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題名 網絡連結對企業國際化進程的影響：以鋼鐵產業為例
The effects of network connections on firms’ internationalization process: A case study of Taiwan’s steel industry作者 陳柏宏
Hung, Chen Po貢獻者 張逸民
陳柏宏
Chen Po Hung關鍵詞 網絡連結
國際化進程
鋼鐵產業
network connection
internationalization process
iron-and-steel industry日期 2008 上傳時間 9-May-2016 11:24:28 (UTC+8) 摘要 鋼鐵産業是象徵國家經濟情況的重要基礎産業，也是代表社會發展程度、經濟實力的重要標誌。因此鋼鐵產業常被認為是具有代表國力強弱的指標性意義，不論是先進國家或發展中國家，皆長期的、積極的振興鋼鐵產業。現今臺灣的鋼鐵業者在面對上、下游皆瘦而中游獨大的特殊產業環境之下，許多企業為了達到產業規模經濟與拓展銷售市場，紛紛前往海外另闢戰場。傳統的國際化理論認為國際化過程的演變是大型企業為了因應產品生命週期的演進而選擇在海外市場發揮其資源優勢的行為，然而從網絡連結觀點我們可以把國際化看成是企業試圖和國外網絡連結建立關係的作為。通常非大型企業並不具備獨自建立國外相關網絡的資源深度，然而透過網絡關係的合作卻可以快速取得當地市場知識並藉由現有通路進入國際市場。這對於具有高進入障礙、高度資本密集、高度技術密集且企業難以獨自擁有足夠生產資源等特性的鋼鐵產業而言，網絡關係連結相當重要。在這個全球化的時代，大多數企業遲早都會在國際上競爭。因此，專注於國內市場交易的在地企業會被迫具有國際競爭力並參與國際商業活動。所有管理國內企業或跨國集團的經理人都必須意識到這個潮流的影響力。全球化經濟現在已經充斥在世界的各個角落，而且國際化現在所影響的不僅是大型企業集團連許多的非大型企業也是。本次研究針對鋼鐵產業使用多點個案研究法，調查網絡連結對企業國際化進程的影響。來自六家鋼鐵業者的研究證據顯示可以印證在企業的國際化過程中，網絡連結會觸發並驅動企業的國際化、影響企業的海外市場選擇決策與進入模式決策、幫助企業獲得起始信用、接近新網絡關係與現成通路、也協助降低成本與風險，並且影響企業的國際化步調。
The iron-and-steel industry is an important basic industry to symbolize national economics, and a main indicator which represents social development level and economics power. Because the iron-and-steel industry is usually considered as an index of national strength, no wander many developed and developing nations all have prospering iron-and-steel industries.Now iron-and-steel firms in Taiwan are facing a unique industrial environment, and many are expanding new overseas markets to exploit economies of scale. Traditional internationalization theory posited that the internationalization process is a behavior of giant enterprises to adapt to the product life cycle evolvement and exploit the resource advantage abroad. However, we can view internationalization as a behavior of SMEs to establish relationships with foreign networks from the network perspective. Usually small firms can’t afford enough resources to build up international networks by themselves, but by only cooperating through network connections they can obtain foreign market knowledge soon and penetrate international markets via existing channels. The iron-and-steel industry has high entry barriers, high capital requirement and technology intensity, for SMEs difficult to have all kinds of production resources, the network relationship connections are quite crucial to succeed in international markets.In this era of globalization, most firms will sooner or later have to compete in the international market. Therefore, local firms that focus their business on the domestic market are forced to be internationally competitive and to participate in international business. All managers must be aware of this trend when managing a domestic firm or a multinational conglomerate. The global economy now has reached every corner of the world, and internationalization now involves not just the giant corporations but also many SME enterprises. This research use case research method to examine the influence of network connections on the internationalization process of SME iron-and-steel firms in Taiwan. The evidence from the cases of six iron-and-steel firms shows that the firms’ internationalization process was triggered and motivated by network connections which also affected their foreign market-selection decisions and mode-of-entry decisions, helped them obtain initial credibility and access to other relationships and established channels, helped in lowering cost and risk, and influenced their internationalization pace.參考文獻 一、中文部份1. 于卓民（2005）。國際企業－環境與管理（2版）。台北市：華泰文化事業股份有限公司。2. 方至民（2006）。國際企業管理－建構全球營運優勢。台北縣：前程文化事業股份有限公司。3. 司徒達賢（2005）。策略管理新論：觀念架構與分析方法（2版）。台北市：智勝文化事業有限公司。4. 任慶宗（2003）。集團企業子公司之綜效利益與彈性限制－網絡觀點。國立政治大學企業管理研究所博士論文，未出版，台北市。5. 吳寶秀（1990）。臺灣製造業員工個人社會網絡分析。東海大學社會學研究所碩士論文，未出版，台中市。6. 李蘭甫（1990）。國際企業論（3版）。臺北市：三民書局。7. 林正暐（2006）。台灣鋼鐵產業升級發展策略之研究。國立成功大學資源工程研究所碩士論文，未出版，台南市。8. 林濟民（1999）。國際化資源網絡聯結對廠商競爭優勢之影響研究。國立暨南國際大學國際企業學研究所碩士論文，未出版，南投縣。9. 施淑惠（2001）。人際網絡對電腦態度之影響：以台北市政府基層公務員為例。元智大學資訊社會學硏究所碩士論文，未出版，桃園縣。10. 洪世章、陳忠賢（2000）。台灣企業集團的發展是漸趨同形嗎？台大管理論叢，11(1)，p.73~101。11. 徐中琦（1996）。多國籍企業的新挑戰－國際營運與組織能力。經濟情勢暨評論季刊，第2卷第2期。12. 翁存義（2006）。臺灣鋼鐵業大陸投資的關鍵成功因素。國立中山大學管理學院高階經營碩士學程在職專班碩士論文，未出版，高雄市。13. 張苙雲（主編）（1999）。網絡台灣－企業的人情關係與經濟理性。臺北市：遠流出版事業股份有限公司。14. 張苙雲、譚康榮（1999）。形構產業網絡。載於張苙雲（主編），網絡台灣－企業的人情關係與經濟理性（17~64頁）。臺北市：遠流出版事業股份有限公司。15. 陳金在（2003）。企業轉型與國際化之實證研究－以台灣鋼鐵產業為例。國立成功大學企業管理研究所高階管理碩士在職專班碩士論文，未出版，台南市。16. 陳俊彰（2001）。從網頁中發掘教師知識分佈圖。國立中山大學資訊管理研究所碩士論文，未出版，高雄市。17. 黃延真（2001）。產業網絡與企業對外投資--以鋼鐵產業為例。國立中山大學企業管理研究所碩士論文，未出版，高雄市。18. 楊逸民（2000）。資訊化組織員工人際關係網絡對工作滿足與組織承諾的影響－與科層式組織之比較。元智大學資訊社會學硏究所碩士論文，未出版，桃園縣。19. 經濟部中小企業處（2004）。中小企業白皮書（GPN：1009302527）。台北市：作者。20. 謝之駿（2007）。煉鐵煉鋼的真功夫－百鍊成鋼。科學發展，417，p.44~48.21. 謝明瑞（2001）。台灣鋼鐵業的發展（編號：財金（研）090-072號）。臺北市：財團法人國家政策研究基金會。22. 蕭新煌、王宏仁、龔宜君（主編）（2002）。台商在東南亞：網絡、認同與全球化。台北市：中央研究院亞太研究計畫。 二、英文部份1. Andersen, O. (1993). On the internationalization process of firms: A critical analysis. Journal of International Business Studies, 24(2), p.209~231.2. Axelsson, B., & Johanson, J. (1992). Foreign market entry－the textbook vs. the network view. In B. Axelsson & G. Easton (Eds.), Industrial networks: a new view of reality (p.218~234). London: Routledge.3. Bartlett, C. A., Ghoshal, S., & Birkinshaw, J. (2003). Transnational management－text, cases, and readings in cross-border management. (4th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.4. Bell, J. (1995). The internationalization of small computer software firms－a further challenge to "stage" theories. European Journal of Marketing, 29(8), p.60~75.5. Bilkey, W. J., & Tesar, G. (1977). The export behavior of smaller-sized Wisconsin manufacturing firms. Journal of International Business Studies, 8(1), p.93~98.6. Björkman, I., and Kock, S. (1995). Social relationships and business networks: the case of western companies in China. 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International Marketing Review, 4(4), p.20~29.38. Thorelli, H. B. (1986). Networks: between markets and hierarchies. Strategic Management Journal, 7(1), p.37~51.39. Vernon, R. (1966). International investment and international trade in the product cycle. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 80(2), p.190~207.40. Whetten, D. A., (1981). Interorganizational relations: a review of the field. The Journal of Higher Education, 52(1), p.1~28.41. Yin, R. K. (1994). Case study research: design and methods. (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: SAGE. 三、網路部份1. 中國報告大廳市場研究報告網 http://www.chinabgao.com/2. 行政院主計處 http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/mp.asp?mp=13. 經濟合作暨發展組織鋼鐵委員會 www.oecd.org/sti/steel4. 臺灣區鋼鐵工業同業公會 http://www.tsiia.org.tw/index.aspx5. 鋼鐵數位博物館 http://museum.csc.com.tw/ 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
企業管理學系
94355071資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094355071 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 張逸民 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳柏宏 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chen Po Hung en_US dc.creator (作者) 陳柏宏 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Hung, Chen Po en_US dc.date (日期) 2008 en_US dc.date.accessioned 9-May-2016 11:24:28 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 9-May-2016 11:24:28 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 9-May-2016 11:24:28 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0094355071 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/94640 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 企業管理學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 94355071 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 鋼鐵産業是象徵國家經濟情況的重要基礎産業，也是代表社會發展程度、經濟實力的重要標誌。因此鋼鐵產業常被認為是具有代表國力強弱的指標性意義，不論是先進國家或發展中國家，皆長期的、積極的振興鋼鐵產業。現今臺灣的鋼鐵業者在面對上、下游皆瘦而中游獨大的特殊產業環境之下，許多企業為了達到產業規模經濟與拓展銷售市場，紛紛前往海外另闢戰場。傳統的國際化理論認為國際化過程的演變是大型企業為了因應產品生命週期的演進而選擇在海外市場發揮其資源優勢的行為，然而從網絡連結觀點我們可以把國際化看成是企業試圖和國外網絡連結建立關係的作為。通常非大型企業並不具備獨自建立國外相關網絡的資源深度，然而透過網絡關係的合作卻可以快速取得當地市場知識並藉由現有通路進入國際市場。這對於具有高進入障礙、高度資本密集、高度技術密集且企業難以獨自擁有足夠生產資源等特性的鋼鐵產業而言，網絡關係連結相當重要。在這個全球化的時代，大多數企業遲早都會在國際上競爭。因此，專注於國內市場交易的在地企業會被迫具有國際競爭力並參與國際商業活動。所有管理國內企業或跨國集團的經理人都必須意識到這個潮流的影響力。全球化經濟現在已經充斥在世界的各個角落，而且國際化現在所影響的不僅是大型企業集團連許多的非大型企業也是。本次研究針對鋼鐵產業使用多點個案研究法，調查網絡連結對企業國際化進程的影響。來自六家鋼鐵業者的研究證據顯示可以印證在企業的國際化過程中，網絡連結會觸發並驅動企業的國際化、影響企業的海外市場選擇決策與進入模式決策、幫助企業獲得起始信用、接近新網絡關係與現成通路、也協助降低成本與風險，並且影響企業的國際化步調。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) The iron-and-steel industry is an important basic industry to symbolize national economics, and a main indicator which represents social development level and economics power. Because the iron-and-steel industry is usually considered as an index of national strength, no wander many developed and developing nations all have prospering iron-and-steel industries.Now iron-and-steel firms in Taiwan are facing a unique industrial environment, and many are expanding new overseas markets to exploit economies of scale. Traditional internationalization theory posited that the internationalization process is a behavior of giant enterprises to adapt to the product life cycle evolvement and exploit the resource advantage abroad. However, we can view internationalization as a behavior of SMEs to establish relationships with foreign networks from the network perspective. Usually small firms can’t afford enough resources to build up international networks by themselves, but by only cooperating through network connections they can obtain foreign market knowledge soon and penetrate international markets via existing channels. The iron-and-steel industry has high entry barriers, high capital requirement and technology intensity, for SMEs difficult to have all kinds of production resources, the network relationship connections are quite crucial to succeed in international markets.In this era of globalization, most firms will sooner or later have to compete in the international market. Therefore, local firms that focus their business on the domestic market are forced to be internationally competitive and to participate in international business. All managers must be aware of this trend when managing a domestic firm or a multinational conglomerate. The global economy now has reached every corner of the world, and internationalization now involves not just the giant corporations but also many SME enterprises. This research use case research method to examine the influence of network connections on the internationalization process of SME iron-and-steel firms in Taiwan. The evidence from the cases of six iron-and-steel firms shows that the firms’ internationalization process was triggered and motivated by network connections which also affected their foreign market-selection decisions and mode-of-entry decisions, helped them obtain initial credibility and access to other relationships and established channels, helped in lowering cost and risk, and influenced their internationalization pace. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論.........................................................................1第一節 研究背景............................................................1第二節 研究動機………...................................................5第三節 研究流程………...................................................8第二章 文獻探討...................................................................9第一節 國際化的意義......................................................9第二節 國際化進程…….................................................13第三節 網絡的意義…….................................................21第四節 網絡與國際化進程之關係....................................28第五節 小結......………………………………………………..31第三章 研究設計.................................................................32第一節 研究目的..........................................................32第二節 研究命題..........................................................33第三節 研究方法與個案選擇...........................................38第四節 相關研究限制....................................................47第五節 資料來源…......…...…...……...……………………...49第四章 鋼鐵產業概論與現況發展...........................................50第一節 鋼鐵產業生產製造過程簡介.................................50第二節 全球鋼鐵產業概況..............................................56第三節 臺灣鋼鐵産業概述..............................................60第五章 個案歸納與結果析....................................................65第一節 網絡關係對企業國際化初期的影響………...............65第二節 網絡關係對企業在國際市場發展的作用…...............73第六章 結論與建議..............................................................81第一節 研究結論..........................................................81第二節 建議與未來展望................................................84參考文獻............................................................................87一、中文部分.................................................................87二、英文部分.................................................................90三、網路部份…...………………………………………………..96附錄 個案企業訪問提綱........................................................97 網絡連結對企業國際化進程的影響：以鋼鐵產業為例圖目錄頁數圖1-1 研究流程圖.................................................................8圖2-1 Uppsala國際化模型圖..............................................16圖2-2 國外市場進入方式圖..................................................19圖3-1 研究架構圖...............................................................37圖4-1 鋼鐵產品產製關係圖..................................................51圖4-2 高爐煉鐵流程圖.........................................................53 網絡連結對企業國際化進程的影響：以鋼鐵產業為例表目錄頁數表3-1 網絡關係對企業國際化進程的影響綜合整理表............... 36表3-2 個案企業的基本資料表...............................................43表3-3 個案企業的國際化活動列表.........................................44表3-4 個案企業的國際市場發展過程表（一）............................45表3-5 個案企業的國際市場發展過程表（二）............................46表5-1 個案企業對應各命題分析表.........................................80 zh_TW dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094355071 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 網絡連結 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國際化進程 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 鋼鐵產業 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) network connection en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) internationalization process en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) iron-and-steel industry en_US dc.title (題名) 網絡連結對企業國際化進程的影響：以鋼鐵產業為例 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The effects of network connections on firms’ internationalization process: A case study of Taiwan’s steel industry en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文部份1. 于卓民（2005）。國際企業－環境與管理（2版）。台北市：華泰文化事業股份有限公司。2. 方至民（2006）。國際企業管理－建構全球營運優勢。台北縣：前程文化事業股份有限公司。3. 司徒達賢（2005）。策略管理新論：觀念架構與分析方法（2版）。台北市：智勝文化事業有限公司。4. 任慶宗（2003）。集團企業子公司之綜效利益與彈性限制－網絡觀點。國立政治大學企業管理研究所博士論文，未出版，台北市。5. 吳寶秀（1990）。臺灣製造業員工個人社會網絡分析。東海大學社會學研究所碩士論文，未出版，台中市。6. 李蘭甫（1990）。國際企業論（3版）。臺北市：三民書局。7. 林正暐（2006）。台灣鋼鐵產業升級發展策略之研究。國立成功大學資源工程研究所碩士論文，未出版，台南市。8. 林濟民（1999）。國際化資源網絡聯結對廠商競爭優勢之影響研究。國立暨南國際大學國際企業學研究所碩士論文，未出版，南投縣。9. 施淑惠（2001）。人際網絡對電腦態度之影響：以台北市政府基層公務員為例。元智大學資訊社會學硏究所碩士論文，未出版，桃園縣。10. 洪世章、陳忠賢（2000）。台灣企業集團的發展是漸趨同形嗎？台大管理論叢，11(1)，p.73~101。11. 徐中琦（1996）。多國籍企業的新挑戰－國際營運與組織能力。經濟情勢暨評論季刊，第2卷第2期。12. 翁存義（2006）。臺灣鋼鐵業大陸投資的關鍵成功因素。國立中山大學管理學院高階經營碩士學程在職專班碩士論文，未出版，高雄市。13. 張苙雲（主編）（1999）。網絡台灣－企業的人情關係與經濟理性。臺北市：遠流出版事業股份有限公司。14. 張苙雲、譚康榮（1999）。形構產業網絡。載於張苙雲（主編），網絡台灣－企業的人情關係與經濟理性（17~64頁）。臺北市：遠流出版事業股份有限公司。15. 陳金在（2003）。企業轉型與國際化之實證研究－以台灣鋼鐵產業為例。國立成功大學企業管理研究所高階管理碩士在職專班碩士論文，未出版，台南市。16. 陳俊彰（2001）。從網頁中發掘教師知識分佈圖。國立中山大學資訊管理研究所碩士論文，未出版，高雄市。17. 黃延真（2001）。產業網絡與企業對外投資--以鋼鐵產業為例。國立中山大學企業管理研究所碩士論文，未出版，高雄市。18. 楊逸民（2000）。資訊化組織員工人際關係網絡對工作滿足與組織承諾的影響－與科層式組織之比較。元智大學資訊社會學硏究所碩士論文，未出版，桃園縣。19. 經濟部中小企業處（2004）。中小企業白皮書（GPN：1009302527）。台北市：作者。20. 謝之駿（2007）。煉鐵煉鋼的真功夫－百鍊成鋼。科學發展，417，p.44~48.21. 謝明瑞（2001）。台灣鋼鐵業的發展（編號：財金（研）090-072號）。臺北市：財團法人國家政策研究基金會。22. 蕭新煌、王宏仁、龔宜君（主編）（2002）。台商在東南亞：網絡、認同與全球化。台北市：中央研究院亞太研究計畫。 二、英文部份1. 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