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題名 臺灣高齡人口死亡率模式
The Elderly Mortality Model in Taiwan作者 柯欣吟 貢獻者 陳信木
柯欣吟關鍵詞 高齡人口死亡率
參數式模型
戶籍人口統計
死因資料日期 2009 上傳時間 9-May-2016 15:41:46 (UTC+8) 摘要 近年來臺灣高齡人口比例有明顯之增長,兩性平均餘命自1906年至今不斷的往高齡延伸,伴隨著這兩種趨勢下,臺灣高齡人口結構快速的轉型和變動,使得瞭解高齡人口死亡率模式成為估算未來臺灣人口結構發展趨勢的重要依據。然而,過去許多人口研究所依賴的資料來源是以「戶籍人口統計資料」為基礎,其資料內容雖涵蓋時間範圍甚廣,但在高齡人口的死亡率資料記載則有稍嫌簡化的問題及死亡人數紀錄不準確的限制,因此本研究擬以搭配「死因資料檔」,擷取其對於死亡人口數及死亡時間詳細紀錄的優點,來結合運用以探討臺灣高齡人口死亡率模式。 本研究以「參數式模型」、「相關模型」、「外推法」及「APC模型」四種不同估算取徑的運用,並結合現有實際的臺灣高齡人口死亡率資料,說明臺灣65歲以上高齡人口死亡率的變遷模式及發展軌跡。研究結果顯示,自1975年臺灣65歲以上高齡人口的死亡率變遷趨勢,確實往更高齡方向發展,同時,其死亡率的變遷波動越大,本身除資料紀錄上可能有所偏誤外,也可能因為90歲以上人口資料逐漸增加的情況下,變異性逐漸的明顯。此外,以各死亡率模型估算配適下,大多在90歲以上高齡人口的計算,其估算不準確的情形則越形明顯,但在65歲至85間的估算死亡率模式則有相當不錯的配適。 參考文獻 中文部分 內政部戶政司(2009),《六十五歲以上老年人口清查報告》,台北:內政部。 內政部戶政司(2007-2008),《中華民國人口統計年刊》,台北:內政部。 內政部統計處(1974-2006),《中華民國臺閩地區人口統計》,台北:內政部。 內政部統計處(1950-1962),《臺灣省戶籍統計要覽》,台北:內政部。 內政部統計處(1971-1973),《臺灣人口統計》,台北:內政部。 台灣省政府民政廳(1969-1970),《臺灣人口統計》,南投,台灣省民政廳。 台灣省政府民政廳(1963-1968),《臺灣省人口統計》,南投:台灣省民政廳。 台灣省行政長官公署統計室編(1994)《台灣省五十一年來統計提要》,南投縣:台灣省政府主計處。 行政院衛生署(1970-2005),《衛生統計》,臺北市:行政院衛生署。 行政院衛生署(2006-2007),《死因統計》,臺北市:行政院衛生署。 余清祥(2002),〈死亡率的降低對於退休金純保費的影響:臺灣地區的實證研究〉,《壽險季刊》 125:9-20。 林作民(2002),《比較台灣地區與日本、瑞典的死亡率下降趨勢對終身年金的影響》,逢甲大學:統計與精算所碩士論文。 黃旭明(2009),〈ICD-10與我國死因統計〉,2009年ICD與死因統計研討會。 陳信木(2001),〈年齡別死亡率變化對於存活餘命的影響--生命表模擬與台灣的實證分析〉,2001年中國人口學會年會。 陳寬政、楊靜利、李大正(2006),〈臺灣人口資料現況之檢討〉,臺灣人口學會年會學術研討會發表之論文。 陳寬政、劉正、涂肇慶(1990),〈出生時平均餘命的長期趨勢分析:台灣與日本〉,《台灣社會學研究》3: 87-114。 陳寬政、王德睦、陳文玲(1986),〈台灣地區人口變遷的原因與結果〉,《人口學刊》9:1-23。 陳煌明(2002),《臺灣地區人口生命之趨勢研究》,逢甲大學:統計與精算所碩士論文。 英文部分 Arias, E. (2006). "United States life tables, (2003)." National vital statistics reports: from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System 54(14):1-40. Barker, DJP. (1998). Mothers, babies and health in later life: Churchill Livingstone. Bongaarts, J. (2006). "How long will we live?" Population and Development Review 32(4):605-628. Brass,W.,(1971)."On the scale of mortality." Biological aspects of demography:69-110. Brass,W.(1971). “One the Scale of Mortality”. In Biological Aspects of Demography. London: Taylor & Francis. Carnes, BA, SJ Olshansky, and D Grahn. (2003). "Biological evidence for limits to the duration of life." Biogerontology 4:31-45. Carnes, Bruce A., and S. Jay Olshansky. (2007). "A Realist View of Aging, Mortality, and Future Longevity." Population and Development Review 33(2):367-381. Carnes, Bruce, S. Jay Olshansky, and Douglas Grahn. (1996). "Continuing the Search for a Law of Mortality." Population and Development Review 22(2):231-264. Coale, A and E. Kisker (1990).”Defect in Data on Old-Age Mortality in the United State: New Procedures for Calculating Mortality Schedules and Life Tables at the Highest Ages”. Asian and Pacific Population Forum 4:1-31. Coale, A. , Demeny, P. and Vaughan, B. (1983). Regional Model Life Tables and Stable Populations. New York: Academic Press. Crimmins, EM, and CE Finch. (2006). "Infection, inflammation, height, and longevity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103(2):498-503. De Grey, ADNJ, BN Ames, JK Andersen, A Bartke, J Campisi, CB Heward, RJM McCarter, and G Stock. (2002). "Time to talk SENS: critiquing the immutability of human aging." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 959:452-462. Gavrilov, L., and Gavrilova, N. (1991). The Biology of Life Span: A Quantitative Approach, New York: Harwood Academic Publisher. Golulapati, R., De Ravin, J. and Trickett, P. (1984). Projections of Australian Mortality rates, 1981-2020. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Hannerz, H. (2001). “An Extension of Relational Methods in Mortality Estimation“. Demographic Reasearch 4:337-367. Hartmann, M. (1987) “Past and Recent Attempts to Model Mortality at all ages”. Journal of Official Statistics 3:19-36. Hayward, Mark D., and Bridget K. Gorman. (2004). "The Long-Arm of Childhood: The Influence of Early-Life Social Conditions on Men`s Mortality." Demography 41:87-107. Helihman, L., and Pollard, J. (1980). “The age pattern of Mortality”. Journal of the Institute of Actuaries 107:49-80. Holford, R., Zhang Z. and L. McKey (1994). “Estimating Age, Period, Cohort effects using the Multistage model for Cancer”. Statistics in Medicine 13:23-41. Keyfitz, N. (1982).”Choice of Function for Mortality Analysis: Effective Forecasting Depends on a Minimum Parametric Representation”. Theoretical Population Biology 21:329-352. Keyfitz, N. (1991). “Experiments in the Projection of Mortality”. Canadian Studies in Population 18:1-17. Kurzweil, R, and T Grossman. (2004). Fantastic voyage: live long enough to live forever: Rodale Books. Manton, K. and E. Stallard (1988). “Chronic Disease Modelling: Measurement and Evaluation of the risks of Chronic Disease Process”. London: Charles Griffin and Company LTD, New York: Oxford University Press, p.279. Moen, P, D Dempster-McClain, and RM Williams Jr. 1989. "Social integration and longevity: An event history analysis of women`s roles and resilience." American Sociological Review54:635-647. Murthy, P., Xie, M., and Jiang R. (2004). Weibull Model. New York: John Wiley & Sons Incoproation. Nathanson, C. A. (1984). "Sex Differences in Mortality." Annual Review of Sociology 10:191-213. Oeppen, J, and JW Vaupel. (2002). "Broken limits to life expectancy." Science 296(5570):1029-1031. Olshansky, S., and B. Carnes. (1997). “Ever Since Gompertz”. Demography 34:1-15. Olshansky, SJ, BA Carnes, and A Desesquelles. 2001. "Demography: prospects for human longevity." Pp. 1491-1492. Omran, A. R., (1971).”The Epidemiologic Transition: a Theory of Epidemiology of Population Change”. The Milbank Memorial Fund Quartly 49: 509-538. Pampel, Fred C. (2002). "Cigarette Use and the Narrowing Sex Differential in Mortality." Population and Development Review 28(1):77-104. Preston, Samuel H., and Haidong Wang. (2006). "Sex Mortality Differences in the United States: The Role of Cohort Smoking Patterns." Demography 43(4):631-646. Rogers, Richard, Robert A. Hummer, Patrick M. Krueger, and Fred C. Pampel. (2005). "Mortality Attributable to Cigarette Smoking in the United States." Spijker J. A., (2004).”Socioeconomic Determinants of Mortality Differentials in Europe”. PhD Thesis, Department of Spatial Sciences, University of Groningen. Amsterdam: Dutch University Press. Tabeau, E., Willenekens, F. and van Poppel, F. (2002). “Parameterisation as a tool in analyzing age, period and cohort effects on Mortality: A case study of Netherland”. In G. Wunsch, M. Mouchart, and J. Duchene (eds). The Life Table: Modelling Survival and Death, pp.141-169. Dordrecht, The Netherland, Kluwer Academic Publisher. Tuljapurkar, S, N Li, and C Boe. (2000). "A universal pattern of mortality decline in the G7 countries." Nature 405:789-792. Waldron, Ingrid. (1983). "Sex Differences in Illness Incidence, Prognosis and Mortality: Issues and Evidence." Social Science and Medicine 17(6):1107-1123. Wilmoth, J. (2000). “Demography of longevity: Past, Present, and Future Trends”. Experimental Gerontology 35:1111-1129. Wilmoth, J., Andreev, K., Jdanov, D., and Glei D. (2007) . Method Protocol the Human Mortality Database, Wilmoth, JR, LJ Deegan, H Lundstrom, and S Horiuchi. (2000). "Increase of maximum life-span in Sweden, 1861-1999." Pp. 2366-2368. Wilmoth, JR. (1997). "In search of limits." Between Zeus and the Salmon: the biodemography of longevity:38-64. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
社會學系
97254003資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097254003 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 陳信木 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) 柯欣吟 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) 柯欣吟 zh_TW dc.date (日期) 2009 en_US dc.date.accessioned 9-May-2016 15:41:46 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 9-May-2016 15:41:46 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 9-May-2016 15:41:46 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0097254003 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/95322 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 社會學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 97254003 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 近年來臺灣高齡人口比例有明顯之增長,兩性平均餘命自1906年至今不斷的往高齡延伸,伴隨著這兩種趨勢下,臺灣高齡人口結構快速的轉型和變動,使得瞭解高齡人口死亡率模式成為估算未來臺灣人口結構發展趨勢的重要依據。然而,過去許多人口研究所依賴的資料來源是以「戶籍人口統計資料」為基礎,其資料內容雖涵蓋時間範圍甚廣,但在高齡人口的死亡率資料記載則有稍嫌簡化的問題及死亡人數紀錄不準確的限制,因此本研究擬以搭配「死因資料檔」,擷取其對於死亡人口數及死亡時間詳細紀錄的優點,來結合運用以探討臺灣高齡人口死亡率模式。 本研究以「參數式模型」、「相關模型」、「外推法」及「APC模型」四種不同估算取徑的運用,並結合現有實際的臺灣高齡人口死亡率資料,說明臺灣65歲以上高齡人口死亡率的變遷模式及發展軌跡。研究結果顯示,自1975年臺灣65歲以上高齡人口的死亡率變遷趨勢,確實往更高齡方向發展,同時,其死亡率的變遷波動越大,本身除資料紀錄上可能有所偏誤外,也可能因為90歲以上人口資料逐漸增加的情況下,變異性逐漸的明顯。此外,以各死亡率模型估算配適下,大多在90歲以上高齡人口的計算,其估算不準確的情形則越形明顯,但在65歲至85間的估算死亡率模式則有相當不錯的配適。 zh_TW dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論-----------------------------------------------4 第一節 研究動機與目的--------------------------------------4 第二節 研究問題-------------------------------------------14 第二章 文獻探討-------------------------------------------15 第一節 臺灣地區的人口死亡變遷背景之探討----------------------15 第二節 高齡人口的平均餘命爭論及死亡模式----------------------20 第三章 研究資料與方法--------------------------------------25 第一節 資料來源-------------------------------------------25 第二節 研究方法及高齡人口死亡率的估算取向--------------------30 第三節 預期結果-------------------------------------------38 第四章 研究結果分析----------------------------------------39 第一節 臺灣高齡人口死亡率變遷趨勢----------------------------39 第二節 參數式模型(Parametric model)的估算分析結果----------44 第三節 外推法(Extrapolation method)的估算分析結果---------53 第四節 Age-Period-Cohort模型的估算分析結果------------------57 第五節 臺灣高齡人口死亡者的Chiang’s α值分析-----------------60 第五章 結論與討論------------------------------------------62 第一節 主要研究發現----------------------------------------62 第二節 對於未來研究建議------------------------------------66 參考書目--------------------------------------------------68 zh_TW dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097254003 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 高齡人口死亡率 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 參數式模型 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 戶籍人口統計 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 死因資料 zh_TW dc.title (題名) 臺灣高齡人口死亡率模式 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Elderly Mortality Model in Taiwan en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文部分 內政部戶政司(2009),《六十五歲以上老年人口清查報告》,台北:內政部。 內政部戶政司(2007-2008),《中華民國人口統計年刊》,台北:內政部。 內政部統計處(1974-2006),《中華民國臺閩地區人口統計》,台北:內政部。 內政部統計處(1950-1962),《臺灣省戶籍統計要覽》,台北:內政部。 內政部統計處(1971-1973),《臺灣人口統計》,台北:內政部。 台灣省政府民政廳(1969-1970),《臺灣人口統計》,南投,台灣省民政廳。 台灣省政府民政廳(1963-1968),《臺灣省人口統計》,南投:台灣省民政廳。 台灣省行政長官公署統計室編(1994)《台灣省五十一年來統計提要》,南投縣:台灣省政府主計處。 行政院衛生署(1970-2005),《衛生統計》,臺北市:行政院衛生署。 行政院衛生署(2006-2007),《死因統計》,臺北市:行政院衛生署。 余清祥(2002),〈死亡率的降低對於退休金純保費的影響:臺灣地區的實證研究〉,《壽險季刊》 125:9-20。 林作民(2002),《比較台灣地區與日本、瑞典的死亡率下降趨勢對終身年金的影響》,逢甲大學:統計與精算所碩士論文。 黃旭明(2009),〈ICD-10與我國死因統計〉,2009年ICD與死因統計研討會。 陳信木(2001),〈年齡別死亡率變化對於存活餘命的影響--生命表模擬與台灣的實證分析〉,2001年中國人口學會年會。 陳寬政、楊靜利、李大正(2006),〈臺灣人口資料現況之檢討〉,臺灣人口學會年會學術研討會發表之論文。 陳寬政、劉正、涂肇慶(1990),〈出生時平均餘命的長期趨勢分析:台灣與日本〉,《台灣社會學研究》3: 87-114。 陳寬政、王德睦、陳文玲(1986),〈台灣地區人口變遷的原因與結果〉,《人口學刊》9:1-23。 陳煌明(2002),《臺灣地區人口生命之趨勢研究》,逢甲大學:統計與精算所碩士論文。 英文部分 Arias, E. (2006). "United States life tables, (2003)." National vital statistics reports: from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System 54(14):1-40. Barker, DJP. (1998). Mothers, babies and health in later life: Churchill Livingstone. Bongaarts, J. (2006). "How long will we live?" Population and Development Review 32(4):605-628. Brass,W.,(1971)."On the scale of mortality." Biological aspects of demography:69-110. Brass,W.(1971). “One the Scale of Mortality”. In Biological Aspects of Demography. London: Taylor & Francis. Carnes, BA, SJ Olshansky, and D Grahn. (2003). "Biological evidence for limits to the duration of life." Biogerontology 4:31-45. Carnes, Bruce A., and S. Jay Olshansky. (2007). "A Realist View of Aging, Mortality, and Future Longevity." Population and Development Review 33(2):367-381. Carnes, Bruce, S. Jay Olshansky, and Douglas Grahn. (1996). "Continuing the Search for a Law of Mortality." Population and Development Review 22(2):231-264. Coale, A and E. Kisker (1990).”Defect in Data on Old-Age Mortality in the United State: New Procedures for Calculating Mortality Schedules and Life Tables at the Highest Ages”. Asian and Pacific Population Forum 4:1-31. Coale, A. , Demeny, P. and Vaughan, B. (1983). Regional Model Life Tables and Stable Populations. New York: Academic Press. Crimmins, EM, and CE Finch. (2006). "Infection, inflammation, height, and longevity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103(2):498-503. De Grey, ADNJ, BN Ames, JK Andersen, A Bartke, J Campisi, CB Heward, RJM McCarter, and G Stock. (2002). "Time to talk SENS: critiquing the immutability of human aging." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 959:452-462. Gavrilov, L., and Gavrilova, N. (1991). The Biology of Life Span: A Quantitative Approach, New York: Harwood Academic Publisher. Golulapati, R., De Ravin, J. and Trickett, P. (1984). Projections of Australian Mortality rates, 1981-2020. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Hannerz, H. (2001). “An Extension of Relational Methods in Mortality Estimation“. Demographic Reasearch 4:337-367. Hartmann, M. (1987) “Past and Recent Attempts to Model Mortality at all ages”. Journal of Official Statistics 3:19-36. Hayward, Mark D., and Bridget K. Gorman. (2004). "The Long-Arm of Childhood: The Influence of Early-Life Social Conditions on Men`s Mortality." Demography 41:87-107. Helihman, L., and Pollard, J. (1980). “The age pattern of Mortality”. Journal of the Institute of Actuaries 107:49-80. Holford, R., Zhang Z. and L. McKey (1994). “Estimating Age, Period, Cohort effects using the Multistage model for Cancer”. Statistics in Medicine 13:23-41. Keyfitz, N. (1982).”Choice of Function for Mortality Analysis: Effective Forecasting Depends on a Minimum Parametric Representation”. Theoretical Population Biology 21:329-352. Keyfitz, N. (1991). “Experiments in the Projection of Mortality”. Canadian Studies in Population 18:1-17. Kurzweil, R, and T Grossman. (2004). Fantastic voyage: live long enough to live forever: Rodale Books. Manton, K. and E. Stallard (1988). “Chronic Disease Modelling: Measurement and Evaluation of the risks of Chronic Disease Process”. London: Charles Griffin and Company LTD, New York: Oxford University Press, p.279. Moen, P, D Dempster-McClain, and RM Williams Jr. 1989. "Social integration and longevity: An event history analysis of women`s roles and resilience." American Sociological Review54:635-647. Murthy, P., Xie, M., and Jiang R. (2004). Weibull Model. New York: John Wiley & Sons Incoproation. Nathanson, C. A. (1984). "Sex Differences in Mortality." Annual Review of Sociology 10:191-213. Oeppen, J, and JW Vaupel. (2002). "Broken limits to life expectancy." Science 296(5570):1029-1031. Olshansky, S., and B. Carnes. (1997). “Ever Since Gompertz”. Demography 34:1-15. Olshansky, SJ, BA Carnes, and A Desesquelles. 2001. "Demography: prospects for human longevity." Pp. 1491-1492. Omran, A. R., (1971).”The Epidemiologic Transition: a Theory of Epidemiology of Population Change”. The Milbank Memorial Fund Quartly 49: 509-538. Pampel, Fred C. (2002). "Cigarette Use and the Narrowing Sex Differential in Mortality." Population and Development Review 28(1):77-104. Preston, Samuel H., and Haidong Wang. (2006). "Sex Mortality Differences in the United States: The Role of Cohort Smoking Patterns." Demography 43(4):631-646. Rogers, Richard, Robert A. Hummer, Patrick M. Krueger, and Fred C. Pampel. (2005). "Mortality Attributable to Cigarette Smoking in the United States." Spijker J. A., (2004).”Socioeconomic Determinants of Mortality Differentials in Europe”. PhD Thesis, Department of Spatial Sciences, University of Groningen. Amsterdam: Dutch University Press. Tabeau, E., Willenekens, F. and van Poppel, F. 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