1. NCCU Academic Hub
  2. Publications
  3. College of Commerce
  4. Theses
  5. Item

Publications-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

NCCU Library

Citation Infomation

Related Publications in TAIR

題名 燃煤發電外部成本分析 : 臺中火力電廠的環境評估
作者 蔡妙姍
貢獻者 林全
蔡妙姍
日期 1986
上傳時間 5-May-2016 14:16:32 (UTC+8)
參考文獻 參考文獻及統計資料
一、中文部分:
1.中央銀行經濟研究處，中華民國台灣地區金融統計月報，民國75年1月。
2.內政部，中華民國台閩地區人口統計，民國71年、72年及73年。
3.行政院主計處，中華民國台灣地區商品價格月報，民國73年12月。
4.───，中華民國國內遷徙調查報告，民國72年、73年及74年。
5.───，中華民國台灣地區聚居地、都市化地區及都會區分布圖(上、下冊)，民國74年7月。
6.吉興工程顧問公司，台中火力發電計畫環境影響評估第一、二、三冊，民國74年11月。
7.林務局農林航空測量所，台灣地區像片基本圖，民國67年。
8.林茂盛，農學公害預防處理及防治試驗研究:早期偵測空氣污染的指標植物之選定，台灣省農學試驗所，民國73年。
9.經建會人力規劃小組，中華民國台灣地區民國73年至100年人口推估，行政院經建會，民國73年10月。
10.台閩地區勞保局，台閩地區勞工保險統計，民國74年。
11.台灣省農林廳，台灣省農產物價與成本統計月報，民國74年11月。
12.───，台灣農業年報，民國74年。
13.台灣省糧食局，台灣糧食統計要覽，民國74年。
14.台糖公司，糖業統計年報，民國73年。
15.行政院衛生署環境保護局，瑞芳、貢寮地區環境空氣品質調查研究，民國72年6月。
16.───，瑞芳、貢寮地區空氣污染與人體健康關係研究報告，民國72年6月。
17.孫岩章，「環境污染及破壞對植物之影響」，科學農業33(3-4),1985年，PP.97-122。
18.郁仁貽，空氣污染，復文書局，民國74年2月。
19.陳明杰譯，成本－效益分析，台灣銀行經濟研究室，民國69年。
20.陳明義、陳清義，空氣污染物傷害植物之研究，農委會，民國72年。
21.莊進源，空氣品質概論，行政院衛生署環境保護局。
22.黃正義、黃?昌譯，空氣污染學，科技圖書股份有限公司，民國66年10月。
23.葉新興，急水溪流域水污染防治之經濟分析，中華經濟研究院經濟叢書(1)，民國71年9月。
24.蘇鴻基、孫岩章，農業公害預防處理及損害標準研究報告，農委會，民國73年5月。
25.台灣省環境衛生實驗所，台灣省空氣污染影響農業實況調查及空氣污染區域改善研究工作報告，民國68年、69年、70年、71年、72年。
26.蔡茂松，環境經濟學概要，南宏圖書有限公司，民國73年2月。

二、英文部分:
1. Adams, R.M., T.D. Crocker, and N. Thanavibulchai,”An Economic Assessment of Air Pollution Damages to Selected Annual Crops in Southern California, ” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 9(1982), pp.42-58 .
2. Ahmad, Y.J., Environmental Decision-Making Vol I., II., Nigeria:United Nations Environment Programme, 1984.
3. Baumol, W.J. and W.E. Oates, The Theory of Environmental Policy, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1975.
4. Bayless, M. “Measuring the Benefits of Air Quality Improvements:A Hedonic Salary Approach,”Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 9(1982), pp.81-99.
5. Bolten, J.B., P. F. Morrison, and K.A. solomon, Risk-Cost Assessment Methodology for Toxic Pollutants from Fossible Fuel Power Plants, Santa Monica: Electric Power Research Institution, 1983.
6. Brookshire, D.S., B.C. Ives, and W.D. Schulze, "The Valuation of Aesthetic Preferences," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 31(1976), pp.325-46.
7. Brookshire, D.S., W.O. Schulze and R.C. D’Arge, "Valuing Public Goods: A Comparison of Survey and Hedonic Approaches,”American Economic Review, 72(1, 1982), pp.165-77.
8. Brookshire, D.S., L.S. Eubanks, and A. Randall ,"Estimating Option Prices and Existence Values for Wildlife Resources,"Land Economics, 59(1, 1983), pp. 1-15.
9. Broome, J., "The Economic Value of Life," Economica , 52(1985), pp.281-94.
10. Brown, D. and M. Smith, "Crop Substitution in the Estimation of Economic Benefits Due to Ozone, Reducation,” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 11(1984), pp.347-62.
11. Budnitz, R.J. and J.P. Holdren, "Social and Environmental Costs of Energy Systems," Annual Review of Energy, (1976),pp. 553-79.
12. Chappie, M. and L. Lave, "The Health Effects of Air Pollution A Reanalysis , " Journal of Urban Economics, 12(1982), pp.346-76.
13. Desvousges, W.H., V.K. Smith, and M. P. Mcgivney, A Comparison of Alternative Approaches for Estimating Recreation and Related Benefits of Water Quality Improvement; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency , 1983.
14. Eastauch, S.R., Medical Economics and Health Finance,Boston: Auburn House Publishing Company, 1981.
15. ECO, Northwest, Economic Analysis of the Environmental Effects of the Coal-Fired Electric Generator at Boardman, Oregon,Oregon: Selon, Johnson & Odell, Inc., 1983.
16. Environmental Protection Agency, Benefit and Net Benefit Analysis of Alternative National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Particulate Matter, Vol I., II., North Carolina,1983.
17.─────── , A Damage Function Assessment of Building Materials: The Impact of Acid Desposition, 1985.
18. Feinerman, E. and D. Yaron, "The Value of Information on the Response Function of Crops to soil salinity," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 10(1983), pp.72-85.
19. Forster, B.A., "An Economic Assessment of the Significance of Long-Range Transported Air Pollutants for Agriculture in Eastern Canada,”, Canadian Journal of Agriculture Economics, 32(1984); pp.498-525.
20. Freeman, A.M., III, The Benefit of Environmental Improvement－Theory and Practice, Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press for Resources for the Future, 1979.
21. Freeman, A.M., III, Air and Water Pollution Control: The Benefit-Cost Assessment, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1982.
22. Frey, B.S., F. Schneider and W.W. Pommerehne, "Economists` Opinions on Environmental Policy Instruments: Analysis of a survey,`` Journal of Environmental Economics and Management112(1985), pp.62-71.
23. Gramlich, E.M., The Benefit-Cost Analysis of Government Programs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1981.
24. Hausman, J.A., B.D. Ostro, and D.A. Wise, Air Pollution and Lose Work, Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1984.
25. Hufschmidt, M. M. and E. L. Hyman, Economic Approaches to Natural Resource and Environmental Quality Analysis, Dublin:Tycooly International Publishing Ltd ..
26. Hufshmidt, M.M., et al ., Environment, Natural Systems, and Development--An Economic Valuation Guide, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983.
27. Joskow, P.L. and N.L. Rose, "The Effects of Technological Change, Experience, and Environmental Regulation on the Construction Cost of Coal-Burning Generating Unites," Rand Journal of Economics, 16(1, 1985), pp.1-27.
28. Kneese, A.V. and C.L. Schultze, Pollution, Prices and Public Policy, Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1975.
29. Lareau, T.J., et al., Economic Damages to Building Materials Exposed to acid Desposition, Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1985.
30. Loehman, E.T., et al., "Distri butional Analysis of Regional Benefits and Cost of Air Quality Contra l , `` Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 16(1979), pp.222-43.
31. Mendelsohn, R.O. and G. Orcutt, "An Empirical Analysis of Air Pollution Dose-Response Curves," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 6(1979) ,pp.85-106.
32. Mendelsohn, R.O., Regulation of Air Pollution, New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1979.
33.───────, "An Economic Analysis of Air Pollution From Coal-Fired Power Plants," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,7(1980), pp.30-43.
34. Mishan, E.J., Economic Efficiency and Social Welfare, London: George Allen & Univin, 1981.
35. Ngoc-Bich Tran and V. K. Smith, "The Role of Air and Water Residuals for Steam Electric Power Generation," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,10(1983), pp.35-49.
36. OECD, The Costs and Benefits of Sulphur Oxide Control: A Methodological Study, Paris, 1981.
37. OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, The Costs of Generating Electricity in Nuclear and Coal Fired Power Stations, OECD, 1983.
38. Orcutt, G.H., et al., “Dose Your Probability of Death Depend on Your Environment? A Microanalytic Study,” American Economic Review, (1977), pp.260-64.
39. Ostro, B.D., “The Effects of Air Pollution on Work Loss and Morbidity,” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,10(1983), pp.371-82.
40. ─────── , “A Search for a Threshold in the Relationship of Air Pollution to Mortality: A Reanalysis of Data on London Winters,” Environmental Health Perspectives Vol. 58 ,(1984), pp.397-99.
41. ───────,”Air Pollution and Morbidity: A Sensitivity Analysis of Alternative Monitors, Pollutants, and Averaging Times,” The Science of the Total Environment, 39(1984), pp.111-24.
42. Peterson, G.L. and A. Randall, Valuation of Wildland Resource Benefits, Colorado: Westview Press, Inc., 1984.
43. Portney, P.R., Housing Prices, Health Effects, and Valuing Reductions in Risk of Death, Washington, D.C.: Resources for the Future, Inc., 1981.
44. Ramsay, W., Unpaid Costs of Electrical Energy-Health and Environmental Impacts from Coal and Nuclear Power, Washington D.C., Resources for the Future, Inc., 1980.
45. Randall, A., et al., "Bidding Games for Valuation of Aesthetic Environmental Improvements," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 1(1974), pp.132-49.
46. Schulze, W.D., R.C. d`Avge and D.S. Brookshire, "Valuing Environmental Commodities: Some Recent Experiments," Land Economics, 52(2, 1981), pp.151-72.
47. Seller, C., J.R. Stoll and Jean-Paul Chavas, "Validation of Empirical Measures of Welfare Change: A Comparison of Nonmarket Techniques," Land Economics, 61(2, 1985), pp.156-75.
48. Seneca, J.J. and M.K. Tanssig, Environmental Economics, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1984.
49. Tolley, G.S., P.E. Graves, and G.C. Blomquist, Environmental Policy-Elements of Environmental Analysis Vol I., II.,Cambridge: Massachusetts, Ballinger Publishing Company,1981.
50. Walsh, R.G., Recreation Economics , Forthcoming.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
財政學系
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002006621
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 林全zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 蔡妙姍zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 蔡妙姍zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 1986en_US
dc.date.accessioned 5-May-2016 14:16:32 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 5-May-2016 14:16:32 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-May-2016 14:16:32 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) B2002006621en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/91308-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 財政學系zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 目錄
第一章 緒論………1
第一節 前言………1
第二節 研究動機及目的………2
第三節 研究範圍及方法………2
第四節 本文架構………3
第二章 理論基礎………5
第一節 前言………5
第二節 最適污染防治政策………6
第三節 污染成本評估步驟………8
第四節 污染物的擴散………13
第五節 污染損害程度估計法………13
第六節 污染成本估計方法………16
第三章 文獻回顧………38
第一節 前言………38
第二節 人體健康受污染之損害成本估計………39
第三節 作物受污染之損害成本估計………50
第四節 材料腐蝕之損害成本估計………52
第五節 清潔與污物之損害成本估計………54
第六節 景觀之污染損害成本估計………56
第七節 總結………57
第四章 實證結果分析………59
第一節 前言………59
第二節 污染來源及其範圍………59
第三節 劑量反應函數………67
第四節 貨幣價值估計法………74
第五節 外部成本估計結果………76
第六節 污染控制政策………77
第五章 結論………95
第一節 結論………95
第二節 本文之限制………97
附錄一 各污染物總污染源等濃度線圖………100
附錄二(一) 全梧棲鎮各年底人口數………101
附錄二(二) 全污染區域內0-4歲各年底人口數………106
參考文獻及統計資料………111

表次
表2-1 各污染物對人體健康的影響………9
表2-2 材料之空氣污染效應...10
表4-1 台中火力電廠的污染源及污染物………60
表4-2 台中電廠各污染物影響區域………62
表4-3 民國82年至107年人口成長率………64
表4-4 各年齡組別淨流出率………65
表4-5 二氧化硫各濃度範圍內耕地面積估計值………66
表4-6 各污染物死亡率反應係數………70
表4-7 各污染物不同病症反應係數………71
表4-8 不同污染物影響地區15~65歲人口比率………71
表4-9 農作物污染反應係數………73
表4-10 各污染物之人體死亡損失成本………78
表4-11 各污染物之人體罹病損失成本………79
表4-12 農作物污染損害成本………80
表4-13 二氧化硫污染損害總成本………81
表4-14 氮氧化物污染損害總成本………81
表4-15 懸浮微粒污染損害總成本………81
表4-16 脫硫、除氮設備成本………84
表4-17 四部機組污染防治設備成本現值………86
表4-18 污染防治設備與損失成本比較表………87
表4-19 各污染損害均化成本………90		zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002006621en_US
dc.title (題名) 燃煤發電外部成本分析 : 臺中火力電廠的環境評估zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 參考文獻及統計資料
一、中文部分:
1.中央銀行經濟研究處，中華民國台灣地區金融統計月報，民國75年1月。
2.內政部，中華民國台閩地區人口統計，民國71年、72年及73年。
3.行政院主計處，中華民國台灣地區商品價格月報，民國73年12月。
4.───，中華民國國內遷徙調查報告，民國72年、73年及74年。
5.───，中華民國台灣地區聚居地、都市化地區及都會區分布圖(上、下冊)，民國74年7月。
6.吉興工程顧問公司，台中火力發電計畫環境影響評估第一、二、三冊，民國74年11月。
7.林務局農林航空測量所，台灣地區像片基本圖，民國67年。
8.林茂盛，農學公害預防處理及防治試驗研究:早期偵測空氣污染的指標植物之選定，台灣省農學試驗所，民國73年。
9.經建會人力規劃小組，中華民國台灣地區民國73年至100年人口推估，行政院經建會，民國73年10月。
10.台閩地區勞保局，台閩地區勞工保險統計，民國74年。
11.台灣省農林廳，台灣省農產物價與成本統計月報，民國74年11月。
12.───，台灣農業年報，民國74年。
13.台灣省糧食局，台灣糧食統計要覽，民國74年。
14.台糖公司，糖業統計年報，民國73年。
15.行政院衛生署環境保護局，瑞芳、貢寮地區環境空氣品質調查研究，民國72年6月。
16.───，瑞芳、貢寮地區空氣污染與人體健康關係研究報告，民國72年6月。
17.孫岩章，「環境污染及破壞對植物之影響」，科學農業33(3-4),1985年，PP.97-122。
18.郁仁貽，空氣污染，復文書局，民國74年2月。
19.陳明杰譯，成本－效益分析，台灣銀行經濟研究室，民國69年。
20.陳明義、陳清義，空氣污染物傷害植物之研究，農委會，民國72年。
21.莊進源，空氣品質概論，行政院衛生署環境保護局。
22.黃正義、黃?昌譯，空氣污染學，科技圖書股份有限公司，民國66年10月。
23.葉新興，急水溪流域水污染防治之經濟分析，中華經濟研究院經濟叢書(1)，民國71年9月。
24.蘇鴻基、孫岩章，農業公害預防處理及損害標準研究報告，農委會，民國73年5月。
25.台灣省環境衛生實驗所，台灣省空氣污染影響農業實況調查及空氣污染區域改善研究工作報告，民國68年、69年、70年、71年、72年。
26.蔡茂松，環境經濟學概要，南宏圖書有限公司，民國73年2月。

二、英文部分:
1. Adams, R.M., T.D. Crocker, and N. Thanavibulchai,”An Economic Assessment of Air Pollution Damages to Selected Annual Crops in Southern California, ” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 9(1982), pp.42-58 .
2. Ahmad, Y.J., Environmental Decision-Making Vol I., II., Nigeria:United Nations Environment Programme, 1984.
3. Baumol, W.J. and W.E. Oates, The Theory of Environmental Policy, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1975.
4. Bayless, M. “Measuring the Benefits of Air Quality Improvements:A Hedonic Salary Approach,”Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 9(1982), pp.81-99.
5. Bolten, J.B., P. F. Morrison, and K.A. solomon, Risk-Cost Assessment Methodology for Toxic Pollutants from Fossible Fuel Power Plants, Santa Monica: Electric Power Research Institution, 1983.
6. Brookshire, D.S., B.C. Ives, and W.D. Schulze, "The Valuation of Aesthetic Preferences," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 31(1976), pp.325-46.
7. Brookshire, D.S., W.O. Schulze and R.C. D’Arge, "Valuing Public Goods: A Comparison of Survey and Hedonic Approaches,”American Economic Review, 72(1, 1982), pp.165-77.
8. Brookshire, D.S., L.S. Eubanks, and A. Randall ,"Estimating Option Prices and Existence Values for Wildlife Resources,"Land Economics, 59(1, 1983), pp. 1-15.
9. Broome, J., "The Economic Value of Life," Economica , 52(1985), pp.281-94.
10. Brown, D. and M. Smith, "Crop Substitution in the Estimation of Economic Benefits Due to Ozone, Reducation,” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 11(1984), pp.347-62.
11. Budnitz, R.J. and J.P. Holdren, "Social and Environmental Costs of Energy Systems," Annual Review of Energy, (1976),pp. 553-79.
12. Chappie, M. and L. Lave, "The Health Effects of Air Pollution A Reanalysis , " Journal of Urban Economics, 12(1982), pp.346-76.
13. Desvousges, W.H., V.K. Smith, and M. P. Mcgivney, A Comparison of Alternative Approaches for Estimating Recreation and Related Benefits of Water Quality Improvement; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency , 1983.
14. Eastauch, S.R., Medical Economics and Health Finance,Boston: Auburn House Publishing Company, 1981.
15. ECO, Northwest, Economic Analysis of the Environmental Effects of the Coal-Fired Electric Generator at Boardman, Oregon,Oregon: Selon, Johnson & Odell, Inc., 1983.
16. Environmental Protection Agency, Benefit and Net Benefit Analysis of Alternative National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Particulate Matter, Vol I., II., North Carolina,1983.
17.─────── , A Damage Function Assessment of Building Materials: The Impact of Acid Desposition, 1985.
18. Feinerman, E. and D. Yaron, "The Value of Information on the Response Function of Crops to soil salinity," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 10(1983), pp.72-85.
19. Forster, B.A., "An Economic Assessment of the Significance of Long-Range Transported Air Pollutants for Agriculture in Eastern Canada,”, Canadian Journal of Agriculture Economics, 32(1984); pp.498-525.
20. Freeman, A.M., III, The Benefit of Environmental Improvement－Theory and Practice, Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press for Resources for the Future, 1979.
21. Freeman, A.M., III, Air and Water Pollution Control: The Benefit-Cost Assessment, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1982.
22. Frey, B.S., F. Schneider and W.W. Pommerehne, "Economists` Opinions on Environmental Policy Instruments: Analysis of a survey,`` Journal of Environmental Economics and Management112(1985), pp.62-71.
23. Gramlich, E.M., The Benefit-Cost Analysis of Government Programs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1981.
24. Hausman, J.A., B.D. Ostro, and D.A. Wise, Air Pollution and Lose Work, Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1984.
25. Hufschmidt, M. M. and E. L. Hyman, Economic Approaches to Natural Resource and Environmental Quality Analysis, Dublin:Tycooly International Publishing Ltd ..
26. Hufshmidt, M.M., et al ., Environment, Natural Systems, and Development--An Economic Valuation Guide, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983.
27. Joskow, P.L. and N.L. Rose, "The Effects of Technological Change, Experience, and Environmental Regulation on the Construction Cost of Coal-Burning Generating Unites," Rand Journal of Economics, 16(1, 1985), pp.1-27.
28. Kneese, A.V. and C.L. Schultze, Pollution, Prices and Public Policy, Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1975.
29. Lareau, T.J., et al., Economic Damages to Building Materials Exposed to acid Desposition, Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1985.
30. Loehman, E.T., et al., "Distri butional Analysis of Regional Benefits and Cost of Air Quality Contra l , `` Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 16(1979), pp.222-43.
31. Mendelsohn, R.O. and G. Orcutt, "An Empirical Analysis of Air Pollution Dose-Response Curves," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 6(1979) ,pp.85-106.
32. Mendelsohn, R.O., Regulation of Air Pollution, New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1979.
33.───────, "An Economic Analysis of Air Pollution From Coal-Fired Power Plants," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,7(1980), pp.30-43.
34. Mishan, E.J., Economic Efficiency and Social Welfare, London: George Allen & Univin, 1981.
35. Ngoc-Bich Tran and V. K. Smith, "The Role of Air and Water Residuals for Steam Electric Power Generation," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,10(1983), pp.35-49.
36. OECD, The Costs and Benefits of Sulphur Oxide Control: A Methodological Study, Paris, 1981.
37. OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, The Costs of Generating Electricity in Nuclear and Coal Fired Power Stations, OECD, 1983.
38. Orcutt, G.H., et al., “Dose Your Probability of Death Depend on Your Environment? A Microanalytic Study,” American Economic Review, (1977), pp.260-64.
39. Ostro, B.D., “The Effects of Air Pollution on Work Loss and Morbidity,” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,10(1983), pp.371-82.
40. ─────── , “A Search for a Threshold in the Relationship of Air Pollution to Mortality: A Reanalysis of Data on London Winters,” Environmental Health Perspectives Vol. 58 ,(1984), pp.397-99.
41. ───────,”Air Pollution and Morbidity: A Sensitivity Analysis of Alternative Monitors, Pollutants, and Averaging Times,” The Science of the Total Environment, 39(1984), pp.111-24.
42. Peterson, G.L. and A. Randall, Valuation of Wildland Resource Benefits, Colorado: Westview Press, Inc., 1984.
43. Portney, P.R., Housing Prices, Health Effects, and Valuing Reductions in Risk of Death, Washington, D.C.: Resources for the Future, Inc., 1981.
44. Ramsay, W., Unpaid Costs of Electrical Energy-Health and Environmental Impacts from Coal and Nuclear Power, Washington D.C., Resources for the Future, Inc., 1980.
45. Randall, A., et al., "Bidding Games for Valuation of Aesthetic Environmental Improvements," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 1(1974), pp.132-49.
46. Schulze, W.D., R.C. d`Avge and D.S. Brookshire, "Valuing Environmental Commodities: Some Recent Experiments," Land Economics, 52(2, 1981), pp.151-72.
47. Seller, C., J.R. Stoll and Jean-Paul Chavas, "Validation of Empirical Measures of Welfare Change: A Comparison of Nonmarket Techniques," Land Economics, 61(2, 1985), pp.156-75.
48. Seneca, J.J. and M.K. Tanssig, Environmental Economics, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1984.
49. Tolley, G.S., P.E. Graves, and G.C. Blomquist, Environmental Policy-Elements of Environmental Analysis Vol I., II.,Cambridge: Massachusetts, Ballinger Publishing Company,1981.
50. Walsh, R.G., Recreation Economics , Forthcoming.		zh_TW