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題名 創業環境與創業動機之實證研究
作者 林明哲
貢獻者 司徒達賢
林明哲
日期 1989
上傳時間 4-May-2016 14:20:01 (UTC+8)
摘要 論文提要
本研究論文共計壹冊，全文共五章一百餘頁。各章節之內容摘要如下:
第一章：緒論。說明研究動機、範圍及目的。本論文從創業家的需求面，來探討問題的成因。在內在方面，從了解創業主創業的背後動機著手，探討台灣中小企業比例之高的真正成因；在外在方面，了解創業主對於創業環境的各個主要構面的知覺強度，及創業動機對創業家的環境知覺強度，是否有影響。研究範圍以中華民國臺灣地區的創業家為主。
第二章：文獻探討。有關創業家的理論，大致上有四方面的研究取向。心理學取向：創業家被視為獨立的行事者；社會文化取向：創業家被認為受制於社會結構；網路取向：創業家被視為人際關係的展現；創業環境取向：創業家視為政策激勵下的產物。
第三章：研究方法。說明本研究之設計、抽樣、分析方法及限制。在分析方法上、本研究計採：1.因素分析－抽取及創業動機，創業環境的因素，以縮減構面。2.集羣分析－利用因素分析所抽取之的因素為基礎，劃分不同的動機集羣。3.卡方檢定－檢定動機集羣與個人背景間的差異。4.單因子變異數分析－檢定各環境因素在動機集羣上是否差異。5.雪費事業後檢定－檢定各集羣彼此之間的差異。
第四章：研究結果。1.動機集羣分不滿意創業家、物質主義創業定、與自我實現創業家。2.個人背景與動機集羣在所得水準上有顯著差異。3.環境面各因素以生產因素掌握程度，私人資金來源與場地的可取得程度較高，而以優惠措施與政府的補助輔導最為取得。4.不同的動機集羣各環境因素上的可取得程度並無顯著不同。5.從前服務機構所獲知識，有助於創業家在創業時，對軟體創業資源的取得，而東部地區的創業家的可取得程度要高於其他三區。
第五章：結論與建議。首先將分析結果彙總，其次根據分析的結果，提出相關之建議，最後則提出對未來後續研究之建議。
參考文獻 參考書目
1:司徒達賢等-編著，企業概論，教育部：國立空中大學印行，75年10月。
2:喬治‧紀爾德，劉國源譯，創業精神，長河出版社。
3:中小企素經濟活動報告〈七十五年度)，中小企業處編印，76年12月。
4:彼得‧杜拉克，蕭富峰譯，創業與創業精神，(台北:長河出版社，民國七十五年)。
5.黃俊英，行銷研究──管理與技術(台北:華泰書局，民國七十六年)。
6.張春興等，心理學，(台北:三民書局，民國七十三年三月六版)。
7: Adam, Smith, The Wealth of Nation, 1776.
8: Alan L. Carsrud, L. W.Olml, and G.G. Eddy, The Art and Science of Entrepreneurship. (Cambridge, Masschusetts: Ballinger Publishing, 1986), pp.367.
9: Aldrich, Howard, and Zimmer. Catherine,Entrepreneurship Through Social Networks. The Art and Science of Entrepreneurship (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Ballinger Prblishing,1986), pp.2-23.
10: Brennre, Reuven. , " National Po1icy and Entrepreneurship : The Stateman`s dilemma", Journal of Business Venturing,2(2),(1987), pp.95-101 .
11: Birley, Sue., "The Role of Networks in the Entrepreneurial Process", Journal of Business Venturing, 1(1), (1985),pp.
12: B .W. Keats "Toward a Theory of Small Firm Performance: A Conceptual Model American Journal of Small Business, (Spring, 1988).
13: C.Borland, "Locus of Control, Need for Achievment and Entrepreneurship", University of Texas at Austin, (1974).
14: Cooper, Arnold C., and Dunkelberg, William C. " Entrepreneurial Research: Old Questions, New Answers, and Methodological Issues", American Journal of Small Business, 11(3) , (1987), pp.
15: Cochran, Thomas C., The Entrepreneurial History. 3(1),(1965), pp. 25-38.
16: D.C. McClelland, The Achieving Society Princeton, N.J.: D. Van Nostrand, 1961.
17:D. Berlew, "The Nature of Entrepreneurs, "Proceedings of Project ISEED. Sponsored by The Ohio Entrepreneurship Office, Columbus, Ohio,(1975), pp. 42-44.
18: Gibson. James L., Ivancevich, John M, and Donnelly, James M. , Organizations,(Plano, Texas: Business Publications,Inc., 1982).
19: Gartner, William B., "A Conceptual Framework for Describing the Phenomenon of New Venture Creation", Academy of Management Review, 10 (4), (1985).
20: Hoselitz, B. F . , "Entrepreneurship and economic growth, " American Journal of Economic Sociology, 23 (Spring 1970).
21: Hagen, Everett , E. , "The Entrepreneur as Rebel Against Traditional society", Human Organization, 19(4), (1960).
22: J. S. Mill, Principles of Political Economy with Some Applications to Social Philosophy (London: John W. Parker, 1848), P.32.
23: J.A. Schumpeter, The Theory of Economic Development, (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass, 1934), P.56.
24: J. A. Timmons, The Art and Science of Entrepreneurship. (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Ballinger Pub1ishing 1986), p.223 .
25: J.W. Carland, F. Hoy, W.R. Boulton and J.C. Carland, " Differenfiating Entrepreneurs for Small Business Owners: A Conceptualizasion", Academy of Management Review 9:2 (1984), pp.354-359.
26: J. A. Hornaday and J. Aboud, " Characterizations of Successful Entrepreneurs " , Personnel Psychology 24 (1971).
27: J.B. Rotter, "Generalized Expectations for Internal Versus External Control of Reinforcement, "Psychological Monographs 80 (1966), P609.
28: John V. Petrof , " Entrepreneurial Profile: A Discriminate Analysis", Journal of Small Business Management 19:4(October 1981) : 13-17.
29: J.A. Welsh and J ,F.White, "Converging on Characteristics of Eetrepreneurs", in K,H, Vesper, ed., Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research (Wellesley, Mass: 1981) pp.504-15,
30: Knight, Frank. Risk Uncertainty, and Profit, (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1921).
31: Kirzner, Israel, Competition and Entrepreneurship (Chicago: The University of Chicago press, 1973), p.23.
32: Kets de Vries , Manfred F.R. , & Miller, Danny, "Neurotic Style and Organizational Pathology", Strategic Management Journal, 5 (1984).
33: MacMillan, Ian C., "The Politics of New Venture Management", HBR, (Nov-Dec, 1983), pp. 8-16.
34: Max S.Wortman, "A Unified Framwork", The Art and Science of Entrepreneurship, ( Cambridge, Massachusetts: Ballinger Publishing ,1986), pp.223-239,
35: Miner, J.B. Limited domain theories of organizational energy, In Pinder, C.C. & Moore, L.F. (Eds. ), Middle range theory and the study of organizations,(Boston, MA: Martinus Nijhoff Publishing,1980).
36: N. Kogan M.A. Wallach,Risk Taking (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston,1964).
37: P. Shrivastava , " Entrepreneurship and Social Progress in Developing Countries", (New York University working paper, 1987), p.3.
38: Pyong Gap Min and Charles Jaret, "Korean Immigrants` Success in Small Business : Some Cultural Explanations", Department of Sociology, Georgia State University , (1984).
39: Porn Ganguly, "Births and Death of Firms in the UK in 1980", British Business 29,(1982).
40: Robert A. Peterson and Gerald Albaum, Corporate Creativity, (New York:Poaeger Publishers, 1984), p.23.
41: R.H. Brockhaus and W.R. Nord, "An Exploration of Factors Affecting the Entrepreneurial Picision: Personal Characteristics VS, Environmental Conditions", Proceedings of the National Academy of Management, 1979.
42: Roger Waldinger, "Immigrant Enterprise and Labor Market Structure", Working paper,Joint Center for Urban Studies, MIT and Harvard, (1982).
43: Sexton, Donald L, and Bowman, Nancy, The Entrepreeneur: A Capable Executive and More. Journal of Business Venturing, 1(1), (1985), pp.129-140.
44: Schere, J., Tolerance of Ambiguity as a Discriminating Variables Between Entrepreneurs and Managers. Academy of Management Proceedings, (1982), p406.
45 Smith, N.R. The Entrepreneur and His Firm: The Relationship Between Type of Man and Type of Company. Michigan State University, (1967).
46: Stanworth , M. I. K., and Curran, J.,"Growth and Small firm-an alternative view", Journal of Management Studies, 13(1976), pp.95-110.
47: Schein, Edgar H., " The Role of the founder in Creating Organizational Culture", Organizational Dynamics. 12(1), (1983), pp.13-28.
48: Shapero, Albert, and Sokol, Lisa., The Social Dimensions of Entrepreneurship, Encyclepedia of Entrepreneurship, (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall,1982),pp. 72-88.
49: Vesper, Karl., New Venture Strategies,(Englewood Cliffs. New Jersey: Prentice - Hall, 1980).
50: Webster, F.A., " Entrepreneurs and Ventures: An Affempt at Classification and Clarification", Academy of Management Review, 2 (1977), PP. 54-6l.
51: Weber, Max, The Protestant Ethic and the spirit of Capitalism, (New York: Scribner`s, 1930).
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
企業管理學系
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002005571
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 司徒達賢zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林明哲zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 林明哲zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 1989en_US
dc.date.accessioned 4-May-2016 14:20:01 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 4-May-2016 14:20:01 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 4-May-2016 14:20:01 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) B2002005571en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/90389-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 企業管理學系zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 論文提要
本研究論文共計壹冊，全文共五章一百餘頁。各章節之內容摘要如下:
第一章：緒論。說明研究動機、範圍及目的。本論文從創業家的需求面，來探討問題的成因。在內在方面，從了解創業主創業的背後動機著手，探討台灣中小企業比例之高的真正成因；在外在方面，了解創業主對於創業環境的各個主要構面的知覺強度，及創業動機對創業家的環境知覺強度，是否有影響。研究範圍以中華民國臺灣地區的創業家為主。
第二章：文獻探討。有關創業家的理論，大致上有四方面的研究取向。心理學取向：創業家被視為獨立的行事者；社會文化取向：創業家被認為受制於社會結構；網路取向：創業家被視為人際關係的展現；創業環境取向：創業家視為政策激勵下的產物。
第三章：研究方法。說明本研究之設計、抽樣、分析方法及限制。在分析方法上、本研究計採：1.因素分析－抽取及創業動機，創業環境的因素，以縮減構面。2.集羣分析－利用因素分析所抽取之的因素為基礎，劃分不同的動機集羣。3.卡方檢定－檢定動機集羣與個人背景間的差異。4.單因子變異數分析－檢定各環境因素在動機集羣上是否差異。5.雪費事業後檢定－檢定各集羣彼此之間的差異。
第四章：研究結果。1.動機集羣分不滿意創業家、物質主義創業定、與自我實現創業家。2.個人背景與動機集羣在所得水準上有顯著差異。3.環境面各因素以生產因素掌握程度，私人資金來源與場地的可取得程度較高，而以優惠措施與政府的補助輔導最為取得。4.不同的動機集羣各環境因素上的可取得程度並無顯著不同。5.從前服務機構所獲知識，有助於創業家在創業時，對軟體創業資源的取得，而東部地區的創業家的可取得程度要高於其他三區。
第五章：結論與建議。首先將分析結果彙總，其次根據分析的結果，提出相關之建議，最後則提出對未來後續研究之建議。		zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 目錄
第一章 緒論
第一節 研究動機………p.1
第二節 研究範圍………p.8
第三節 研究目的………p.9
第四節 研究架構………p.10
本章註解………p.11
第二章 文獻探討與理論基礎
第一節 創業家的古典理論………p.13
第二節 創業家的定義與爭議………p.14
第三節 心理學的理論………p.16
第四節 社會文化的影響………p.21
第五節 網路………p.23
第六節 創業環境………p.25
第七節 對各學說的意見………p.27
第八節 創業家研究的未來方向………p.29
第九節 本章小結………p.34
本章註解………p.36
第三章 研究方法
第一節 研究設計………p.46
第二節 研究假設………p.47
第三節 問卷設計與內容………p.48
第四節 統計方法處理流程………p.51
第五節 抽樣設計與資料收集………p.54
第六節 分析方法………p.54
第七節 信度………p.55
第八節 研究限制………p.55
本章註解………p.57
第四章 研究結果
第一節 創業動機型態的集羣………p.61
第二節 個人背景與動機型態集羣………p.70.
第三節 資源結構、獎勵措施的差異比較分析………p.73
第四節 資源結構與獎勵措施的因素分析………p.77
第五節 創業動機集羣對環境的知覺強度分析………p.82
第六節 環境因素在工作經驗、事業背景上的變異數分析………p.84
本章註解………p.90
第五章 結論與建議
第一節 分析結果之彙總與建議………p.91
第二節 對後續研究的建議………p.100
本章註解………p.102
參考書目………p.103
問卷

圖表目錄
附圖目錄
圖1-1 本研究之研究架構………p.10
圖2-1 新事業形成:趨力理論………p.30
圖2-2 創業研究的整合架構………p.32
圖2-3 創業績效的研究架構………p.33
團3-1 本研究之統計方法處理流程………p.53
附表目錄
附表1-1 企業家數及中小企業比率………p.2
附表1-2 雇用員工數及比率………p.4
附表1-3 中小企業產值及比率………p.5
附表1-4 中小企業註銷歇業比率………p.6
附表1-5 中華民國與美國企業失敗比率………p.7
附表4-1 動機類型因素1 之內容………p.62
附表4-2 動機類型因素2 之內容………p.62
附表4-3 動機類型因素3 之內容………p.63
附表4-4 動機類型因素4 之內容………p.63
附表4-5 動機類型因素5 之內容………p.64
附表4-6 動機類型因素6 之內容………p.64
附表4-7 動機類型因素7 之內容………p.64
附表4-8 動機類型因素8 之內容………p.65
附表4-9 動機類型因素9 之內容………p.65
附表4-10 動機類型因素10 之內容………p.65
附表4-11 各集羣在動機類型因素上之平均值及命名………p.67
附表4-12 各動機類型因素在動機集羣上的變異數分析………p.69
附表4-13 年齡別在各集羣間之卡方檢定………p.70
附表4-14 宗教別在各集羣間之卡方檢定………p.71
附表4-15 家庭背景在各集羣間之卡方檢定………p.71
附表4-16 教育背景在各集羣間之卡方檢定………p.72
時表4-17 目前所得別在各集羣間之卡方檢定………p.72
附表4-18 資源結構、獎勵措施的差異性檢定………p.74
附表4-19 環境因素1 之內容………p.78
附表4-20 環境因素2 之內容………p.79
附表4-21 環境因素3 之內容………p.79
附表4-22 環境因素4 之內容………p.81
附表4-23 環境因素5 之內容………p.81
附表4-24 環境因素6 之內容………p.81
附表4-25 環境因素7 之內容………p.81
附表4-26 環境因素8 之內容………p.81
附表4-27 環境因素9 之內容………p.81
附表4-28 環境因素在創業動機集羣上之變異數分析………p.82
附表4-29 環境因素在幫助程度上之變異數分析………p.84
附表4-30 幫助程度間「軟體創業資源」因素雪費檢定表………p.85
的表4-31 環境因素在不同地區別上的變異數分析………p.86
附表4-32 不同地區間「軟體創業資源」雪費檢定表………p.87
附表4-33 不同地區間「優急措施」雪費檢定表………p.87
附表4-34 環境因素在不同發展階段上的變異數分析………p.88		zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002005571en_US
dc.title (題名) 創業環境與創業動機之實證研究zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 參考書目
1:司徒達賢等-編著，企業概論，教育部：國立空中大學印行，75年10月。
2:喬治‧紀爾德，劉國源譯，創業精神，長河出版社。
3:中小企素經濟活動報告〈七十五年度)，中小企業處編印，76年12月。
4:彼得‧杜拉克，蕭富峰譯，創業與創業精神，(台北:長河出版社，民國七十五年)。
5.黃俊英，行銷研究──管理與技術(台北:華泰書局，民國七十六年)。
6.張春興等，心理學，(台北:三民書局，民國七十三年三月六版)。
7: Adam, Smith, The Wealth of Nation, 1776.
8: Alan L. Carsrud, L. W.Olml, and G.G. Eddy, The Art and Science of Entrepreneurship. (Cambridge, Masschusetts: Ballinger Publishing, 1986), pp.367.
9: Aldrich, Howard, and Zimmer. Catherine,Entrepreneurship Through Social Networks. The Art and Science of Entrepreneurship (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Ballinger Prblishing,1986), pp.2-23.
10: Brennre, Reuven. , " National Po1icy and Entrepreneurship : The Stateman`s dilemma", Journal of Business Venturing,2(2),(1987), pp.95-101 .
11: Birley, Sue., "The Role of Networks in the Entrepreneurial Process", Journal of Business Venturing, 1(1), (1985),pp.
12: B .W. Keats "Toward a Theory of Small Firm Performance: A Conceptual Model American Journal of Small Business, (Spring, 1988).
13: C.Borland, "Locus of Control, Need for Achievment and Entrepreneurship", University of Texas at Austin, (1974).
14: Cooper, Arnold C., and Dunkelberg, William C. " Entrepreneurial Research: Old Questions, New Answers, and Methodological Issues", American Journal of Small Business, 11(3) , (1987), pp.
15: Cochran, Thomas C., The Entrepreneurial History. 3(1),(1965), pp. 25-38.
16: D.C. McClelland, The Achieving Society Princeton, N.J.: D. Van Nostrand, 1961.
17:D. Berlew, "The Nature of Entrepreneurs, "Proceedings of Project ISEED. Sponsored by The Ohio Entrepreneurship Office, Columbus, Ohio,(1975), pp. 42-44.
18: Gibson. James L., Ivancevich, John M, and Donnelly, James M. , Organizations,(Plano, Texas: Business Publications,Inc., 1982).
19: Gartner, William B., "A Conceptual Framework for Describing the Phenomenon of New Venture Creation", Academy of Management Review, 10 (4), (1985).
20: Hoselitz, B. F . , "Entrepreneurship and economic growth, " American Journal of Economic Sociology, 23 (Spring 1970).
21: Hagen, Everett , E. , "The Entrepreneur as Rebel Against Traditional society", Human Organization, 19(4), (1960).
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