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題名 軟體開放式創新之研究-以Google公司為例
Research on software open Innovation-A case study of Google作者 陳信成 貢獻者 吳豐祥
陳信成關鍵詞 軟體
開放式創新
平台型經營
Google日期 2009 上傳時間 9-May-2016 11:54:32 (UTC+8) 摘要 現今企業處於高度競爭的經營環境,面對市場需求快速變動,企業需不斷的提昇核心競爭力以能推出創新性新產品、服務或新技術以能使企業持續成長。在知識經濟的環境裡,產品開發所需的技術與知識比重越來越高,但相對的知識越來越分散,以致企業開發新產品所需投入的研發比重持續上升。\r\n Chesbrough (2003)認為,企業過去「封閉式創新」的作法已不符合競爭環境的需求,企業為提高競爭力,必須走向「開放性創新」。「開放性創新」的思維在軟體產業裡已是的創新來源,網路世界最基本的法則就是越多人用就越有價值,透過開放式原始碼與開放式軟體API,讓企業外部的開發者運用企業的資源,貢獻他的創意,才能快速滿足網路使用者需求,這也讓企業能吸收外部知識,進而更新企業的核心能力,提昇競爭力。\r\n 本研究在文獻探討部份,以開放式創新、軟體開放式平台與動態能耐三部份為主,其中在探討軟體開放式平台,分為外部技術網路、虛擬社群創新與平台領導者三個子構面加以探討。個案分析選擇軟體產業的領導廠商-Google為個案分析公司,藉由專訪的初級資料與其他次級資料,歸納出個案公司採用開放式創新的思維,運用軟體開放式平台的經營,並因應外部環境更新企業核心能力的方式。\r\n 本研究的結論分為兩部份:一是在「開放式創新」的概念下,軟體企業建立開放性平台以連結與運用外部資源的做法包含︰定義企業經營的範疇、建立虛擬互動平台、建立與管理社群與創造平台價值。二是軟體公司透過開放式創新,建立企業動態能耐的做法有︰確認價值活動、強化專屬資產、建立知識管理機制與規劃扁平的組織結構。
\"第一章 緒論-----------------------------------------------1\r\n第一節 研究動機------------------------------------1\r\n第二節 研究目的------------------------------------3\r\n第二章 文獻探討--------------------------------------------4\r\n第一節 開放式創新----------------------------------4 第二節 軟體開放式平台-----------------------------13\r\n第三節 動態能耐-----------------------------------30\r\n第四節 結論--------------------------------------38\r\n第三章 研究方法-------------------------------------------40\r\n第一節 研究架構-----------------------------------40\r\n第二節 研究變數說明-------------------------------41\r\n第三節 研究設計-----------------------------------46\r\n第四章 個案分析-------------------------------------------48\r\n第一節 Google的歷史延革---------------------------48\r\n第二節 Google開放式創新---------------------------51\r\n第三節 Google軟體開放式平台-----------------------57\r\n第四節 Google動態能耐-----------------------------67\r\n第五章 研究發現與討論-------------------------------------78\r\n第一節 開放式創新---------------------------------78 第二節 軟體開放式平台-----------------------------84\r\n第三節 動態能耐------------------------------------------93\r\n第四節 其他研究發現---------------------------------------98\r\n第六章 研究結論與建議\r\n第一節 研究結論----------------------------------103 第二節 建議-------------------------------------105\r\n第七章 參考文獻-----------------------------------------107\r\n一 中文資料------------------------------------------107\r\n二 英文資料------------------------------------------107\r\n附錄一 -------------------------------------------------111\r\n附錄二 -------------------------------------------------113參考文獻 一、中文資料\r\n1. 王緯中 (2000),台灣軟體產業創新平台之硏究。政冶大學科技管理硏究所碩士論文\r\n2. 王睿 (2003),「虛擬社群」,網路社會學通訊期刊,第33期\r\n3. 台灣Google 游副總,民97年12月10日,「從Google服務看創新與創意」講座.\r\n4. 台灣Google 游副總,民97年12月10日,訪談\r\n5. 自由軟體焦點議題評析,民97年3月31日,財團法人資訊工業策進會\r\n6. 李芳齡譯 (2007),Henry Chesbrough著,開放式經營–創新獲利新典範,天下雜誌\r\n7. 李芳齡譯 (2007),Evans David S., Schmalensee Richard著,企業觸媒策略:觸媒型企業多邊平台的制勝法則,天下雜誌\r\n8. 李熙偉 (2002),軟體的開放與封閉 : 不同軟體授權協議下,軟體廠商組織知識創造平台之硏究。輔仁大學管理學硏究所碩士論文\r\n9. 朱文禎與陳哲賢(2007),「探討虛擬社群之知識分享行為:以線上遊戲社群為例」,電子商務研究,2007年春季第五卷,第一期,頁55-80\r\n10. 陳靖旻 (2008),影響虛擬社群成員知識分享因素之探討-社會資本理論觀點。中央大學資訊管理硏究所碩士論文\r\n11. 鹿荷(2007),Google如何讓世界變平,普天出版社\r\n12. 陳靖旻 (2008),影響虛擬社群成員知識分享因素之探討-社會資本理論觀點。中央大學資訊管理硏究所碩士論文\r\n13. 蕭美惠、林秀津(2006),David A. Vise & Mark Malseed,翻動世界的Google,時報出版\r\n14. 羅耀宗(2004),Google:Google成功的七堂課,梅霖文化\r\n15. 羅耀宗(2004),第二波網路創業家,梅霖文化\r\n16. 羅松濤(2007),全球第一搜尋引擎:Google,漢宇\r\n\r\n二、英文資料\r\n1. Ahari, Kameran (2008), “Google & Microsoft`s Open-Source Strategy”.\r\n2. Baym, N. K. (1994), “The emergence of community. Cybersociety: Computer-mediated communication and community”, Professional development Computer and Education, 24(3), pp.247-255.\r\n3. Chang, Ai-Mei, P.K. Kannan, Andrew B. Whinston (1999), ”Electronic Communities as Intermediaries: the Issues and Economics”, Proceedings of the 32nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.\r\n4. Chen, Jason (2008), Android, Google 2008 developer day Taipei.\r\n5. Chesbrough, Henry (2007) “Business model innovation: it`s not just about technology anymore”, Strategy and Leadership, 35(6), pp.12-17. \r\n6. Chesbrough, Henry & Kevin Schwartz (2007), “Innovating Business Models with Co-Development Partnerships”, Research-Technology Management, 50(1), pp.55-59. \r\n7. Chesbrough, Henry; Wim Vanhaverbeke & Joel West, (2006 eds.), Open Innovation: Researching a New Paradigm, Oxford University Press. \r\n8. Chesbrough, Henry (2003), Open Innovations: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology, Harvard Business School Press. \r\n9. Chesbrough, Henry (2007), “Why Companies Should Have Open Business Models”, MIT Sloan Management Review, 48(2), pp.22-28.\r\n10. Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1990), “Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 35: pp.128-152.\r\n11. Evans, David S. & Richard Schmalensee (2007), Catalyst Code: The Strategies behind the World’s Most Dynamic Companies, Harvard Business School Press.\r\n12. Etzioni ,Amitai & Oren Etzioni (1999), “Face-to-Face and Computer-Mediated Communities, A Comparative Analysis”, The Information Society Vol. 15, No. 4, pp.241-248.\r\n13. Gawer, Annabelle, Michael A. Cusumano (2002), “The Elements of Platform Leadership”, MIT Sloan Management Review, 43(3), pp.51-58. \r\n14. Gawer, Annabelle, Michael A. Cusumano (2008), “How Companies Become Platform Leaders”, MIT Sloan Management Review, 49(2), pp.28-35.\r\n15. Google Annual Report 2007.\r\n16. Hamel, Gary, Breen (2007), Aiming for an Evolutionary Advantage, Harvard Business School Press.\r\n17. Iansiti, M., Clark, K. B.(1994), “Integration and dynamics capability: evidence from product development in automobiles and mainframe computers”, Industrial and Corporate Change, 3, pp.557-605\r\n18. Iyer ,Bala & Thomas H. Davenport (2008)﹐”Reverse Engineering Google`s Innovation Machine”﹐Harvard Business Review.\r\n19. Johann, F., Michael B., Holger E., Hans M. (2006), “Community based innovation: How to integrate members of virtual communities into new product development”, Electronic Commerce Research, 6(1), pp57-73.\r\n20. Kuaunoki k., Nonaka I. & Nagata A. (1998), “Organizational Capabilities in Product Development of Japanese Firms: A Conceptual Framework and Empirical Findings”, Organization Science, Vol.9, No.6, 1998\r\n21. Luo, Y. (2000), “Dynamic capabilities in international expansion”, Journal of World Business, 35(4), pp.355-378.\r\n22. Moody, Glyn (2008), Google`s Secret Weapon.\r\n23. Nambisan ,Satish & Mohanbir Sawhney(2007), “A Buyer’s Guide to the Innovation Bazaar”, Harvard Business Review, June. 2007.\r\n24. Nonaka, I. & Hirotaka, T.(1995), The Knowledge-Creating Company, N.Y.: Oxford University Press.\r\n25. Nonaka, I. (2007), “The Knowledge-Creating Company”, Harvard Business Review. June, 2007.\r\n26. Nonaka, I., & Konno, N.(1998), “The concept of ba: building a foundation for knowledge creation”, California Management Review, 40(3):46.\r\n27. Powell, W.W.; Koput, K.W. & Smith-Doerr, L. (1996), “Interorganizational collaboration and locus of innovation: Networks of learning in Biotechnology”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 41,pp.116-145.\r\n28. Prahalad, C. K. & V. Ramaswamy (2004), The Future of Competition: Co-Creating Unique Value with Customers, Harvard Business School Press.\r\n29. Prahalad, C. K., Hamel, G. (1990), “The core Competence of Corporation”, Harvard Business Review, 68(3), pp.79-91\r\n30. Rheingold, H. (1993),The Virtual Community, MA: Addison-Wesley. \r\n31. Romm, C., Plisjin, N. R. (1997), “Virtual communities and society: Toward and Integrative three phase model”, International Journal of Information Management, 17(4), pp.261-270.\r\n32. Rodriguez, Evelyn (2003),Google Product Development/Management Process.\r\n33. Tampoe, M. (1994), “Exploiting the core competence of your organization”, Long Range Planning, 27(4), pp.66-77. \r\n34. Teece, D. J. (1998), “Capturing value from knowledge assets: the new economy, markets for know-how, and intangible assets”, California Management Review, 40, pp.55-79.\r\n35. Teece, D.J., Pisano, G. (1994), “The dynamic capabilities of firms: an introduction”, Industrial and Corporate Change, 3, pp.537-556\r\n36. Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., Shuen, A. (1997), “Dynamic capabilities and strategic Management. Strategic Management Journal”, 18, pp.509-533.\r\n37. Thomas R . Eisenmann, Kerry Herman(2006), Google Inc., Harvard Business School.\r\n38. Tripsas, M.(1997), “Surviving radical technological change through dynamic capability: Evidence from the typesetter industry”, Industrial and Corporate Change, 6, pp.341-377.\r\n39. von Hippel, Eric (2005), Democratizing innovation, Cambridge. MA: MIT Press.\r\n40. von Hippel, Eric (2002), “Horizontal innovation networks—by and for users. Working Paper”, MIT Sloan School of Management.\r\n41. von Hippel, Eric (2001), “Innovation by User Communities: Learning from Open Source Software”, MIT Sloan Management Review, 42(4), pp.82-86.\r\n42. Williams, R., & Cothrel, J. (2000), “Four smart ways to run online community”, Sloan Management Review, 2000, 41(4), pp. 81-91.\r\n43. Yeh, Ping(2007), Google and open source, Google 2007 developer day Taipei. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
經營管理碩士學程(EMBA)
95932084資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095932084 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 吳豐祥 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳信成 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) 陳信成 zh_TW dc.date (日期) 2009 en_US dc.date.accessioned 9-May-2016 11:54:32 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 9-May-2016 11:54:32 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 9-May-2016 11:54:32 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0095932084 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/item?item_id=106936 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 經營管理碩士學程(EMBA) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 95932084 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 現今企業處於高度競爭的經營環境,面對市場需求快速變動,企業需不斷的提昇核心競爭力以能推出創新性新產品、服務或新技術以能使企業持續成長。在知識經濟的環境裡,產品開發所需的技術與知識比重越來越高,但相對的知識越來越分散,以致企業開發新產品所需投入的研發比重持續上升。\r\n Chesbrough (2003)認為,企業過去「封閉式創新」的作法已不符合競爭環境的需求,企業為提高競爭力,必須走向「開放性創新」。「開放性創新」的思維在軟體產業裡已是的創新來源,網路世界最基本的法則就是越多人用就越有價值,透過開放式原始碼與開放式軟體API,讓企業外部的開發者運用企業的資源,貢獻他的創意,才能快速滿足網路使用者需求,這也讓企業能吸收外部知識,進而更新企業的核心能力,提昇競爭力。\r\n 本研究在文獻探討部份,以開放式創新、軟體開放式平台與動態能耐三部份為主,其中在探討軟體開放式平台,分為外部技術網路、虛擬社群創新與平台領導者三個子構面加以探討。個案分析選擇軟體產業的領導廠商-Google為個案分析公司,藉由專訪的初級資料與其他次級資料,歸納出個案公司採用開放式創新的思維,運用軟體開放式平台的經營,並因應外部環境更新企業核心能力的方式。\r\n 本研究的結論分為兩部份:一是在「開放式創新」的概念下,軟體企業建立開放性平台以連結與運用外部資源的做法包含︰定義企業經營的範疇、建立虛擬互動平台、建立與管理社群與創造平台價值。二是軟體公司透過開放式創新,建立企業動態能耐的做法有︰確認價值活動、強化專屬資產、建立知識管理機制與規劃扁平的組織結構。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) \"第一章 緒論-----------------------------------------------1\r\n第一節 研究動機------------------------------------1\r\n第二節 研究目的------------------------------------3\r\n第二章 文獻探討--------------------------------------------4\r\n第一節 開放式創新----------------------------------4 第二節 軟體開放式平台-----------------------------13\r\n第三節 動態能耐-----------------------------------30\r\n第四節 結論--------------------------------------38\r\n第三章 研究方法-------------------------------------------40\r\n第一節 研究架構-----------------------------------40\r\n第二節 研究變數說明-------------------------------41\r\n第三節 研究設計-----------------------------------46\r\n第四章 個案分析-------------------------------------------48\r\n第一節 Google的歷史延革---------------------------48\r\n第二節 Google開放式創新---------------------------51\r\n第三節 Google軟體開放式平台-----------------------57\r\n第四節 Google動態能耐-----------------------------67\r\n第五章 研究發現與討論-------------------------------------78\r\n第一節 開放式創新---------------------------------78 第二節 軟體開放式平台-----------------------------84\r\n第三節 動態能耐------------------------------------------93\r\n第四節 其他研究發現---------------------------------------98\r\n第六章 研究結論與建議\r\n第一節 研究結論----------------------------------103 第二節 建議-------------------------------------105\r\n第七章 參考文獻-----------------------------------------107\r\n一 中文資料------------------------------------------107\r\n二 英文資料------------------------------------------107\r\n附錄一 -------------------------------------------------111\r\n附錄二 -------------------------------------------------113 - dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論-----------------------------------------------1\r\n 第一節 研究動機------------------------------------1\r\n 第二節 研究目的------------------------------------3\r\n第二章 文獻探討--------------------------------------------4\r\n 第一節 開放式創新----------------------------------4 第二節 軟體開放式平台-----------------------------13\r\n 第三節 動態能耐-----------------------------------30\r\n 第四節 結論--------------------------------------38\r\n第三章 研究方法-------------------------------------------40\r\n 第一節 研究架構-----------------------------------40\r\n 第二節 研究變數說明-------------------------------41\r\n 第三節 研究設計-----------------------------------46\r\n第四章 個案分析-------------------------------------------48\r\n 第一節 Google的歷史延革---------------------------48\r\n 第二節 Google開放式創新---------------------------51\r\n 第三節 Google軟體開放式平台-----------------------57\r\n 第四節 Google動態能耐-----------------------------67\r\n第五章 研究發現與討論-------------------------------------78\r\n 第一節 開放式創新---------------------------------78 第二節 軟體開放式平台-----------------------------84\r\n第三節 動態能耐------------------------------------------93\r\n第四節 其他研究發現---------------------------------------98\r\n第六章 研究結論與建議\r\n 第一節 研究結論----------------------------------103 第二節 建議-------------------------------------105\r\n第七章 參考文獻-----------------------------------------107\r\n一 中文資料------------------------------------------107\r\n二 英文資料------------------------------------------107\r\n附錄一 -------------------------------------------------111\r\n附錄二 -------------------------------------------------113 zh_TW dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095932084 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 軟體 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 開放式創新 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 平台型經營 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Google en_US dc.title (題名) 軟體開放式創新之研究-以Google公司為例 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Research on software open Innovation-A case study of Google en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文資料\r\n1. 王緯中 (2000),台灣軟體產業創新平台之硏究。政冶大學科技管理硏究所碩士論文\r\n2. 王睿 (2003),「虛擬社群」,網路社會學通訊期刊,第33期\r\n3. 台灣Google 游副總,民97年12月10日,「從Google服務看創新與創意」講座.\r\n4. 台灣Google 游副總,民97年12月10日,訪談\r\n5. 自由軟體焦點議題評析,民97年3月31日,財團法人資訊工業策進會\r\n6. 李芳齡譯 (2007),Henry Chesbrough著,開放式經營–創新獲利新典範,天下雜誌\r\n7. 李芳齡譯 (2007),Evans David S., Schmalensee Richard著,企業觸媒策略:觸媒型企業多邊平台的制勝法則,天下雜誌\r\n8. 李熙偉 (2002),軟體的開放與封閉 : 不同軟體授權協議下,軟體廠商組織知識創造平台之硏究。輔仁大學管理學硏究所碩士論文\r\n9. 朱文禎與陳哲賢(2007),「探討虛擬社群之知識分享行為:以線上遊戲社群為例」,電子商務研究,2007年春季第五卷,第一期,頁55-80\r\n10. 陳靖旻 (2008),影響虛擬社群成員知識分享因素之探討-社會資本理論觀點。中央大學資訊管理硏究所碩士論文\r\n11. 鹿荷(2007),Google如何讓世界變平,普天出版社\r\n12. 陳靖旻 (2008),影響虛擬社群成員知識分享因素之探討-社會資本理論觀點。中央大學資訊管理硏究所碩士論文\r\n13. 蕭美惠、林秀津(2006),David A. Vise & Mark Malseed,翻動世界的Google,時報出版\r\n14. 羅耀宗(2004),Google:Google成功的七堂課,梅霖文化\r\n15. 羅耀宗(2004),第二波網路創業家,梅霖文化\r\n16. 羅松濤(2007),全球第一搜尋引擎:Google,漢宇\r\n\r\n二、英文資料\r\n1. Ahari, Kameran (2008), “Google & Microsoft`s Open-Source Strategy”.\r\n2. Baym, N. K. (1994), “The emergence of community. Cybersociety: Computer-mediated communication and community”, Professional development Computer and Education, 24(3), pp.247-255.\r\n3. Chang, Ai-Mei, P.K. Kannan, Andrew B. Whinston (1999), ”Electronic Communities as Intermediaries: the Issues and Economics”, Proceedings of the 32nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.\r\n4. Chen, Jason (2008), Android, Google 2008 developer day Taipei.\r\n5. Chesbrough, Henry (2007) “Business model innovation: it`s not just about technology anymore”, Strategy and Leadership, 35(6), pp.12-17. \r\n6. 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(2006), “Community based innovation: How to integrate members of virtual communities into new product development”, Electronic Commerce Research, 6(1), pp57-73.\r\n20. Kuaunoki k., Nonaka I. & Nagata A. (1998), “Organizational Capabilities in Product Development of Japanese Firms: A Conceptual Framework and Empirical Findings”, Organization Science, Vol.9, No.6, 1998\r\n21. Luo, Y. (2000), “Dynamic capabilities in international expansion”, Journal of World Business, 35(4), pp.355-378.\r\n22. Moody, Glyn (2008), Google`s Secret Weapon.\r\n23. Nambisan ,Satish & Mohanbir Sawhney(2007), “A Buyer’s Guide to the Innovation Bazaar”, Harvard Business Review, June. 2007.\r\n24. Nonaka, I. & Hirotaka, T.(1995), The Knowledge-Creating Company, N.Y.: Oxford University Press.\r\n25. Nonaka, I. (2007), “The Knowledge-Creating Company”, Harvard Business Review. June, 2007.\r\n26. Nonaka, I., & Konno, N.(1998), “The concept of ba: building a foundation for knowledge creation”, California Management Review, 40(3):46.\r\n27. Powell, W.W.; Koput, K.W. & Smith-Doerr, L. (1996), “Interorganizational collaboration and locus of innovation: Networks of learning in Biotechnology”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 41,pp.116-145.\r\n28. Prahalad, C. K. & V. Ramaswamy (2004), The Future of Competition: Co-Creating Unique Value with Customers, Harvard Business School Press.\r\n29. Prahalad, C. K., Hamel, G. (1990), “The core Competence of Corporation”, Harvard Business Review, 68(3), pp.79-91\r\n30. Rheingold, H. (1993),The Virtual Community, MA: Addison-Wesley. \r\n31. Romm, C., Plisjin, N. R. (1997), “Virtual communities and society: Toward and Integrative three phase model”, International Journal of Information Management, 17(4), pp.261-270.\r\n32. Rodriguez, Evelyn (2003),Google Product Development/Management Process.\r\n33. Tampoe, M. (1994), “Exploiting the core competence of your organization”, Long Range Planning, 27(4), pp.66-77. \r\n34. Teece, D. J. (1998), “Capturing value from knowledge assets: the new economy, markets for know-how, and intangible assets”, California Management Review, 40, pp.55-79.\r\n35. Teece, D.J., Pisano, G. (1994), “The dynamic capabilities of firms: an introduction”, Industrial and Corporate Change, 3, pp.537-556\r\n36. Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., Shuen, A. (1997), “Dynamic capabilities and strategic Management. Strategic Management Journal”, 18, pp.509-533.\r\n37. Thomas R . Eisenmann, Kerry Herman(2006), Google Inc., Harvard Business School.\r\n38. Tripsas, M.(1997), “Surviving radical technological change through dynamic capability: Evidence from the typesetter industry”, Industrial and Corporate Change, 6, pp.341-377.\r\n39. von Hippel, Eric (2005), Democratizing innovation, Cambridge. MA: MIT Press.\r\n40. von Hippel, Eric (2002), “Horizontal innovation networks—by and for users. 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