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題名 加權與屬性理想點在多元尺度之應用
作者 黃政甫
貢獻者 周文賢
黃政甫
日期 1989
上傳時間 4-May-2016 14:23:58 (UTC+8)
參考文獻 參考文獻
     1. 黃俊英，多變量分析，三版，中華企業經濟研究所，台北民國七十七年二月。
     2. Arabie, P., Carroll, J. D. & DeSarbo, W. S. Three-yay Scaling and Clustering, Sage, Newbury Park, 1987.
     3. Arabie, P. & Soli, S. D ." The Interface Between the Types of Regression and Methods of
     Collecting Proximity Data" In R. G. Golledge & J. N. Rayner(eds.) Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets, Minneapolis, KN: University of Minnesota press, 1982, pp.90- 115.
     4. Bennett, J. F. & Hays, W. L. "Multidimensional Unfolding: Determining the Dimensionality of Ranked Preference data", Psychometrika, 25, 27- 43, 1960.
     5. Bloxom, B . "Individual Differences in Multidimensional Scaling" , Research Bulletin, 68-45, Princeton, N. J.: Educational Testing Service, 1968.
     6. Borg, I.& Lingoes J. Multidimensional Similarity Structure Analysis, Springer-Verlag Inc., New York, 1987.
     7. Carroll, J. D. " Individual Differences and Multidimensional Scaling" In R. N. Shepard, A.K. Rommey & S. B. Nerlove (eds.) Multidimensional Sealing, Academic Press, New York, Vol.I, 1972.
     8. Carroll, J. D. "Model and Methods for Multidimensional Analysis of Preferential Choice or Other Dominance Data” In E. D. Lantermann & H. Feger (eds.) Similarity and Choice, Huber, Bern, 1980.
     9. Carroll, J. D. & Chang, J. J. "Analysis of Individual Differences in Multidimensional Scaling via an N-way Generalization of `Eckart-Young` Decomposition" , Psychometrika, 35, 283-320, 1970.
     10. Carroll, J. D. & Chang, J. J. "IDIOSCAL(Individual Difference In Orientation SCALing) : A Generalization of INDSCAL Allowing Idiosyncratic Reference Systems H, Paper presented at Psychometric Society meeting, Princeton, NJ., 1972.
     11. Carroll, J. D. & Pruzansky, S. "Discrete and Hybrid Sealing Models" In E . D. Lantermann & H. Feger (eds.), Similarity and Choice, Hans Huber, Bern, 1980.
     12. Carroll, J. D. & Wish, M. "Models and Methods for Three-way Multidimensional Scaling" In D. H. Krantz, R. C. Atkinson, R. D. Luce & P. Suppes (eds.) Contemporary Developments in Mathematical Psychology, Freeman, San Francisco, Voal.Ⅱ, 1974.
     13. Cliff, N. "The Ideaized Individual Interpretation of Individual Differences in Multidimensional Scaling", Psychometrika, 33, 127- 142 ,1968.
     14. Coombs, C. H. "Psychological Scaling Without a Unit of Measurement"，Psychological Review,57, 145- 158, 1950.
     15. Coombs, C. H. A Theory of Data, Wiley, New York, 1964 .
     16. Cooper, L. G. "A New Solution to the Additive Constant Problem in Metric multidimensional Scaling" , Psychometrika, 37, 311- 322, 1972.
     17. Davision, M. L. Multidimensional Scaling, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1983 .
     18. DeSarbo, W. S., & Carroll. J. D. "Three-way Metric Unfolding", Proceedings of the 1981 TIMS/ORSA Market Measurement Conference, Providence. R.I.: Management Science.
     19. DeSarbo, W . S . & Carroll, J. D."Three-way Metric Unfolding via Alternating Weighted Least Squares", psychometrika, 50, 275-300, 1985.
     20. DeSarbo, W. S. & Rao, V. R., "A Constrained Unfolding Model for Product Positioning" Proceeding of the 1983 ORSA/TIMES Marketing Science Conference. Los Angeles. Cal.
     21. DeSarbo. W.S. & Rao, V. R . "GEHFOLD2 : A Set of Models and Algorrthms for the GENeral unfolding Analysis of Preference/Dominance Data",Journal of Classification. 1,147-186.1984.
     22. Dillion W. R. & Goldstein M. Multivariate Analysis: Methods and Applications. John Wiley & Sons. New York, 1984.
     23. Finlay. Paul H. Mathematical Modelling in Business Decision Making. St. Martin`s Press. New York. 1986.
     24. Gower. J. C. "Some Distance Properties of Latent Root and Vector Methods in Multivariate Analysis"，Biometrika. 53. 315- 328. 1966.
     25. Gower. J. C. "Euclidean Distance Geometry "，Mathematical Scientist. 7. 1- 14. 1982.
     26. Green, P. E. & Tull D. S. Research for Marketing Decsions,4th. edition,華泰，台北，1978.
     27. Guttman, L. A . "General Nonmetric Technique for Finding the Smallest Coordinate Space for a Configuration of Points" , Psychometrika , 33,469- 506. 1968.
     28. Harsh.an. R. A .”Determination and Proof of Minimun Uniqueness Conditions for PARAFACI”University of California at Los Angeles, Working Papers in Phonetics 22, 1972a.
     29. Harsh.an, R. A . "PARAFAC2: Mathematical and Technical Notes " , University of California at Los Angeles, Working Papers in Phonetics 22, 1972b.
     30. Heiser, W. J . "Unfolding Analysis of Proximity Data ", (Published Doctoral Dissertation, University of Leiden, The Netherlands, 1981.)
     31. Horan, C. B . "Multidimensional Scaling: Combining Observations When Individuals Have Different Perceptual Structures". Psychometrica, 34, 139- 165, 1969.
     32. Johnson, L.W. & Riess, R. D. Numerical Analysis, 台北圖書有限公司，台北，1980.
     33. Kaiser, B. F . "The Vari.ax Criterion for Analytic Rotation in Factor Analysis", Psychometrika, 23, 187- 200, 1958.
     34. Kroonenberg, P. M. & Deleeuw, J . "Principal Component Analysis of Three-mode Data by Means of Alternating Least Square Algorithms ",Psychometrika, 45, 69- 97, 1980.
     35. Kruskal, J. B . "Multidimensional Scaling by Optimizing Goodness of Fit to a Nonmetric Hypothesis", Psychometrika, 29, 1- 27, 1964a.
     36. Kruskal. J. B. "Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling: a Numerical Method ", Psychometrika, 29. 115- 129. 1964b.
     37. Kruskal. J. B. " How to Use MDSCAL,A Program to do Multidimensional Scaling and Multidimensional Unfolding " Unpublished manuscript, Bell Laboratories. 1968.
     38. Kruskal. J. B. & Car.one. F. J. "How to Use M-D-SCAL Version 5M and Other Useful Information, Unpublished manuscript. Bell Labs. Murray Hill. H. J. 1969.
     39. Kruskal. J. B. Shepard. R. N .”A Nonmetric Variety of Linear Factor Analysis”, Psychometrika, 39. 123- 157. 1974.
     40. Kruskal. J. B., Young. F. W. & Seery. J. B. "How to Use KYST. a Very Flexible Program to do Multidimensional Scaling and Unfolding " Unpublished manuscript, Bell Labs. Murray Hill,N. J., 1973.
     41. Kruskal. J. B.,Young. F. W.& Seery, J. B. "How to Use Kyst-2, a Very Flexible Program to do Multidimensional Scaling and Unfolding. Unpublished manuscript, Bell Labs. Murray Hill. N. J., 1978 .
     42. Lingoes. J. C. The Guttman-Lingoes Nonmetric Program Series, Ann Arbor, Mich.:Mathesis Press,1973.
     43. Lundy, M. E. & Harshman, R. A. Reference Manual for PARAFAC Analysis. London, Ontario Scientific Software Associates, 1985.
     44. Mardia, K. Y., Kent, J. T. & Bibby. J. M. K.Multivariate Analysis, Academic Press. New York.,1979.
     45. Pruzansky, S. " How to Use SINDSCAL: A Computer Program for Individual Differences in Multidimensional Scaling". Unpublished manuscript. AT&T Bell Laboratories (Room 2F- 128A), Murray Hill, NJ. 1975.
     46. Ramsay. J. O. "Maximun Likelihood Estimation in Multidimensional Scaling" , Psychometricka.42, 241- 266, 1977.
     47. Ramsay. J. O. " Confidence Regions for Multidimensional Scaling Analysis ", Psychometrika. 43. 145- 160, 1978a.
     48. Ramsay, J. O. MULTISCAL: Four Programs for Multidimensional Scaling by the Method of Maximun Likelihood. National Educational Resources Inc., Chicago. 1978b.
     49. Ramsay, J.O. Multiscale: Four Programs for Multidimensional Scaling by the Methods of Haxiun Likelihood. Chicago: National Educational Resources, Inc., 1980a.
     50. Ramsay, J. O.”Some Small Sample Results for Maxilul Likelihood Estimation in Multidimensional Scaling" , Psychometrika, 45, 139- 144,1980b.
     51. Ramsay, J. O . "MULTISCAL" In S. S. Schiffman, M. L. Reynolds, F. W. Young (eds.) Introduction to Multidimensional Scaling: Theory, Method and Application, Academic Press, New York, PP. 389- 405, 1981.
     52. Ralsay, J. O. HULTISCALⅡManual, Mooresville, IN: International Education Services, 1982.
     53. Ramsay, J. O. "MULITISCAL:A Multidimensional Scaling Program", America Statistician, 37, 362- 327, 1983.
     54. Ramsay, J. O . "A PROC MATRIX Program for Preference-Dissimilarity Multidimensional Scaling " , Psychometrika, 51, 163- 170, 1986.
     55. Ross, J . "A Remark on Tucker and Messick`s `Points of Views` Analysis ", Psychometrika, 31, 27- 31, 1966.
     56. Ross, J. & Cliff, N. "A Generation of the Interpoint Distance Model", Psychometrika, 29, 167- 176, 1964.
     57. SAS/IML User`s Guide, Version 5 Edition, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, 1985.
     58. Saunders. D. R. "A Computer Program to Find Best-fitting Orthogonal factors for a Given Hypothesis "，Psychometrika. 25, 207- 210, 1960.
     59. Schiff.an, S. S., Reynolds, M. L. & Young, F.W. Introduction to Multidimensional Scaling, Acdemic Press, New York, 1981.
     60. Seber G. A. F. Multivariate Observations, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1984.
     61. Shepard, R. N. “Analysis of Proximities Multidimensional Scaling with an Unknown Distance Function” Psychometrika. 27. 125- 140 and 219- 246. 1962.
     62. Takane, Y. "A Maximun Likelihood Method for Nonmetric Multidimensional
     Scaling：I The Case in which ALL Emperical Pairwise Ordering Are Independent-Theory", Japaness Psychological Research , 20, 7- 17, 1978a.
     63. Takane, Y ."A Maximum Likelihood Method for Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling: I. The Case in which ALL Emperical Pairwise Ordering Are Independent-Evalutions", Japaness Psychological Research. 20. 105- 114, 1978b.
     64. Takane, Y . "Maximum Likelihood Estimate in the Generalized Case of Thurstone`s Model of Comparative Judgment", Japanese Psychological Research. 22, 188- 196, 1980a.
     65. Takane. Y . "Multidimensional Sucessive Categories Scaling: A Maximum Likelihood Psychometrika, 46. 9- 28. 1981.
     66. Takane, Y. "Maximum Likelihood Additivity Analysis ",Psychometrika, 17, 225- 241, 1982a.
     67. Takane. Y. "The Method of Triadic Combinations : A New Treatment and its Application ", Be haviormetrika, 11,37-48,1982b.
     68. Takane. Y. & Carroll. J. D . "Nometric Maximum Likelihood Multidimensional Scaling from Directional Rankinigs of Similarities" ,Psychometrika,46, 389- 405, 1981.
     69. Takane. Y. & Sergent. J . " Multidimensional Scaling Models for Reaction Tiles and Same Different Judgemen "，Psychometrika, 48, 393 - 424. 1983.
     70. Torgerson, W. S . " Multidimensional Scaling: I. Theory and Method ", Psychometrika, 17, 401 - 419. 1952.
     71. Torgerson, W. S. Theory and Method of Scaling, Wiley. New York, 1958.
     72. Tucker, L. R. "Relations Between Multidimensional Scaling and Three-mode Factor Analysis ", Psychometrika, 37, 3- 27, 1972.
     73. Tucker, L. R. & Messick, S. J . " An Individual Differences Model for Multidimensional Scaling ", Psychometrika, 38, 333- 368, 1963.
     74. Weeks, D. G. & Bentler, P. M . " Restricted Multidmensional Scaling Models for Asymmetric Proximities", Psychoietrika, 47, 201- 208, 1982.
     75. Young, F. W. "PLOYCON; A Program for Multidimensionally Scaling One-, Two, or Three-way Additive, Difference, or Multiplicative Spaces ., Behavioral Science, 18, 152- 155, 1973.
     76. Young, F. W. & Harmer R. M. Multidimensional Scaling History. Theory, and Applications, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, 1987.
     77. Young, F. W. & Householder, A. S . " Discussion of a Set of Points in terms of their Mutual Distances" , Psychometrika, 1, 19- 22, 1938.
     78. Young, F . W. & Householder, A. S. "A Note on Multidimensional Psychophysics " , Psychometrika,6,331- 333, 1941 .
     79. Young, F. W. & Lewyckyj, R. ALSCAL 4 User` s Guide, 2nd ed., Chapel Hill, NC: Data Analysis and Theory Associates, 1979.
     80. Young, F. W. & Torgerson, W. S. " TORSCA: A FORTRAN IV Program for Shepard-Kruskal Multidimensional Scaling Analysis" , Behavioral Science, 8, 71- 72, 1 967 .
     81. Zinnes, J. L. & Mackay, D. B. " Probabilistic Multidimensional: Complete and Incompleta Data ", Psvchometrika, 48, 24- 48, 1983.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
統計學系
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002005726
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 周文賢zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 黃政甫zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 黃政甫zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 1989en_US
dc.date.accessioned 4-May-2016 14:23:58 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 4-May-2016 14:23:58 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 4-May-2016 14:23:58 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) B2002005726en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/90492-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 統計學系zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 目錄……Ⅰ
     表次……Ⅲ
     圖次……Ⅲ
     1. 緒論……1
     1.1 研究動機與目的……1
     1.2 研究名詞之界定……2
     1.3 研究步驟……2
     1.4 章節結構……2
     2. 文獻回顧……4
     2.1 基本名詞與符號定義……4
     2.2 MDS之定義、分類與應用……8
     2.2.1 MDS之定義……8
     2.2.2 MDS模型分類……8
     2.2.3 MDS之應用……10
     2.3 TorgersonCMDS模型……10
     2.3.1 CMDS理論基礎……11
     2.3.2 CMDS演算法……14
     2.3.3 CMDS之最佳性質……15
     2.3.4 增加常數法……17
     2.4 正方形資科處理模型……18
     2.4.1 單一正方形資料處理模型……18
     2.4.2 個別差異模型……25
     2.5 長方形資料處理模型……27
     2.5.1 單一長方形資科處理模型……28
     2.5.2 個別差異模型……31
     2.6 其它MDS主題……32
     2.7 非線性規劃方法……34
     3. 理論模式……35
     3.1 問題描述……35
     3.2 WAIP模型理論基礎……38
     3.2.1 WAIP模型處理資料形式……38
     3.2.2 屬性理想點……41
     3.2.3 主體加權-行銷投票加權之應用……43
     3.2.4 距離公式之選擇與起始構形……44
     3.2.5 完備非計量模型……49
     3.2.6 損失函數之選擇與最佳解……50
     3.3 WAIP模型之演算流程……67
     4. 實證分析……73
     4.1 資料來源……73
     4.2 模型參數之選擇-模擬分析……73
     4.3 結果說明……83
     5. 結論與建議……84
     5.1 研究特色…….84
     5.2 研究限制……85
     5.3 後續研究方向……85
     附錄一……87
     附錄二……89
     參考文獻……99
     
     表次
     表4.2a WAIP模型(S1,S2)模擬結果……75
     表4.2b 客體與屬性原始距離矩陣……78
     表4.2c 客體原始屬性分數矩陣……79
     表4.2d 客體與屬性座標……80
     表4.2e 客體與屬性於構形之距離矩陣……81
     圖次
     圖2.2.2a MDS分類……9
     圖2.3.2a CMDSr維度構形……15
     圖2.4.1a S△M與S△N模型演算流程……22
     圖2.5.1a 偏好資料矩陣形式……29
     圖3.1a 長方形資料處理模型分類……37
     圖3.3a WAIP模型演算流程……68
     圖4.2a 客體與屬性聯合空間圖……82		zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002005726en_US
dc.title (題名) 加權與屬性理想點在多元尺度之應用zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 參考文獻
     1. 黃俊英，多變量分析，三版，中華企業經濟研究所，台北民國七十七年二月。
     2. Arabie, P., Carroll, J. D. & DeSarbo, W. S. Three-yay Scaling and Clustering, Sage, Newbury Park, 1987.
     3. Arabie, P. & Soli, S. D ." The Interface Between the Types of Regression and Methods of
     Collecting Proximity Data" In R. G. Golledge & J. N. Rayner(eds.) Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets, Minneapolis, KN: University of Minnesota press, 1982, pp.90- 115.
     4. Bennett, J. F. & Hays, W. L. "Multidimensional Unfolding: Determining the Dimensionality of Ranked Preference data", Psychometrika, 25, 27- 43, 1960.
     5. Bloxom, B . "Individual Differences in Multidimensional Scaling" , Research Bulletin, 68-45, Princeton, N. J.: Educational Testing Service, 1968.
     6. Borg, I.& Lingoes J. Multidimensional Similarity Structure Analysis, Springer-Verlag Inc., New York, 1987.
     7. Carroll, J. D. " Individual Differences and Multidimensional Scaling" In R. N. Shepard, A.K. Rommey & S. B. Nerlove (eds.) Multidimensional Sealing, Academic Press, New York, Vol.I, 1972.
     8. Carroll, J. D. "Model and Methods for Multidimensional Analysis of Preferential Choice or Other Dominance Data” In E. D. Lantermann & H. Feger (eds.) Similarity and Choice, Huber, Bern, 1980.
     9. Carroll, J. D. & Chang, J. J. "Analysis of Individual Differences in Multidimensional Scaling via an N-way Generalization of `Eckart-Young` Decomposition" , Psychometrika, 35, 283-320, 1970.
     10. Carroll, J. D. & Chang, J. J. "IDIOSCAL(Individual Difference In Orientation SCALing) : A Generalization of INDSCAL Allowing Idiosyncratic Reference Systems H, Paper presented at Psychometric Society meeting, Princeton, NJ., 1972.
     11. Carroll, J. D. & Pruzansky, S. "Discrete and Hybrid Sealing Models" In E . D. Lantermann & H. Feger (eds.), Similarity and Choice, Hans Huber, Bern, 1980.
     12. Carroll, J. D. & Wish, M. "Models and Methods for Three-way Multidimensional Scaling" In D. H. Krantz, R. C. Atkinson, R. D. Luce & P. Suppes (eds.) Contemporary Developments in Mathematical Psychology, Freeman, San Francisco, Voal.Ⅱ, 1974.
     13. Cliff, N. "The Ideaized Individual Interpretation of Individual Differences in Multidimensional Scaling", Psychometrika, 33, 127- 142 ,1968.
     14. Coombs, C. H. "Psychological Scaling Without a Unit of Measurement"，Psychological Review,57, 145- 158, 1950.
     15. Coombs, C. H. A Theory of Data, Wiley, New York, 1964 .
     16. Cooper, L. G. "A New Solution to the Additive Constant Problem in Metric multidimensional Scaling" , Psychometrika, 37, 311- 322, 1972.
     17. Davision, M. L. Multidimensional Scaling, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1983 .
     18. DeSarbo, W. S., & Carroll. J. D. "Three-way Metric Unfolding", Proceedings of the 1981 TIMS/ORSA Market Measurement Conference, Providence. R.I.: Management Science.
     19. DeSarbo, W . S . & Carroll, J. D."Three-way Metric Unfolding via Alternating Weighted Least Squares", psychometrika, 50, 275-300, 1985.
     20. DeSarbo, W. S. & Rao, V. R., "A Constrained Unfolding Model for Product Positioning" Proceeding of the 1983 ORSA/TIMES Marketing Science Conference. Los Angeles. Cal.
     21. DeSarbo. W.S. & Rao, V. R . "GEHFOLD2 : A Set of Models and Algorrthms for the GENeral unfolding Analysis of Preference/Dominance Data",Journal of Classification. 1,147-186.1984.
     22. Dillion W. R. & Goldstein M. Multivariate Analysis: Methods and Applications. John Wiley & Sons. New York, 1984.
     23. Finlay. Paul H. Mathematical Modelling in Business Decision Making. St. Martin`s Press. New York. 1986.
     24. Gower. J. C. "Some Distance Properties of Latent Root and Vector Methods in Multivariate Analysis"，Biometrika. 53. 315- 328. 1966.
     25. Gower. J. C. "Euclidean Distance Geometry "，Mathematical Scientist. 7. 1- 14. 1982.
     26. Green, P. E. & Tull D. S. Research for Marketing Decsions,4th. edition,華泰，台北，1978.
     27. Guttman, L. A . "General Nonmetric Technique for Finding the Smallest Coordinate Space for a Configuration of Points" , Psychometrika , 33,469- 506. 1968.
     28. Harsh.an. R. A .”Determination and Proof of Minimun Uniqueness Conditions for PARAFACI”University of California at Los Angeles, Working Papers in Phonetics 22, 1972a.
     29. Harsh.an, R. A . "PARAFAC2: Mathematical and Technical Notes " , University of California at Los Angeles, Working Papers in Phonetics 22, 1972b.
     30. Heiser, W. J . "Unfolding Analysis of Proximity Data ", (Published Doctoral Dissertation, University of Leiden, The Netherlands, 1981.)
     31. Horan, C. B . "Multidimensional Scaling: Combining Observations When Individuals Have Different Perceptual Structures". Psychometrica, 34, 139- 165, 1969.
     32. Johnson, L.W. & Riess, R. D. Numerical Analysis, 台北圖書有限公司，台北，1980.
     33. Kaiser, B. F . "The Vari.ax Criterion for Analytic Rotation in Factor Analysis", Psychometrika, 23, 187- 200, 1958.
     34. Kroonenberg, P. M. & Deleeuw, J . "Principal Component Analysis of Three-mode Data by Means of Alternating Least Square Algorithms ",Psychometrika, 45, 69- 97, 1980.
     35. Kruskal, J. B . "Multidimensional Scaling by Optimizing Goodness of Fit to a Nonmetric Hypothesis", Psychometrika, 29, 1- 27, 1964a.
     36. Kruskal. J. B. "Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling: a Numerical Method ", Psychometrika, 29. 115- 129. 1964b.
     37. Kruskal. J. B. " How to Use MDSCAL,A Program to do Multidimensional Scaling and Multidimensional Unfolding " Unpublished manuscript, Bell Laboratories. 1968.
     38. Kruskal. J. B. & Car.one. F. J. "How to Use M-D-SCAL Version 5M and Other Useful Information, Unpublished manuscript. Bell Labs. Murray Hill. H. J. 1969.
     39. Kruskal. J. B. Shepard. R. N .”A Nonmetric Variety of Linear Factor Analysis”, Psychometrika, 39. 123- 157. 1974.
     40. Kruskal. J. B., Young. F. W. & Seery. J. B. "How to Use KYST. a Very Flexible Program to do Multidimensional Scaling and Unfolding " Unpublished manuscript, Bell Labs. Murray Hill,N. J., 1973.
     41. Kruskal. J. B.,Young. F. W.& Seery, J. B. "How to Use Kyst-2, a Very Flexible Program to do Multidimensional Scaling and Unfolding. Unpublished manuscript, Bell Labs. Murray Hill. N. J., 1978 .
     42. Lingoes. J. C. The Guttman-Lingoes Nonmetric Program Series, Ann Arbor, Mich.:Mathesis Press,1973.
     43. Lundy, M. E. & Harshman, R. A. Reference Manual for PARAFAC Analysis. London, Ontario Scientific Software Associates, 1985.
     44. Mardia, K. Y., Kent, J. T. & Bibby. J. M. K.Multivariate Analysis, Academic Press. New York.,1979.
     45. Pruzansky, S. " How to Use SINDSCAL: A Computer Program for Individual Differences in Multidimensional Scaling". Unpublished manuscript. AT&T Bell Laboratories (Room 2F- 128A), Murray Hill, NJ. 1975.
     46. Ramsay. J. O. "Maximun Likelihood Estimation in Multidimensional Scaling" , Psychometricka.42, 241- 266, 1977.
     47. Ramsay. J. O. " Confidence Regions for Multidimensional Scaling Analysis ", Psychometrika. 43. 145- 160, 1978a.
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