同目標訊息各組受試在能力回饋知覺的變異數分析摘要表………44
     表3-5 不同目標訊息各組受試在能力回饋知覺上的人數、平均數與標準差………45
     表3-6 不同目標訊息各組受試在能力回饋知覺的多重比較結果………45
     表3-7 不同目標訊息達到否各組受試在能力知覺的變異數分析摘要表………46
     表3-8 不同目標訊息達到否各組受試在能力知覺上的人數、平均數與標準差………47
     表3-9 不同目標訊息達到否各組受試在能力知覺上的多重比較結果………47
     表3-10 不同訊息目標與目標達到否各組受試在內在動機(態度)測量上的二因子變異數分析摘要表………49
     表3-11 不同訊息目標與目標達到否各組以及控制組受試在內在動機(態度)測量上的人數、平數均與標準差………51
     表3-12 不同訊息目標與目標達到否各組受試在內在動機(行為)測量上的二因子變異數分析摘要表………52
     表3-13 不同訊息目標與目標達到否各組以及控制組受試在內在動機(行為)測量上的人數、平數均與標準差………53		zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002005531en_US
dc.title (題名) 不同訊息的目標設定對內在動機的影響zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 參考書目
     林清山(民65)心理與教育統計學。台北:東華出版社。
     裘友善(民75)目標難度對工作表現的影響。師範大學教研所博士論文。
     陳淑娟(民76 )過度辨正效果之研究- -酬賞種類、酬賞方式與認知發展階段對內在動機的影響。政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。
     Amabile, T. M., Dejong, W., &Lepper, M. R. (1976). Effects of externally imposed deadlines on subsequent intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 92-98.
     Deci, E. L. (1971). Effects of externally mediated rewards on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 18, 105-115.
     Deci, E. L. (1972a). Intrinsic motivation, extrinsic reinforcement, and inequity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 22, 113-120.
     Deci, E. L. (1972b). The effects of contingent and noncontingent rewards and controls on intrinsic motivation. Organizational Behavior And Human Performance, 8, 217-229.
     Deci, E. L. (1975). Notes on the theory and metatheory of intrinsic motivation. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 15, 130-145.
     Eirk, R. E. (1982). Experimental design (2nd ed) Monterey, California 93940: Brooks/coal
     Publishing Company.
     Enzie, M. E., &Ross, J. M. (1978). Increasing and decreasing interest with contingent rewards: a test of cognitive evaluation theory. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 14, 588-597.
     Eres, M., &Zidon, I. (1984). Effect of goal acceptance on the relationship of goal difficulty to performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69, 69-78.
     Garland, H. (1982). Goal levels and task performance: a compelling replication of some compelling results. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67, 245-248.
     Hirst, M.K. (1988). Intrinsic motivation as influenced by task interdependence and goal setting. Journal of Applied Psychology, 73, 96-101.
     Latham, G. P., &Erez, M., &Locke, E. A. (1988). Resolutioning scientific disputes by the joint desing of crucial experiments by the antagonists : application to the Erez-Latham disputs regarding participation in goal setting. Journal of Applied Psychology (monograph).
     Latham, G. P., &Yuki, G. A. (1975). A review of research on the application of goal setting in organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 824-845.
     Locke, E. A. (1968). Toward a theory of task motivation and incentives. Organization Behavior and Human Performance, 3, 157-189.
     Locke, E. A. (1982). Relation of goal performance with a short work period multiple goal levels. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67, 512-514.
     Locke, E. A., Saari, M. L., Shaw, K. N., &Latham, G. P. (1981). Goal setting and task performance: 1969-1980. Psychological Bulletin, 90, 125-152.
     Maderlink, G., &Harackiewiez, J. M. (1984). Proximal versus distal goal setting and intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 918-928.
     Mento, J. A., Steel, P. R., &Karren, J. R. (1987). A meta-analytic study of the effects of goal setting on task performance : 1966-1984. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 39, 52-83.
     Mossholder, K. W. (1980). Effects of externally mediated goal setting on intrinsic motivation: a laboratory experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65, 202 - 210 .
     Phillips, J.S., &Freedman, S. M. (1988). The task related competency and compliance aspects of goal setting: a clarification. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 41, 34-49 .
     Ryan, R. M. (1982). Control and information in intrapersonal sphere: an extention of cognitive evaluation theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 450-461.
     Ryan, R. M., Mims, V., &Koestner, R. (1983). Relation of reward contingency and interpersonal context to intrinsic motivation: a review and test using cognitive evaluation theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 736-750.
     Rosnfield, D., Folger, R., &Adelman, H. F. (1980). When rewards reflect competence : a qualification of over-justication effect. Journal of Personality and Social Pshcology, 39, 368-276.
     Shally, E. C., & Oldham, G. R. (1985). Effects of goal difficulty and expected external evaluation on intrinsic motivation: a laboratory study. Academy of Management Journal, 28, 628-640.
     Shalley, E. C., Oldham, R. G., &Porac, F. J. (1987). Effects of goal difficulty, goal-setting method, and expected external evaluation on intrinsic motivation. Academy of Management Journal, 30, 553-563.
     Steers, R. M., &Porter, L. W. (1974). The role of task goal attributes in employee performance. Psychological Bulletin, 81, 434-452.
     Tubbs, M. E. (1986). Goal setting: a meta-analytic examination of the empirical evidence. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 474-483.		zh_TW