學術產出-學位論文
文章檢視/開啟
書目匯出
-
題名 論戰國時期的推卸責任-攻勢現實主義的觀點及分析
Buckpassing in Warring States Period: a view and analysis from Offensive Realism作者 黃柏維 貢獻者 邱坤玄
黃柏維關鍵詞 攻勢現實主義
推卸責任
戰國時期
相對地理位置
聯盟日期 2008 上傳時間 9-五月-2016 13:29:21 (UTC+8) 摘要 論文摘要 本文最主要討論的核心在於研究國際體系中,國家在何種情形下會偏向抗衡,何種情形下又會偏向於推卸責任?由此本文從攻勢現實主義出發,列出主要三大要素:極性、相對地理位置、有無潛在霸權,針對戰國時期各主要大國的互動行為觀察。本文利用個案分析法,透過控制類比與個案內比較的方式進行研究,總共整理戰國時期的兩百次戰爭紀錄,並且區分為四個主要時期:BC419-360、BC359-318、BC317-260、BC 259-221。藉由衡量潛在霸權國,並且分析各時期的聯盟、戰爭參與國家,證明:一)戰國時期的主要大國如理論所預期,傾向於選擇推卸責任;二)戰國時期的主要大國在多極體系下,其戰略選擇會受潛在霸權國、相對地理位置的影響,在有潛在霸權國、地理位置接近時,大國會選擇抗衡,其餘則傾向於推卸責任。本文同時發現,潛在霸權國的存在不影響戰爭發生的頻率。 關鍵詞:攻勢現實主義、推卸責任、戰國、相對地理位置、聯盟 參考文獻 參考文獻 壹、中文部分 Denis Twitchett、Michael Loewe編,韓復智主譯,劍橋中國史:第一冊秦漢篇。台北:南天書局,1996年。 王元綱,「樂觀的現實主義:國際關係守勢現實主義之評析」,國際關係學報,第18期(2003年12月),頁18-36。 吳玉山,抗衡或扈從-兩岸關係新詮。台北:正中書房,1997年。 何炳棣,「國史上的『大事因緣』解謎:從重建秦墨史實入手」,發表於歷史語言研究所八十週年所慶講座(台北:中央研究院歷史研究所主辦,2008年6月17日) 杜正勝,「試論山東地區編戶齊民之困厄與殘破-六國敗亡的社會史解釋」,歷史語言研究所集刊,第58本第4分(1987年12月),頁673-718。 林天人,戰後台灣的歷史學研究,第二冊:先秦史。台北:國家科學委員會,2004年。 修昔底德著,謝德風譯,伯羅奔尼撒戰爭史。台北:台灣商務印書館,2000年。 陳欣之,「單極體系的形成、維繫與轉換」,問題與研究,第45卷第2期(1996年3、4月),頁111-140。 陳惠琪,「戰國時期和平與戰爭之研究」。政治大學外交研究所碩士論文,1987年。 郭丹,左傳國策研究,北京:人民文學出版社,2004年。 張廖年仲,「守勢現實主義與冷戰後中共的安全政策」。政治大學東亞研究所碩士論文,2005年。 葉自成,春秋戰國時期的中國外交思想。香港:香港社會科學出版社,2003年。 勞榦,「戰國時代的戰爭」,歷史語言研究所集刊,第36本下冊(1966年6月),頁801-828。 「戰國時代的戰爭方法」,歷史語言研究所集刊,第37本上冊(1967年3月),頁47-63。 「秦的統一及其覆亡」,歷史語言研究所集刊,第48本第2分(1977年6月),頁289-308。 「戰國七雄及其他小國」,,歷史語言研究所集刊,第48本(1977年12月),頁619-667。 楊仕樂,「攻守理論爭辯之評析」,問題與研究,第44卷第1期(2005年1、2月),頁141-167。 「跳脫國際政治的攻勢及守勢現實主義:體系穩定的互動與結構解釋之嘗試」。政治大學外交學系博士論文,2007年。 楊寬,戰國史。台北:台灣商務印書館,1997年。 戰國史料編年輯證。台北:台灣商務印書館,2002年 鄭端耀,「國際關係攻勢與守勢現實主義理論爭辯之評析」,問題與研究,第42卷第2期(2003年3月),頁121。 「國際關係新古典現實主義理論」,問題與研究,第44卷第1期(2005年1、2月),頁115-140。 蔡政文著,當前國際關係理論發展及其評估。台北:三民書局,1997年。 趙鼎新著,夏江旗譯,東周戰爭與儒法國家的誕生。上海:華東師範大學出版社,2006年。 劉向集錄,范祥雍箋證,范邦瑾協校,戰國策箋證。上海:上海古籍出版社,2006年。 錢穆,先秦諸子繫年,台北:聯經出版社,1998年。 繆文遠著,戰國史繫年輯證,四川:巴蜀書社,1997年。 戰國制度通考,四川:巴蜀書社,1998年。 貳、西文部分 Acharya, Amative. 「Will Asia`s Past Be Its Future?」 International Security, Vol. 28, No. 3(Winter 2003-4), pp. 149-64. Alagappa, Muthiah, eds. Asian Security Order. California: Stanford University Press, 2003. Art, Robert, et. al. 「Correspondence: Striking the Balance.」 International Security Vol.30, No. 3 (Winter 2005/06), pp. 177–196 Betts, Richard K. 「Must War Find a Way? A Review Essay.」 International Security, Vol. 24, No. 2 (Fall 1999), pp.166-198. Brooks, Stephen G. and William C. Wohlforth. "Hard Times for Soft Balancing." International Security Vol. 30, No. 1 (Summer 2005), pp. 72-108 Brown, Michal E., Owen R. Cote Jr., Sean M. Lynn-Jones and Steven E. Miller, eds. Offense, Defense, and War. Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2004. Bull, Hedley. The Anarchical Society: a Study of Order in World Politics. New York: Columbia University Press, 1977. Byman, Daniel L. and Kenneth M. Pollack. 「Let Us Now Praise Great Men: Bringing the Statesman Back In.」 International Security, Vol. 25, No. 4 (Spring 2001), pp. 107-146. Cambell, Kurt M. 「The End of Alliances? Not So Fast.」 The Washington Quarterly 27, no. 2 (Spring 2004), pp. 151-163. Carr, Edward Hallett. the Twenty Years` Crisis, 1919-1939: an Introduction to the Study of International Relations. New York: Harper & Row, 1946. Chan, Steve. 「Realism, Revisionism, and the Great Powers.」 Issues & Studies, Vol.40, No.1 (March 2004), pp. 135-172. Christensen, Thomas J. and Jack Snyder. 「Chain Gangs and Passed Bucks: Predicting Alliance Patterns in Multipolarity.」 International Organization, Vol. 44, No. 2 (Spring 2004), pp. 137-168. Donnelly, Jack. Realism and International Relations. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Edelstein, David M. 「Managing Uncertainty: Beliefs about Intentions and the Rise of Great Powers.」 Security Studies, Vol. 12, No. 1(Autumn 2002), pp. 1-40 Elman, Colin. 「Extending Offensive realism: The Louisiana Purchase and America`s Rise to Regional Hegemony.」 American Political Science Review, Vol. 98, No.4 (Nov 2004), pp.563-576 Elman, Colin. 「Horses for Courses: Why not Neorealist Theories of Foreign Policy?」 Security Studies, Vol. 6, No,1 (Autumn 1996), pp.7-53. Ferguson, Niall. Empire: the Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power. New York: Basic Books, 2004. Ferguson, Niall. Colossus: the Price of America`s Empire. New York: Penguin Press, 2004. George, Alexander L. and Andrew Bennett. Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences. Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2005. Glaser, Charles L. "Realists as Optimists: Cooperation as Self-Help.」 International Security, Vol. 19, no. 3 (Winter 1994/95), pp.50-90. Glaser, Charles L. and Chaim Kaufmann. 「What is the Offense-Defense Balance and Can We Measure it?」 International Security, Vol. 22, No. 4 (Spring 1998), pp. 44-82 Gilpin, Robert. War and Change in World Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1981. Hui, Victoria Tin-bor. War and State Formation in Ancient China and Early Modern Europe. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Ikenberry, G. John, ed. Amerca Unrivaled: the Future of the Balance of Power. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 2002. Ikenberry, G. John and Michael Mastanduno, eds. International Relations Theory and the Asia-Pacific. New York: Columbia University Press, 2003. Jervis, Robert. 「Cooperation Under the Security Dilemma.」 World Politics, Vol. 30, No.2 (Jan 1928), pp.167-214. Johnston, Alastair Iain and Robert S. Ross eds. Engaging China: The Management of an Emerging Power. New York: Routledge, 1999. Kang, David. 「Getting Asia Wong: The Need for New Analytical Frameworks.」 International Security, Vol. 27, No.4 (Spring 2003), pp.57-85 Katzenstein, Peter J. eds. the Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996. Kennedy, Paul, eds. War Plans of the Great Powers 1880~1914. Massachusetts: Allen & Unwin, 1985. Kennedy, Paul. The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers. Vintage; Vintage edition, 1989. Keohane, Robert O. eds. Neorealism and its Critics. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986. Layne, Christopher. 「The Poster Child for Offensive Realism: America as a Global Hegemon.」 Security Studies, Vol. 12, No.2 (Winter 2002/3), pp.120-62 Layne, Christopher. The Peace of Illutions: American Grand Strategy from 1940 to the Present. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 2006. Layne, Christopher Layne. 「The Unipolar Illusion Revisited: The Coming End of the United States` Unipolar Moment.」 International Security, Vol.31, No. 2 (Fall 2006), pp. 7–41. Legro, Jeffrey W. and Andrew Moravcsik. 「Is anybody Still a Realist?」 International Security, Vol. 24, No. 2 (Fall 1999), pp.5-55 Levy, Jack S. 「The Causes of War and the Conditions of Peace.」 Annual Review of Political Science 1 (1998), pp.139-165 Lieber, Keir A. 「Grasping the Technological Peace: the Offense- Defense Balance and International Security.」 International Security, Vol. 25, No. 1 (Summer 2000), pp.71-104 Lieber, Kier A. and Gerard Alexander. "Waiting for Balancing: Why the World Is Not Pushing Back." International Security Vol. 30, No. 1 (Summer 2005): pp. 109-39. Lind, Jennifer M. 「Pacifism or Passing the Buck? Testing Theories of Japanese Security Policy.」 International Security, Vol. 29, No.1 (Summer 2004), pp. 92-121. Lynn-Jones, Sean M. 「Offense-Defense Theory and Its Critics.」 Security Studies, Vol. 4, No.4 (1995), pp.660-91 Mearsheimer, John J. 「Back to Future: Instability in Europe after the Cold War.」 International Security, Vol. 15, No.1 (Summer 1990), pp. 5-56. Mearsheimer, John J. 「The False Promise of International Institutions.」 International Security, Vol. 19, No, 3 (Winter 1995/94), pp. 5-49. Mearsheimer, John J. 「A Realist Reply.」 International Security, Vol. 20, No.1 (Summer 1995), pp. 82-93. Mearsheimer, John J. The Tragedy of Great Power Politics. New York: W. W. Norton, 2001. Morgenthau, Hans J. Politic among Nations: the Struggle for Power and Peace, fifth edition. New York: Knopf, 1978. Nathan, Andrew J. and Robert S. Ross. The Great Wall and the Empty Fortress. New York: W. W. Norton, 1997. Paret, Peter, Gordon A. Craig, and Felix Gilbert eds. Makers of Modern Strategy: From Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age. New Jersy: Princeton University Press, 1986. Pape, Robert A. "Soft Balancing against the United States." International Security Vol. 30, No. 1 (Summer 2005), pp. 7-45. Paul, T.V., James J. Wirtz, and Michel Fortmann, eds. Balance of Power: Theory and Practice in the 21st Century. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004. Paul, T. V. "Soft Balancing in the Age of U.S. Primacy." International Security Vol. 30, No. 1 (Summer 2005), pp. 46-71 Posen, Barry. The Sources of Military Doctrine: France, Britain, and Germany between the World War. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1984. Powell, Robert. In the Shadow of Power: States and Strategies in International Politics. New Jersy: Princeton University Press, 1999. Quester, George H. Offense and Defense in the International System. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1977. Rosecrance, Richard and Arthur A. Stein eds. The Domestic Bases of Grand Strategy. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1993. Rotberg, Robert I. and Theodore K. Rabb eds. The Origin and Prevention of Major Wars. Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1988. Schweller, Randall L. 「Bandwaoning for Profit: Bringing the Revisionist State Back In.」 International Security, Vol. 19, No. 1 (Summer 1994), pp.72-107. Schweller, Randall L. "Neorealism`s Status-Quo Bias: What Security Dilemma?" Security Studies, Vol. 5, no. 3 (Spring 1996), pp. 90-121. Snyder, Craig A., ed. Contemporary Security and Strategy. New York: Routledge, 1999. Snyder, Glenn H. Alliance Politics. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1997. Snyder, Glenn H. "Mearsheimer`s World—Offensive Realism and the Struggle for Security: A Review Essay." International Security 27 1 (Summer 2002), pp. 149-173. Snyder, Jack. The Ideology of the Offensive: Military Decision Making and the Disasters of 1914. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1989. Snyder, Jack. Myths of Empire: Domestic Politics and International Ambition. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1991. Swaine, Michael D. and Ashley J. Tellis. Interpreting China`s Grand Strategy. California: RAND, 2000. Taliaferro, Jeffrey W. 「Security Seeking under Anarchy: Defensive Realism Revisited.」 International Security, Vol. 25, No.3 (Winter 2000/01), pp.128-62 Van Evera, Stephen. Guide to Methods for Students of Political Science. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University, 1997. Van Evera, Stephen. 「Offense, Defense, and the Causes of War.」 International Security, Vol. 22, No.4 (Spring 1998), pp. 5-43. Van Evera, Stephen. Causes of War: Power and the Roots of Conflict. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University, 2001. Vasquez, John A. and Colin Elman, eds. Realism and the Balancing of Power: A New Debate. Upper Saddle River, New Jersy: Prentice Hall, 2003. Walt, Stephen M. the Origins of Alliances. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press 1987. Walt, Stephen M. Taming American Power: The Global Response to U.S. Primacy. New York: W.W. Norton, 2005. Waltz, Kenneth N. Theory of International Politics. Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley, 1979. Wang, Yuan-Kang. 「Offensive Realism and the Rise of China.」 Issues & Studies, Vol.40, No.1 (March 2004), pp. 173-201. Wendt, Alexander. Socia Theory of Internaitonal Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Wohlforth, William Curti. The Elusive Balance. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University, 1993. Zakaria, Fareed. 「Review: Realism and Domestic Politics: A Review Essay.」 International Security, Vol. 17, No. 1 (Summer 1992), pp.177-198 Zakaria, Fareed. From Wealth to Power: the Unusual Origins of America`s World Role. New Jersy: Princeton 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
外交學系
93253031資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093253031 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 邱坤玄 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) 黃柏維 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) 黃柏維 zh_TW dc.date (日期) 2008 en_US dc.date.accessioned 9-五月-2016 13:29:21 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 9-五月-2016 13:29:21 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 9-五月-2016 13:29:21 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0093253031 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/94953 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 外交學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 93253031 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 論文摘要 本文最主要討論的核心在於研究國際體系中,國家在何種情形下會偏向抗衡,何種情形下又會偏向於推卸責任?由此本文從攻勢現實主義出發,列出主要三大要素:極性、相對地理位置、有無潛在霸權,針對戰國時期各主要大國的互動行為觀察。本文利用個案分析法,透過控制類比與個案內比較的方式進行研究,總共整理戰國時期的兩百次戰爭紀錄,並且區分為四個主要時期:BC419-360、BC359-318、BC317-260、BC 259-221。藉由衡量潛在霸權國,並且分析各時期的聯盟、戰爭參與國家,證明:一)戰國時期的主要大國如理論所預期,傾向於選擇推卸責任;二)戰國時期的主要大國在多極體系下,其戰略選擇會受潛在霸權國、相對地理位置的影響,在有潛在霸權國、地理位置接近時,大國會選擇抗衡,其餘則傾向於推卸責任。本文同時發現,潛在霸權國的存在不影響戰爭發生的頻率。 關鍵詞:攻勢現實主義、推卸責任、戰國、相對地理位置、聯盟 zh_TW dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 序論……………………………………………………………1 第一節 研究動機與研究目的 ……………………………………1 第二節 文獻探討 …………………………………………………3 第三節 研究方法與研究範圍 ……………………………………7 第四節 名詞定義 …………………………………………………9 第五節 論文架構 ………………………………………………13 第二章 攻勢現實主義 ………………………………………………15 第一節 現實主義理論:從古典到守勢 ………………………15 第二節 攻勢現實主義……………………………………………20 第三節 抗衡、推卸責任、扈從…………………………………25 第四節 觀察指標…………………………………………………32 第三章 戰國群雄的互動 ……………………………………………33 第一節 三家分晉(BC419-360)..…………………………………36 第二節 商鞅變法(BC359-318) ……….…………………………40 第三節 連橫(BC317-260)……………………………………… 44 第四節 長平之戰(BC 259-221) …….…………………………50 第四章 綜合分析 ……………………………………………………55 第一節 三晉竄起與魏國爭霸(BC419-360) ……………………55 第二節 圍魏救趙(BC359-318) …………………………………59 第三節 秦趙齊三國相爭(BC317-260) ………………………64 第四節 秦國統一(BC 259-221) …………………………………70 第五章 聯盟、相對地理位置與秦國崛起 …………………………73 第一節 戰國時期的戰爭與聯盟…………………………………73 第二節 相對地理位置的作用 …………………………………79 第三節 秦國的崛起………………………………………………83 第四節 小結………………………………………………………87 第六章 結論 …………………………………………………………91 附錄:戰國時期各國交戰、聯盟年表………………………………97 參考文獻 ……………………………………………………………105 zh_TW dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093253031 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 攻勢現實主義 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 推卸責任 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 戰國時期 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 相對地理位置 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 聯盟 zh_TW dc.title (題名) 論戰國時期的推卸責任-攻勢現實主義的觀點及分析 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Buckpassing in Warring States Period: a view and analysis from Offensive Realism en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 參考文獻 壹、中文部分 Denis Twitchett、Michael Loewe編,韓復智主譯,劍橋中國史:第一冊秦漢篇。台北:南天書局,1996年。 王元綱,「樂觀的現實主義:國際關係守勢現實主義之評析」,國際關係學報,第18期(2003年12月),頁18-36。 吳玉山,抗衡或扈從-兩岸關係新詮。台北:正中書房,1997年。 何炳棣,「國史上的『大事因緣』解謎:從重建秦墨史實入手」,發表於歷史語言研究所八十週年所慶講座(台北:中央研究院歷史研究所主辦,2008年6月17日) 杜正勝,「試論山東地區編戶齊民之困厄與殘破-六國敗亡的社會史解釋」,歷史語言研究所集刊,第58本第4分(1987年12月),頁673-718。 林天人,戰後台灣的歷史學研究,第二冊:先秦史。台北:國家科學委員會,2004年。 修昔底德著,謝德風譯,伯羅奔尼撒戰爭史。台北:台灣商務印書館,2000年。 陳欣之,「單極體系的形成、維繫與轉換」,問題與研究,第45卷第2期(1996年3、4月),頁111-140。 陳惠琪,「戰國時期和平與戰爭之研究」。政治大學外交研究所碩士論文,1987年。 郭丹,左傳國策研究,北京:人民文學出版社,2004年。 張廖年仲,「守勢現實主義與冷戰後中共的安全政策」。政治大學東亞研究所碩士論文,2005年。 葉自成,春秋戰國時期的中國外交思想。香港:香港社會科學出版社,2003年。 勞榦,「戰國時代的戰爭」,歷史語言研究所集刊,第36本下冊(1966年6月),頁801-828。 「戰國時代的戰爭方法」,歷史語言研究所集刊,第37本上冊(1967年3月),頁47-63。 「秦的統一及其覆亡」,歷史語言研究所集刊,第48本第2分(1977年6月),頁289-308。 「戰國七雄及其他小國」,,歷史語言研究所集刊,第48本(1977年12月),頁619-667。 楊仕樂,「攻守理論爭辯之評析」,問題與研究,第44卷第1期(2005年1、2月),頁141-167。 「跳脫國際政治的攻勢及守勢現實主義:體系穩定的互動與結構解釋之嘗試」。政治大學外交學系博士論文,2007年。 楊寬,戰國史。台北:台灣商務印書館,1997年。 戰國史料編年輯證。台北:台灣商務印書館,2002年 鄭端耀,「國際關係攻勢與守勢現實主義理論爭辯之評析」,問題與研究,第42卷第2期(2003年3月),頁121。 「國際關係新古典現實主義理論」,問題與研究,第44卷第1期(2005年1、2月),頁115-140。 蔡政文著,當前國際關係理論發展及其評估。台北:三民書局,1997年。 趙鼎新著,夏江旗譯,東周戰爭與儒法國家的誕生。上海:華東師範大學出版社,2006年。 劉向集錄,范祥雍箋證,范邦瑾協校,戰國策箋證。上海:上海古籍出版社,2006年。 錢穆,先秦諸子繫年,台北:聯經出版社,1998年。 繆文遠著,戰國史繫年輯證,四川:巴蜀書社,1997年。 戰國制度通考,四川:巴蜀書社,1998年。 貳、西文部分 Acharya, Amative. 「Will Asia`s Past Be Its Future?」 International Security, Vol. 28, No. 3(Winter 2003-4), pp. 149-64. Alagappa, Muthiah, eds. Asian Security Order. California: Stanford University Press, 2003. Art, Robert, et. al. 「Correspondence: Striking the Balance.」 International Security Vol.30, No. 3 (Winter 2005/06), pp. 177–196 Betts, Richard K. 「Must War Find a Way? A Review Essay.」 International Security, Vol. 24, No. 2 (Fall 1999), pp.166-198. Brooks, Stephen G. and William C. Wohlforth. "Hard Times for Soft Balancing." International Security Vol. 30, No. 1 (Summer 2005), pp. 72-108 Brown, Michal E., Owen R. Cote Jr., Sean M. Lynn-Jones and Steven E. Miller, eds. Offense, Defense, and War. Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2004. Bull, Hedley. The Anarchical Society: a Study of Order in World Politics. New York: Columbia University Press, 1977. Byman, Daniel L. and Kenneth M. Pollack. 「Let Us Now Praise Great Men: Bringing the Statesman Back In.」 International Security, Vol. 25, No. 4 (Spring 2001), pp. 107-146. Cambell, Kurt M. 「The End of Alliances? Not So Fast.」 The Washington Quarterly 27, no. 2 (Spring 2004), pp. 151-163. Carr, Edward Hallett. the Twenty Years` Crisis, 1919-1939: an Introduction to the Study of International Relations. New York: Harper & Row, 1946. Chan, Steve. 「Realism, Revisionism, and the Great Powers.」 Issues & Studies, Vol.40, No.1 (March 2004), pp. 135-172. Christensen, Thomas J. and Jack Snyder. 「Chain Gangs and Passed Bucks: Predicting Alliance Patterns in Multipolarity.」 International Organization, Vol. 44, No. 2 (Spring 2004), pp. 137-168. Donnelly, Jack. Realism and International Relations. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Edelstein, David M. 「Managing Uncertainty: Beliefs about Intentions and the Rise of Great Powers.」 Security Studies, Vol. 12, No. 1(Autumn 2002), pp. 1-40 Elman, Colin. 「Extending Offensive realism: The Louisiana Purchase and America`s Rise to Regional Hegemony.」 American Political Science Review, Vol. 98, No.4 (Nov 2004), pp.563-576 Elman, Colin. 「Horses for Courses: Why not Neorealist Theories of Foreign Policy?」 Security Studies, Vol. 6, No,1 (Autumn 1996), pp.7-53. Ferguson, Niall. Empire: the Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power. New York: Basic Books, 2004. Ferguson, Niall. Colossus: the Price of America`s Empire. New York: Penguin Press, 2004. George, Alexander L. and Andrew Bennett. Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences. Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2005. Glaser, Charles L. "Realists as Optimists: Cooperation as Self-Help.」 International Security, Vol. 19, no. 3 (Winter 1994/95), pp.50-90. Glaser, Charles L. and Chaim Kaufmann. 「What is the Offense-Defense Balance and Can We Measure it?」 International Security, Vol. 22, No. 4 (Spring 1998), pp. 44-82 Gilpin, Robert. War and Change in World Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1981. Hui, Victoria Tin-bor. War and State Formation in Ancient China and Early Modern Europe. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Ikenberry, G. John, ed. Amerca Unrivaled: the Future of the Balance of Power. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 2002. Ikenberry, G. John and Michael Mastanduno, eds. International Relations Theory and the Asia-Pacific. New York: Columbia University Press, 2003. Jervis, Robert. 「Cooperation Under the Security Dilemma.」 World Politics, Vol. 30, No.2 (Jan 1928), pp.167-214. Johnston, Alastair Iain and Robert S. Ross eds. Engaging China: The Management of an Emerging Power. New York: Routledge, 1999. Kang, David. 「Getting Asia Wong: The Need for New Analytical Frameworks.」 International Security, Vol. 27, No.4 (Spring 2003), pp.57-85 Katzenstein, Peter J. eds. the Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996. Kennedy, Paul, eds. War Plans of the Great Powers 1880~1914. Massachusetts: Allen & Unwin, 1985. Kennedy, Paul. The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers. Vintage; Vintage edition, 1989. Keohane, Robert O. eds. Neorealism and its Critics. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986. Layne, Christopher. 「The Poster Child for Offensive Realism: America as a Global Hegemon.」 Security Studies, Vol. 12, No.2 (Winter 2002/3), pp.120-62 Layne, Christopher. The Peace of Illutions: American Grand Strategy from 1940 to the Present. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 2006. Layne, Christopher Layne. 「The Unipolar Illusion Revisited: The Coming End of the United States` Unipolar Moment.」 International Security, Vol.31, No. 2 (Fall 2006), pp. 7–41. Legro, Jeffrey W. and Andrew Moravcsik. 「Is anybody Still a Realist?」 International Security, Vol. 24, No. 2 (Fall 1999), pp.5-55 Levy, Jack S. 「The Causes of War and the Conditions of Peace.」 Annual Review of Political Science 1 (1998), pp.139-165 Lieber, Keir A. 「Grasping the Technological Peace: the Offense- Defense Balance and International Security.」 International Security, Vol. 25, No. 1 (Summer 2000), pp.71-104 Lieber, Kier A. and Gerard Alexander. "Waiting for Balancing: Why the World Is Not Pushing Back." International Security Vol. 30, No. 1 (Summer 2005): pp. 109-39. Lind, Jennifer M. 「Pacifism or Passing the Buck? Testing Theories of Japanese Security Policy.」 International Security, Vol. 29, No.1 (Summer 2004), pp. 92-121. Lynn-Jones, Sean M. 「Offense-Defense Theory and Its Critics.」 Security Studies, Vol. 4, No.4 (1995), pp.660-91 Mearsheimer, John J. 「Back to Future: Instability in Europe after the Cold War.」 International Security, Vol. 15, No.1 (Summer 1990), pp. 5-56. Mearsheimer, John J. 「The False Promise of International Institutions.」 International Security, Vol. 19, No, 3 (Winter 1995/94), pp. 5-49. Mearsheimer, John J. 「A Realist Reply.」 International Security, Vol. 20, No.1 (Summer 1995), pp. 82-93. Mearsheimer, John J. The Tragedy of Great Power Politics. New York: W. W. Norton, 2001. Morgenthau, Hans J. Politic among Nations: the Struggle for Power and Peace, fifth edition. New York: Knopf, 1978. Nathan, Andrew J. and Robert S. Ross. The Great Wall and the Empty Fortress. New York: W. W. Norton, 1997. Paret, Peter, Gordon A. Craig, and Felix Gilbert eds. Makers of Modern Strategy: From Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age. New Jersy: Princeton University Press, 1986. Pape, Robert A. "Soft Balancing against the United States." International Security Vol. 30, No. 1 (Summer 2005), pp. 7-45. Paul, T.V., James J. Wirtz, and Michel Fortmann, eds. Balance of Power: Theory and Practice in the 21st Century. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004. Paul, T. V. "Soft Balancing in the Age of U.S. Primacy." International Security Vol. 30, No. 1 (Summer 2005), pp. 46-71 Posen, Barry. The Sources of Military Doctrine: France, Britain, and Germany between the World War. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1984. Powell, Robert. In the Shadow of Power: States and Strategies in International Politics. New Jersy: Princeton University Press, 1999. Quester, George H. Offense and Defense in the International System. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1977. Rosecrance, Richard and Arthur A. Stein eds. The Domestic Bases of Grand Strategy. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1993. Rotberg, Robert I. and Theodore K. Rabb eds. The Origin and Prevention of Major Wars. Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1988. Schweller, Randall L. 「Bandwaoning for Profit: Bringing the Revisionist State Back In.」 International Security, Vol. 19, No. 1 (Summer 1994), pp.72-107. Schweller, Randall L. "Neorealism`s Status-Quo Bias: What Security Dilemma?" Security Studies, Vol. 5, no. 3 (Spring 1996), pp. 90-121. Snyder, Craig A., ed. Contemporary Security and Strategy. New York: Routledge, 1999. Snyder, Glenn H. Alliance Politics. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1997. Snyder, Glenn H. "Mearsheimer`s World—Offensive Realism and the Struggle for Security: A Review Essay." International Security 27 1 (Summer 2002), pp. 149-173. Snyder, Jack. The Ideology of the Offensive: Military Decision Making and the Disasters of 1914. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1989. Snyder, Jack. Myths of Empire: Domestic Politics and International Ambition. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1991. Swaine, Michael D. and Ashley J. Tellis. Interpreting China`s Grand Strategy. California: RAND, 2000. Taliaferro, Jeffrey W. 「Security Seeking under Anarchy: Defensive Realism Revisited.」 International Security, Vol. 25, No.3 (Winter 2000/01), pp.128-62 Van Evera, Stephen. Guide to Methods for Students of Political Science. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University, 1997. Van Evera, Stephen. 「Offense, Defense, and the Causes of War.」 International Security, Vol. 22, No.4 (Spring 1998), pp. 5-43. Van Evera, Stephen. Causes of War: Power and the Roots of Conflict. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University, 2001. Vasquez, John A. and Colin Elman, eds. Realism and the Balancing of Power: A New Debate. Upper Saddle River, New Jersy: Prentice Hall, 2003. Walt, Stephen M. the Origins of Alliances. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press 1987. Walt, Stephen M. Taming American Power: The Global Response to U.S. Primacy. New York: W.W. Norton, 2005. Waltz, Kenneth N. Theory of International Politics. Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley, 1979. Wang, Yuan-Kang. 「Offensive Realism and the Rise of China.」 Issues & Studies, Vol.40, No.1 (March 2004), pp. 173-201. Wendt, Alexander. Socia Theory of Internaitonal Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Wohlforth, William Curti. The Elusive Balance. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University, 1993. Zakaria, Fareed. 「Review: Realism and Domestic Politics: A Review Essay.」 International Security, Vol. 17, No. 1 (Summer 1992), pp.177-198 Zakaria, Fareed. From Wealth to Power: the Unusual Origins of America`s World Role. New Jersy: Princeton zh_TW