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題名 從超脫之理論與實踐看艾克哈特之密契主義
The Theory and Practice of Detachment in Meister
作者 黃恩鄰
Huang, En-Lin
貢獻者 蔡彥仁
黃恩鄰
Huang,En-Lin
關鍵詞 密契主義
艾克哈特
密契經驗
超脫
mysticism
mystical experience
Meister Eckhart
detachment
日期 2008
上傳時間 9-May-2016 11:57:20 (UTC+8)
摘要 不同於過去將密契經驗侷限於一特殊意識狀態的經驗，本文試圖從艾克哈特關於超脫
     的觀點來說明密契主義和其經驗的形式如何受到其社會與時代背景所影響。
     過去學者的研究說明艾克哈特關於超脫的概念，是其形而上學和密契主義的核心。但
     超脫此一概念不僅是密契主義中用以顯示辯證法和否性神學的形而上概念，從艾克哈特的德
     文著作中我們還可以發現該辭彙的產生與其所面對的聽眾和當下的信仰情境息息相關。
     艾克哈特將信徒在信仰操作上所遇到的困境和壓力視為一種苦難的來源，因而以童貞
     婦人的形象要求信徒應當轉而重視信仰的態度，以超脫的態度在入世或既有的宗教生活中實
     踐其信仰，最後達到沒有原因的生活與意志的貧乏。艾克哈特關於超脫所建構出來的密契經
     驗有著與其時代相關社會的、實踐的或倫理學上的生成因。
     此外，透過對 Gezücken 等辭彙的探討，我們發現超脫一概念包含著形而上學、倫理
     學和密契的不同層次。這些層次說明了艾克哈特對密契經驗的概念並指導他的聽眾如何正確
     的對待自己的宗教經驗。超脫因而是艾克哈特密契經驗的主題，實踐和內容。
     我們因而可以說，在艾克哈特的範例中，密契主義及其經驗具有不同層面，並且如同
     史蒂芬卡茲所說，是一種處在宗教、文化等生活實境中所建構的經驗形式。
By studying the concept of "Detachment" of Meister Eckhart, this article
     presents that the forms of mysticism and mystical experience are influenced and
     restricted by its own social and religious contexts.
     According to previous studies of scholars, the idea of "Detachment" is a
     central and metaphysical idea of Meister Eckhart`s Mysticism. However, the idea
     of "Detachment" is not only a concept that contents neoplatonical idea of dialectic
     and negative theology but also a concept that responds to its contemporary
     religious trends which we can find in Eckhart`s German works.
     Eckhart considered the heavy pressure of religious practices as sufferings
     and persuaded his audiences to concentrate on their own detached attitudes
     instead. He suggested that the life of detachment was a model of "virgin wife" that
     presented purest religious life in the normal daily life, and the purpose was to live
     without a why and to reach spiritual poverty. The mysticism of Meister Eckhart,
     which has "detachment" as its central idea, therefore has its social, practical, and
     ethical causes.
     Meanwhile, by studying the concept of Gezücken, we found that the idea of
     "Detachment" is a concept combined with metaphysical, ethical, and mystical
     layers. These layers presents in Eckhart`s discourse about mystical experience
     and direct his audiences to treat their religious experiences with correct attitudes.
     "Detachment" therefore is both the main theme, the criteria, and the content of
     Eckhart`s idea of mystical experiences.
     We can finally conclude that, like Steven Katz`s theory, in the situation of
     Meister Eckhart the mystical experience is a experience formulated by its own
     religious and cultural situations, a experience that "Sitz im Leben".
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     -------- ，〈艾克哈密契思想與思想傳統關係初探〉，《哲學與文化 第》，31卷第12期
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     -------- ，《艾克哈研究》，新莊市：輔大出版社，2006。
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     蘇遠泰，〈人可以成神？〉，《道風：基督教文化評論》，22(2005)，201-229。
     其他參考資料
     英文著作
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     2005。
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     --------，《新教倫理與資本主義精神》，于曉、陳維綱譯，台北：唐山出版社，1991。
     陶弘景，《新譯養性延命錄》，台北：三民，1997
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
宗教研究所
93156006
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0931560061
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 蔡彥仁zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 黃恩鄰zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Huang,En-Linen_US
dc.creator (作者) 黃恩鄰zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Huang, En-Linen_US
dc.date (日期) 2008en_US
dc.date.accessioned 9-May-2016 11:57:20 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 9-May-2016 11:57:20 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 9-May-2016 11:57:20 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0931560061en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/94834-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 宗教研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 93156006zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 不同於過去將密契經驗侷限於一特殊意識狀態的經驗，本文試圖從艾克哈特關於超脫
     的觀點來說明密契主義和其經驗的形式如何受到其社會與時代背景所影響。
     過去學者的研究說明艾克哈特關於超脫的概念，是其形而上學和密契主義的核心。但
     超脫此一概念不僅是密契主義中用以顯示辯證法和否性神學的形而上概念，從艾克哈特的德
     文著作中我們還可以發現該辭彙的產生與其所面對的聽眾和當下的信仰情境息息相關。
     艾克哈特將信徒在信仰操作上所遇到的困境和壓力視為一種苦難的來源，因而以童貞
     婦人的形象要求信徒應當轉而重視信仰的態度，以超脫的態度在入世或既有的宗教生活中實
     踐其信仰，最後達到沒有原因的生活與意志的貧乏。艾克哈特關於超脫所建構出來的密契經
     驗有著與其時代相關社會的、實踐的或倫理學上的生成因。
     此外，透過對 Gezücken 等辭彙的探討，我們發現超脫一概念包含著形而上學、倫理
     學和密契的不同層次。這些層次說明了艾克哈特對密契經驗的概念並指導他的聽眾如何正確
     的對待自己的宗教經驗。超脫因而是艾克哈特密契經驗的主題，實踐和內容。
     我們因而可以說，在艾克哈特的範例中，密契主義及其經驗具有不同層面，並且如同
     史蒂芬卡茲所說，是一種處在宗教、文化等生活實境中所建構的經驗形式。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) By studying the concept of "Detachment" of Meister Eckhart, this article
     presents that the forms of mysticism and mystical experience are influenced and
     restricted by its own social and religious contexts.
     According to previous studies of scholars, the idea of "Detachment" is a
     central and metaphysical idea of Meister Eckhart`s Mysticism. However, the idea
     of "Detachment" is not only a concept that contents neoplatonical idea of dialectic
     and negative theology but also a concept that responds to its contemporary
     religious trends which we can find in Eckhart`s German works.
     Eckhart considered the heavy pressure of religious practices as sufferings
     and persuaded his audiences to concentrate on their own detached attitudes
     instead. He suggested that the life of detachment was a model of "virgin wife" that
     presented purest religious life in the normal daily life, and the purpose was to live
     without a why and to reach spiritual poverty. The mysticism of Meister Eckhart,
     which has "detachment" as its central idea, therefore has its social, practical, and
     ethical causes.
     Meanwhile, by studying the concept of Gezücken, we found that the idea of
     "Detachment" is a concept combined with metaphysical, ethical, and mystical
     layers. These layers presents in Eckhart`s discourse about mystical experience
     and direct his audiences to treat their religious experiences with correct attitudes.
     "Detachment" therefore is both the main theme, the criteria, and the content of
     Eckhart`s idea of mystical experiences.
     We can finally conclude that, like Steven Katz`s theory, in the situation of
     Meister Eckhart the mystical experience is a experience formulated by its own
     religious and cultural situations, a experience that "Sitz im Leben".		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 緒論...........................................................................................................................................................1
     第一節：研究動機.............................................................................................................................1
     第二節：研究目的.............................................................................................................................6
     1. 「超脫」與艾克哈特之密契主義.................................................................6
     2. 密契主義及其經驗者之生命經驗.................................................................7
     第三節：文獻檢討.............................................................................................................................8
     1. 對於其文本的整理與翻譯.........................................................................8
     2. 艾克哈特之思想主題及其否性神學的探討...................................................9
     3. 對於其影響和時代的探討.......................................................................13
     4. 密契主義之界定與密契經驗之研究............................................................15
     5. 小結.....................................................................................................18
     第四節：研究方法與章節安排......................................................................................................19
     第一章：艾克哈特之生平及其時代..................................................................................................21
     第一節：十二至十三世紀的歐洲基督教世界............................................................................21
     1. 十二、三世紀的社會變遷........................................................................21
     2. 教會與修院改革.....................................................................................22
     3. 使徒生活與異端的興起............................................................................25
     4. 托缽僧團的出現.....................................................................................27
     5. 貝居安運動...........................................................................................30
     第二節：艾克哈特之生平與思想.................................................................................................31
     1. 艾克哈特之生平與著作............................................................................31
     2. 艾克哈特之著作與他的聽眾.....................................................................35
     3. 新型態之密契主義..................................................................................36
     第三節：小結...................................................................................................................................38
     1. 由民間而來的變遷力量............................................................................38
     2. 艾克哈特與十三世紀之新興密契主義.........................................................38
     第二章：超脫與艾克哈特思想的主題..............................................................................................40
     第一節：艾克哈特的思想概要......................................................................................................40
     1. 歸類與系統化的難題...............................................................................40
     2. 超脫一辭之定義與使用............................................................................43
     3. 超脫與根基的密契主義............................................................................44
     4. 類比的合一與辯證的關係........................................................................46
     第二節：上帝與靈魂的根基..........................................................................................................47
     1. 空無與否性的神觀..................................................................................47
     2. 神性與上帝的根基..................................................................................50
     2. 靈魂的根基...........................................................................................53
     3. 上帝的根基就是靈魂的根基.....................................................................55
     第三節：基督與靈魂的生養..........................................................................................................56
     1. 沸騰與湧出...........................................................................................56
     2. 生養與其經驗........................................................................................59
     3. 動靜之間...............................................................................................63
     4. 靈魂向上帝的生養..................................................................................65
     iv
     第四節：突破上帝的根基與沒有原因的生活............................................................................67
     1. 流出與回歸的形而上學............................................................................67
     2. 合一的路徑...........................................................................................70
     3. 超脫與突破的實踐..................................................................................72
     4. 在地如在天...........................................................................................75
     第五節：小結...................................................................................................................................78
     1. 超脫如何作為艾克哈特思想的主題............................................................78
     2. 寂靜的深淵與擾動的上帝........................................................................79
     3. 超脫與信仰的告白..................................................................................80
     第三章：超脫及其時代........................................................................................................................81
     第一節：超脫的形而上學與倫理學.............................................................................................81
     1. 向倫理學的轉向.....................................................................................81
     2. 形而上學言說中的倫理學隱喻..................................................................83
     3. 超脫作為一最高的德性............................................................................87
     4. 超脫如何成為可能..................................................................................89
     5. 受苦吧，憂傷的人！...............................................................................92
     第二節：超脫與信仰的實踐..........................................................................................................95
     1. 對《教誨錄》的探討...............................................................................95
     2. 態度是一切行為的標準............................................................................96
     3. 沒有不安的信仰生活...............................................................................98
     4. 成為童貞婦人......................................................................................100
     第三節：超脫與貝居安的世界....................................................................................................104
     1. 貝居安波麗之死...................................................................................104
     2. 憂傷的靈魂與靈性的進程.......................................................................107
     3. 波麗之論尊貴性...................................................................................110
     4. 艾克哈特與波麗之「尊貴性」的比較.......................................................113
     第四節：小結.................................................................................................................................116
     1. 密契主義中的倫理學維度.......................................................................116
     2. 密契經驗與德性的實踐..........................................................................117
     第四章：超脫與艾克哈特的密契經驗............................................................................................119
     第一節：密契主義與密契經驗....................................................................................................119
     1. 從近代密契主義之發源看密契經驗..........................................................119
     2. 史蒂芬卡茲與密契經驗做為一普遍經驗的探討..........................................123
     3. 弗曼與 「純粹意識事件」之理論............................................................125
     4. 密契經驗的權威...................................................................................129
     5. 做為生命經驗的密契經驗.......................................................................132
     第二節：超脫的密契經驗............................................................................................................133
     1. 對艾克哈特之密契經驗的探討................................................................133
     2. Gezücken 與艾克哈特之密契經驗..........................................................134
     3. 對 Gezücken 做為一種密契經驗的探討..................................................135
     4. 辯證的密契經驗...................................................................................138
     5. 信仰經驗作為一種密契經驗...................................................................139
     6. 超脫做為密契經驗 ...............................................................................142
     第三節：小結.................................................................................................................................144
     v
     第五章：結論......................................................................................................................................145
     第一節：從超脫看艾克哈特的密契主義...................................................................................145
     1. 超脫為艾克哈特思想的中心主題.............................................................145
     2. 從超脫看來自信仰經驗的密契主義..........................................................146
     3. 密契經驗之言說具有多重面向................................................................147
     4. 「生活實境」中的密契主義...................................................................148
     第二節：對密契經驗問題之再思...............................................................................................148
     1. 何謂密契經驗......................................................................................148
     2. 關於普遍性的密契經驗..........................................................................149
     3. 密契經驗的社會性與生命經驗................................................................150
     第三節：研究限制與問題探討....................................................................................................150
     1. 對研究方法之檢討................................................................................150
     2. 對密契主義理論之研究..........................................................................151
     3. 未來研究之展望與方向..........................................................................152
     4. 筆者的身份與立場................................................................................152
     引用書目..............................................................................................................................................154
     原始文獻與翻譯.............................................................................................................................154
     艾克哈特與密契主義研究............................................................................................................155
     英文著作.................................................................................................155
     中文著作與翻譯.......................................................................................162
     其他參考資料.................................................................................................................................162
     英文著作.................................................................................................162
     中文著作與翻譯.......................................................................................164
     vi		zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0931560061en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 密契主義zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 艾克哈特zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 密契經驗zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 超脫zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) mysticismen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) mystical experienceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Meister Eckharten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) detachmenten_US
dc.title (題名) 從超脫之理論與實踐看艾克哈特之密契主義zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Theory and Practice of Detachment in Meisteren_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 原始文獻與翻譯
     Aristotle. On the Soul; Parva Naturalia; On Breath. Cambridge: Harvard University
     Press. 1935.
     Augustine. City of God. trans. John O`Meara. London: Penguin Books Ltd. 1972.
     Julian, of Norwich. Revelations of Divine Love. Baltimore: Penguin Books. 1966.
     Macrobius. Commentary on the Dream of Scipio. trans. William Harris Stahl. New
     York: Columbia University Press. 1966.
     Meister Eckhart, The Works of Meister Eckhart. ed. Franz Pfeiffer. Montana:
     Kessinger Publishing Company, 1924.
     --------. Meister Eckhart: Die latenischen Werke, ed. Josef Koch et al., Vols. I-V,
     Stuttgart-Berlin: Verlag, 1938-75.
     --------. Meister Eckhart: Die deutschen Werke, ed. Josef Quint, Vols. I-V, Stuttgart-
     Berlin: Verlag, 1958-76.
     --------. Deutsche Mystiker des vierzehnten Jahrhunderts. 2 vol., ed. Franz Pfeiffer.
     Leipzig 1854-1857; reprint 1962.
     --------. Parisian Questions and Prologues. trans. Armand A. Maurer C.S.B. Toronto:
     Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, 1974.
     --------. Meister Eckhart: The Essential Sermons, Commentaries, Treatises, and Defense.
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     -------- .〈「神」、「神的根源」 – 艾克哈思想的正統性與文化交流的意義〉，《哲學與
     文化》 ，28 卷 4 期，2001年，315 - 329。
     -------- ，〈密契主義者艾克哈的創造靈修〉，《神學論集 132集》，2002年，
     205-224。
     -------- ，〈艾克哈大師涉及二十八條異端命題初探〉，《輔仁宗教研究》， 7 集，2003
     年，76-117。
     -------- ，〈艾克哈密契思想與思想傳統關係初探〉，《哲學與文化 第》，31卷第12期
     2004.12，79-97。
     -------- ，〈「我是所是」(出三 14) – 艾克哈論存有與本地化意義〉，《輔仁宗教研究》，
     12集，2005年，53-71。
     -------- ，《艾克哈研究》，新莊市：輔大出版社，2006。
     關永中，〈師長艾克哈特(Meister Eckhart) 所提示的靈修歷程〉，《哲學與文化》， 24
     卷3期，1997年，216-249。
     蘇遠泰，〈人可以成神？〉，《道風：基督教文化評論》，22(2005)，201-229。
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