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題名 資訊量與資訊多元化對決策品質的影響--結構性決策之研究 作者 周宜君 貢獻者 鄭丁旺
周宜君日期 1989 上傳時間 4-May-2016 14:22:34 (UTC+8) 摘要 論文提要管理會計資訊系統的目的的在協助經理人員作品縝密的決策,故其最重要部分應是系統與經理人之間的介面,對經理人而言,只有系統--使用者介面是系統中有意義的部分,本論文研究之的即在探討結構性決策中,管理會計資訊與使用者之關係,以增進對於人類做為資訊處理者的了解,提供介面設計之指引。本論文研究之自變數為:資訊量(無向度的純量)、資訊多元化(複雜、簡要)及學習三者,應變數為決策品質(決策正確率、決策時間)。受試者116位,可供分析問卷106份,由大同工學院企業經營管理研究所、工業技術學院工業管理研究所、中興大學企業管理研究所、淡江大學金融研究所、政治大學企業管理研究所等五所研究生協助完成。本研究對資訊負荷與學習效果對結構性決策工作之正確率的影響得到下列結論:(1)決策正確率與資訊量間在結構性決策中並未存有倒"U"形的曲線關係,但下降點在資訊量為1或2的水準業經證實(即本設計總資訊線索數在9或15間),與Schroder 等人之資訊負荷最適點在資訊量為10的結論相似。(2)高資訊量與高向度數會使決策正確率降低,其交互效果使高資訊量/高向度數的受試者之決策正確率最低。(3)透過高學習會提高決策正確率,抵銷資訊量與資訊多元化的影響。本研究對資訊負荷與學習效果對結構性決策工作之決策時間的影響得到下列結論:(1)決策時間與資訊量間在結構性決策中並未存有"U"形的曲線關係,且上升點在資訊量為0的水準(總資訊線索為6),而非資訊量水準1或2時(總資訊線索數在9或15間)(2)高資訊量與高向度數會使決策時間上升但其交互效果並不顯著。(3)透過高學習會減少決策時間,抵銷資訊多元化的影響。 參考文獻 參考文獻一、中文部份1.吳聰賢、楊國樞、李亦園、及文崇一編,社會及行為科學研究法,上冊,東華書局,民國七十七年十二月,十一版。2.林青山,心理及教育統計學,東華書局,民國七十七年二月十四版。3.洪碧霞、黃瑞煥、及陳婉玫合譯,認知心理學,復文圖書出版社,民國七十七年八月再版。4.郭煌常、杜紫宸合譯,管理資訊系統,儒林出版社,民國七十六年二月初版。5.陳兆宏,審計人員內部控制判斷行為之研究-透視模型之應用,台北:政大會計研究所碩士論文,民國七十七年。6.黃文和,認知型態對內部控制評估影響之研究,台北:政大會計研究所碩士論文,民國七十七年。7.廖思清,人類資訊處理在會計資訊系統設計上之應用研究,台北:政大會計研究所碩士論文,民國七十五年。二、英文部份1. Abdel-khalik, A. R. "The Effect of Aggregating Accounting Reports on the Quality of the Lending Decision: an Empirical Investigation." Supplement to Journal of Accounting Research (1973): 104-38.2. American Accounting Association Committee on Managerial Decision Models. "American Accounting Association Report of Committee on Managerial Decision Models." Supplement to the Accounting Review (1969): 42-76.3. Casey, C. J., Jr. "Variation in Accounting Information Load: The Effect on Loan Officers` Predictions of Bankruptcy." The Accounting Review (1980): 36-49.4. Conrad, R. "Errors of Immediate Memory." The British Journal of Psychology 50:4 (November 1959): 349-59.5. Crannell, C. W., and J. M. Parrish. "A Comparison of Immediate Memory Span for Digits, Letters and Words." The Journal of Psychology 44 (October 1957): 319-27.6. Dermer, J. D. "Cognitive Characteristics and the Perceived Importance of Information." The Accounting Review (July 1973): 511-697.7. Dickhaut, J. W. "Alternative Information Strucures and Probability Revisions." The Accounting Review (January 1973): 61-79.8. Driver, M. J., and Mock T.J. Mock. "Human Information Processing, Decision Style Theory, and Accounting Information Systems." The Accounting Review (July 1975): 490-508.9. Iselin E. R. "The Effects of Information Load and Information Dieversity on Decision Quality in a Structured Decision Task." Accounting, Organizations and Society Vol.13, No.2 (1988): 147-64.10. Jacoby J. "Information Load and Decision Quality: Some Contested Issues." Journal ofMarketing Research (November 1977): 569-73.11. ________., D.E. Spller, and C. Kohn-Berning. "Brand Choice Behavior as a Function of Information Load." Journal of Marketing Research (February 1974): 63-9.12. Libby, R., and B. L. Lewis. "Human Information Processing Research in Accounting: The State of the Art in 1982." Accounting, Organizations and Society vol.1.7, No.3 (1982):231-85.13. Lusk, E. J. "A Test of Differential Performance Peaking for a Disembedding Task," Journal of Accounting Research (Spring 1979):287-94.14. Mason, R. O., and Mitroff I. I. "A Program for Research on Management Information Systems." Management Science (January 1973):475-87.15. Mcghee W., Michael D. S., and J. G. Birnberg. "The Effects of Personality on a Subject`s Information Processing." The Accounting Review (July 1978): 681-97.16. Miller, G. A. " The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information." Psychological Review (March 1956): 81-97.17. Miller, H. "Environmental Complexity and Financial Reports." The Accounting Review (January 1972): 31-8.18. Revsine, L. "Data Expanson and Conceptua1 Structure." The Accounting Review (Octomber 1970): 704-11.19. Shields, M. D. "Some Effects of Information Load on Search Patterns Used to Analyze Performance Reports." Accounting, Organizations and Soiety Vol.5, No.4 (1980): 429-42.20. ________. "Effects of Information Supply and Demand on Judgment Accuracy: Evidence from Corporate Managers." The Accounting Review (April 1983): 284-303.21. Snowball, D. "Some Effects of Accounting Expertise and Information Load: an Empirical Study." Accounting, Organizations and Society Vol.5, No.3 (1980): 323-38.22. Streufert, S. "Complexity and Complex Decision Making: Convergences Between Differentiation and Integration Approaches to the Prediction of Task Performance." Journal of Experimental, Social, Psychology (1970): 494-509.23. ________. "Success and Response Rate in Complex Decision Making." Journal of Experimental, Social, Psychology (1972): 389-403.24. Streufert, S. C. "Effects of Information Relevance on Decision Making in Complex Environments." Memory & Cognition (1973): 224-28.25. Sutcliffe, J. P. "A general Method of Analysis of Frequency Data for Multiple Classification Decision." Psychological Bulltin Vol.54, No.2 (1957): 134-9.26. Vasarhelyi, M. A. "Man-Machine Planning Systems: a Cognitive Style Examination of Interactive Decision Making." Journal of Accounting Research (Spring 1977): 138-53.27. Weber, R. "Auditor Decision Making on Overall System Reliability: Accuracy, Consensus, and the Usefulness of a Simulation Decision Aid." Journal of Accounting Research (Autumn 1978): 368-88.28. Wilkie, W. L. "Analysis of Effects of Information Load." Journal of Marketing Research (November 1974): 462-66. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
會計學系資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002005769 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 鄭丁旺 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) 周宜君 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) 周宜君 zh_TW dc.date (日期) 1989 en_US dc.date.accessioned 4-May-2016 14:22:34 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 4-May-2016 14:22:34 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 4-May-2016 14:22:34 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) B2002005769 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/90455 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 會計學系 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 論文提要管理會計資訊系統的目的的在協助經理人員作品縝密的決策,故其最重要部分應是系統與經理人之間的介面,對經理人而言,只有系統--使用者介面是系統中有意義的部分,本論文研究之的即在探討結構性決策中,管理會計資訊與使用者之關係,以增進對於人類做為資訊處理者的了解,提供介面設計之指引。本論文研究之自變數為:資訊量(無向度的純量)、資訊多元化(複雜、簡要)及學習三者,應變數為決策品質(決策正確率、決策時間)。受試者116位,可供分析問卷106份,由大同工學院企業經營管理研究所、工業技術學院工業管理研究所、中興大學企業管理研究所、淡江大學金融研究所、政治大學企業管理研究所等五所研究生協助完成。本研究對資訊負荷與學習效果對結構性決策工作之正確率的影響得到下列結論:(1)決策正確率與資訊量間在結構性決策中並未存有倒"U"形的曲線關係,但下降點在資訊量為1或2的水準業經證實(即本設計總資訊線索數在9或15間),與Schroder 等人之資訊負荷最適點在資訊量為10的結論相似。(2)高資訊量與高向度數會使決策正確率降低,其交互效果使高資訊量/高向度數的受試者之決策正確率最低。(3)透過高學習會提高決策正確率,抵銷資訊量與資訊多元化的影響。本研究對資訊負荷與學習效果對結構性決策工作之決策時間的影響得到下列結論:(1)決策時間與資訊量間在結構性決策中並未存有"U"形的曲線關係,且上升點在資訊量為0的水準(總資訊線索為6),而非資訊量水準1或2時(總資訊線索數在9或15間)(2)高資訊量與高向度數會使決策時間上升但其交互效果並不顯著。(3)透過高學習會減少決策時間,抵銷資訊多元化的影響。 zh_TW dc.description.tableofcontents 目錄第一章 緒論………1第一節 研究動機與目的………1第二節 研究範圍………3第三節 研究假設………5第四節 論文結構………6第二章 文獻探討與研究假設……… 7第一節 人類資訊處理研究………8第二節 環境複雜性理論………11第三節 環境複雜性在會計上之意義………20第四節 資訊負荷與認知型態在會計上之實證研究………24第五節 資訊負荷在會計上之實證研究………28第六節 訊息處理模式………34第七節 假設之建立………38第三章 研究方法………41第一節 受試樣本………41第二節 研究工具………43第三節 自變數、應變數及操作定義………46第四節 施測程序………48第五節 研究分析架構………49第四章 研究結果………51第一節 決策經驗之檢定………51第二節 資訊量、資訊多元化與學習效果對決策正確率的影響………53第三節 資訊量、資訊多元化與學習效果對決策時間的影響………63第五章 結論及建議………73第一節 結論………73第二節 研究限制………75第三節 建議………77參考文獻………79附錄圖次圖2-1 資訊處理水準與環境複雜性的關係………13圖2-2 不同概念水準與環境複雜性關係………14圖2-3 整合決策數與資訊負荷之關係………16圖2-4 整合決策數與報償性資訊關係………18圖2-5 整合決策數與攸關資訊之關係………19圖2-6 概念結構與環境複雜性關係………21圖2-7 既定環境下之最高抽象概念水準圖………22圖2-8 各概念水準群自選環境下之最高抽象概念水準圖………23圖2-9 決策型態模式………25圖2-10 人類所具有之資訊處理系統………36圖3-1 統計分析架構─決策正確率之分析………49圖3-2 統計分析架構-決策時間之分析………50圖4-1 決策正確率與-資訊量之關係………56圖4-2 決策時間與資訊量之關係………67表次表2-1 Jacoby等人的矩陣式設計………29表2-2 Jacoby等人的資訊線索設計架構………29表2-3 Shields的資訊線索設計之架構………31表3-1 參加測試之各校研究生人數統計表………41表3-2 各校研究生受試問卷回收統計表………42表3-3 資訊量與資訊多元化設計表………45表4-1 決策正確率中的資訊量主效果分析表………54表4-2 資訊量之各處理水準組的變異數分析-應變數決策正確率………55表4-3 資訊量之各處理水準組間成對差異分析表-應變數決策正確………55表4-4 資訊量之各處理水準組間成對顯著性彙編-應變數決策正確率………56表4-5 決策正確率中的資訊多元化主效果分析表………57表4-6 學習主效果分析表-應變數決策正確率………58表4-7 資訊量、資訊向度、學習的交互效果分析-應變數決策正率………61表4-8 資訊量水準0與1兩組的變異數分析-應變數決策時間………64表4-9 資訊量水準1/2/3/4與資訊向度的變異數分析-應變數決策時間………65表4-10 資訊量之各處理水準組的變異數分析-應變數決策時間………65表4-11 資訊量之各處理水準組間成對差異分析表-應變數決策時間………66表4-12 資訊量之各處理水準組間成對顯著性彙編-應變數決策時間………67表4-13 資訊量水準0與1兩組的學習效果的變異數分析-應變數決策時間………68表4-14 資訊量水準1/2/3/4的學習效果的變異數分析-應變數決策時間………69表4-15 學習效果的變異數分析-應變數決策時間………70表4-16 資訊向度與學習之各處理水準組間成對顯著性彙編………70表4-17 資訊向度與學習之各處理水準組間成對差異分析表………71 zh_TW dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002005769 en_US dc.title (題名) 資訊量與資訊多元化對決策品質的影響--結構性決策之研究 zh_TW dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 參考文獻一、中文部份1.吳聰賢、楊國樞、李亦園、及文崇一編,社會及行為科學研究法,上冊,東華書局,民國七十七年十二月,十一版。2.林青山,心理及教育統計學,東華書局,民國七十七年二月十四版。3.洪碧霞、黃瑞煥、及陳婉玫合譯,認知心理學,復文圖書出版社,民國七十七年八月再版。4.郭煌常、杜紫宸合譯,管理資訊系統,儒林出版社,民國七十六年二月初版。5.陳兆宏,審計人員內部控制判斷行為之研究-透視模型之應用,台北:政大會計研究所碩士論文,民國七十七年。6.黃文和,認知型態對內部控制評估影響之研究,台北:政大會計研究所碩士論文,民國七十七年。7.廖思清,人類資訊處理在會計資訊系統設計上之應用研究,台北:政大會計研究所碩士論文,民國七十五年。二、英文部份1. Abdel-khalik, A. R. "The Effect of Aggregating Accounting Reports on the Quality of the Lending Decision: an Empirical Investigation." Supplement to Journal of Accounting Research (1973): 104-38.2. American Accounting Association Committee on Managerial Decision Models. "American Accounting Association Report of Committee on Managerial Decision Models." Supplement to the Accounting Review (1969): 42-76.3. Casey, C. J., Jr. "Variation in Accounting Information Load: The Effect on Loan Officers` Predictions of Bankruptcy." The Accounting Review (1980): 36-49.4. Conrad, R. "Errors of Immediate Memory." The British Journal of Psychology 50:4 (November 1959): 349-59.5. Crannell, C. W., and J. M. Parrish. "A Comparison of Immediate Memory Span for Digits, Letters and Words." The Journal of Psychology 44 (October 1957): 319-27.6. Dermer, J. D. "Cognitive Characteristics and the Perceived Importance of Information." The Accounting Review (July 1973): 511-697.7. Dickhaut, J. W. "Alternative Information Strucures and Probability Revisions." The Accounting Review (January 1973): 61-79.8. Driver, M. J., and Mock T.J. Mock. "Human Information Processing, Decision Style Theory, and Accounting Information Systems." The Accounting Review (July 1975): 490-508.9. Iselin E. R. "The Effects of Information Load and Information Dieversity on Decision Quality in a Structured Decision Task." Accounting, Organizations and Society Vol.13, No.2 (1988): 147-64.10. Jacoby J. "Information Load and Decision Quality: Some Contested Issues." Journal ofMarketing Research (November 1977): 569-73.11. ________., D.E. Spller, and C. Kohn-Berning. "Brand Choice Behavior as a Function of Information Load." Journal of Marketing Research (February 1974): 63-9.12. Libby, R., and B. L. Lewis. "Human Information Processing Research in Accounting: The State of the Art in 1982." Accounting, Organizations and Society vol.1.7, No.3 (1982):231-85.13. Lusk, E. J. "A Test of Differential Performance Peaking for a Disembedding Task," Journal of Accounting Research (Spring 1979):287-94.14. Mason, R. O., and Mitroff I. I. "A Program for Research on Management Information Systems." Management Science (January 1973):475-87.15. Mcghee W., Michael D. S., and J. G. Birnberg. "The Effects of Personality on a Subject`s Information Processing." The Accounting Review (July 1978): 681-97.16. Miller, G. A. " The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information." Psychological Review (March 1956): 81-97.17. Miller, H. "Environmental Complexity and Financial Reports." The Accounting Review (January 1972): 31-8.18. Revsine, L. "Data Expanson and Conceptua1 Structure." The Accounting Review (Octomber 1970): 704-11.19. Shields, M. D. "Some Effects of Information Load on Search Patterns Used to Analyze Performance Reports." Accounting, Organizations and Soiety Vol.5, No.4 (1980): 429-42.20. ________. "Effects of Information Supply and Demand on Judgment Accuracy: Evidence from Corporate Managers." The Accounting Review (April 1983): 284-303.21. Snowball, D. "Some Effects of Accounting Expertise and Information Load: an Empirical Study." Accounting, Organizations and Society Vol.5, No.3 (1980): 323-38.22. Streufert, S. "Complexity and Complex Decision Making: Convergences Between Differentiation and Integration Approaches to the Prediction of Task Performance." Journal of Experimental, Social, Psychology (1970): 494-509.23. ________. "Success and Response Rate in Complex Decision Making." Journal of Experimental, Social, Psychology (1972): 389-403.24. Streufert, S. C. "Effects of Information Relevance on Decision Making in Complex Environments." Memory & Cognition (1973): 224-28.25. Sutcliffe, J. P. "A general Method of Analysis of Frequency Data for Multiple Classification Decision." Psychological Bulltin Vol.54, No.2 (1957): 134-9.26. Vasarhelyi, M. A. "Man-Machine Planning Systems: a Cognitive Style Examination of Interactive Decision Making." Journal of Accounting Research (Spring 1977): 138-53.27. Weber, R. "Auditor Decision Making on Overall System Reliability: Accuracy, Consensus, and the Usefulness of a Simulation Decision Aid." Journal of Accounting Research (Autumn 1978): 368-88.28. Wilkie, W. L. "Analysis of Effects of Information Load." Journal of Marketing Research (November 1974): 462-66. zh_TW
