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題名 將文化的因素納入英語教學:以台北縣國小為例
Integrating culture teaching as a component of English Language instruction in elementary schools of Taipei county
作者 江曉慧
Chiang, Hsiao Hui
貢獻者 卜道
Blundell, David
江曉慧
Chiang, Hsiao Hui
關鍵詞 文化
英語教學
日期 2009
上傳時間 9-May-2016 15:44:41 (UTC+8)
摘要 將文化納入國小英語教學課程
Nowadays the policy of implementing children’s English education has become a growing trend in non-English speaking countries all over the world. The purpose of this study was to provide a vehicle offering alternatives and assistance for English language teachers to prepare students and advance language competence through integrating culture teaching into their instruction. The present study was designed to investigate (1) English language teachers’ concept of culture; (2) goals of culture teaching; (3) strategies of culture teaching and (4) evaluation after culture was included in teaching.
     A total of 201 questionnaires were completed online and three elementary school English language teachers in Taipei County were interviewed. Based on one way ANOVA, results form the questionnaires indicated that there were significant differences among the above mentioned aspects and the subjects’ background variables: age, highest educational status, educational background, teaching hours of English language instruction per week, and frequency of integrating culture teaching into English language instruction. Results from interviews revealed that “holiday teaching” was adopted by most English language teachers when they integrated culture teaching into English language instruction. Observation of students’ learning attitude was the most common form of evaluation after culture teaching. English language teachers and the other parties, including the government, the educational authorities, textbook writers, and publishers can also consider this subject more seriously and take action to integrate culture teaching as a component into English language instruction in elementary schools.
     Key words: culture teaching, English language instruction, elementary schools
參考文獻 1. Armstrong, T. (2000). Multiple Intelligences in the Classroom. Alexandria, Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
     2. Bennett, J. M., Bennett, M. J., and, Allen W. (2003). Developing Intercultural Competence in the Language Classroom. Culture as the Core: Perspectives on Culture in Second Language Learning. D. L. Lange and R. M. Paige. Greenwich: Information Age Publishing, Inc.
     3. Brooks, N. (1964). Language and Language Learning: Theory and Practice. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc.
     4. Brown, D. H. (2002). Strategies for Success: A Practical Guide to Learning English. New York: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.
     5. Brown, H. D. (1986). Learning a Second Culture. Culture Bound: Bridging the Cultural Gap in Language Teaching. J. M. Valdes, ed. Cambridge, New York, Cambridge University Press: Pp.33-48.
     6. Brown, H. D. (2000). Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. White Plains, NY: Longman.
     7. Brown, H. D. (2001). Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy. White Plains, NY, Longman.
     8. Byram, M. (1989). Cultural Studies in Foreign Language Education. Clevedon, Philadelphia: Multilingual Matters, Ltd.
     9. Crystal, D. (2006). English Worldwide. A History of the English Language. R. Hogg and D. Denison, eds. Cambridge, CUP: Pp.420-439.
     10. Damen, L. (1987). Culture Learning: The Fifth Dimension in the Language Classroom. Mass., Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
     11. Doff, A. (1995). Teach English: A Training Course for Teachers: Teacher`s Workbook. New York: Cambridge University Press.
     12. Dunnett, S. C., F. Dubin, and Lezberg A.(1986). English Language Teaching from an Intercultural Perspective. Culture Bound: Bridging the Cultural Gap in Language Teaching. J. M. Valdes, ed. New York: Cambridge University Press: Pp.148-161.
     13. Ellis, G. and J. Brewster (2002). Tell it Again! The New Storytelling Handbook for Primary Teachers. London: Pearson Education Ltd.
     14. Guest, M. (2002). A Critical Checkbook for Culture Teaching and Learning; ELT Journal 56(2):154-61.
     15. Hall, E. T. (1959). The Silent Language. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
     16. Hughes, G. H. (1986). An Argument for Culture Analysis in the Second Language Classroom. Culture Bound: Bridging the Cultural Gap in Language Teaching. J. M. Valdes, ed. New York: Cambridge University Press: Pp.162-69.
     17. Katchen, J. E. (1990). Ethnic Diversity: An Important Component of American Culture. The Seventh National Conference on the Teaching of English. Taipei: Crane Publishing, Ltd.
     18. Klein, F. M.-V. (2004). Culture in the Foreign Language Classroom: Teachers` Beliefs, Opportunities and Practice. University of Minnesota. Ph.D. Thesis.
     19. Kowalski, C. (2002). Storytelling in the Language Classroom. The Eleventh International Symposium and Book Fair on English Teaching. Taipei: Crane Publishing, Ltd.
     20. Kroeber, A. L. and C. Kluckhohn (1952). Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions. Taiwan.
     21. Lado, R. (1986). How to Compare Two Cultures. Culture Bound: Bridging the Cultural Gap in Language Teaching. J. M. Valdes, ed., New York: Cambridge University Press: Pp.52-63.
     22. Lange, D. L. and R. M. Paige (2003). Culture as the Core: Perspectives on Culture in Second Language Learning. Greenwich: Information Age Publishing.
     23. Ministry of Education (2003). General Guidelines of Grade One to Nine Curriculum Guidelines for Elementary and Junior High School Education. Taipei: Ministry of Education.
     24. Morain, G. G. (1986). Kinesics and Cross-Cultural Understanding. Culture Bound: Bridging the Cultural Gap in Language Teaching. J. M. Valdes, ed., Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press: Pp.64-76.
     25. Moran, P. R. (2001). Teaching Culture: Perspectives in Practice. Australia; Boston, Mass., Heinle & Heinle.
     26. National Standards in Foreign Language Education Project (1999) Standards for Foreign Language Learning in the 21st Century. Yonkers, NY.
     27. Paige, R. M., Jorstad, H. L., Siaya, L., Klein, F., and, Colby, J. (2003). Culture Learning in Language Education: A Review of the Literature. Culture as the Core: Perspectives on Culture in Second Language Learning. D. L. Lange and R. M. Paige, eds. Greenwich: Information Age Publishing: Pp. 173-236.
     28. Pauchulo, A. L. (2005). Culture Teaching in the Foreign Language Classroom: A Descriptive Case Study of Two University Introductory Spanish Courses. York University. Master’s Thesis.
     29. Robins, R. H. (1989). General Linguistics: An Introductory Survey. New York: Longman.
     30. Samovar, L. A., R. E. Porter, et al. (1998). Communication between Cultures Belmont, CA., Wadsworth Publishing Co.
     31. Sapir, E. (1961). Culture, Language and Personality. Berkeley: University of California Press.
     32. Saville-Troike, M. (2003). Extending "Communicative" Concepts in the Second Language Curriculum: A Sociolinguistic Perspective. Culture as the Core: Perspectives on Culture in Second Language Learning. D. L. Lange and R. M. Paige, eds.: Pp. 3-17.
     33. Schulz, R. A. (2007). The Challenge of Assessing Cultural Understanding in the Context of Foreign Language Instruction. Foreign Language Annals 40(1): Pp.9-26.
     34. Scott, W. A. and L. H. Ytreberg (2002). Teaching English to Children. New York: Longman Education, Ltd.
     35. Seelye, H. N. (1993). Teaching Culture: Strategies for Intercultural Communication. Lincolnwood: National Textbook Co.
     36. Slattery, M. and J. Willis (2001). English for Primary Teachers: A Handbook of Activities & Classroom Language. New York: Oxford University Press.
     37. Tishman, S., Perkins, D. and Jay, E (1995). The Thinking Classroom: Learning and Teaching in a Culture of Thinking. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
     38. Tomalin, B. and S. Stempleski (1993). Cultural Awareness. New York: Oxford University Press.
     39. Tsai, Y.-J. (2001). Culture and English Teaching: How Do Secondary English Teachers Conceptualize and Instruct Culture? Taipei: National Normal University. Master’s Thesis.
     40. Tylor, E. B. (1958). Primitive Culture. New York: Harper.
     41. Valdes, J. M., Ed. (1986). Culture Bound: Bridging the Cultural Gap in Language Teaching. New York: Cambridge University Press.
     42. Valette, R. M. (1986). The Culture Test. Culture Bound: Bridging the Cultural Gap in Language Teaching. J. M. Valdes, ed. New York: Cambridge University Press: Pp. 179-97.
     43. Valle, M. R. (1999). Foreign Language Teachers’ Views of Culture: An Exploratory Study. University of Oregon. Ph.D. Thesis.
     44. Wardhaugh, R. (1992). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publisher.
     45. Yang, C.-C. (2003). Chiayi & Tainan Elementary School English Teachers` Opinion Survey toward Culture Teaching. Nan-Tai Technology University. Master’s Thesis.
     46. Yo, V. (2007). Teaching Culture in EFL Classrooms: Taipei City Elementary English Teachers` View and Practice of Culture. National Taipei University of Education. Master’s Thesis.
     47. Yu, Y.-M. (2002). Cultural Awareness in the EFL Classroom. Taipei, National Chengchi University Master’s Thesis.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
臺灣研究英語碩士學程(IMTS)
95924004
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095924004
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 卜道zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Blundell, Daviden_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 江曉慧zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chiang, Hsiao Huien_US
dc.creator (作者) 江曉慧zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chiang, Hsiao Huien_US
dc.date (日期) 2009en_US
dc.date.accessioned 9-May-2016 15:44:41 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 9-May-2016 15:44:41 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 9-May-2016 15:44:41 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0095924004en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/95341-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 臺灣研究英語碩士學程(IMTS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 95924004zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 將文化納入國小英語教學課程zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Nowadays the policy of implementing children’s English education has become a growing trend in non-English speaking countries all over the world. The purpose of this study was to provide a vehicle offering alternatives and assistance for English language teachers to prepare students and advance language competence through integrating culture teaching into their instruction. The present study was designed to investigate (1) English language teachers’ concept of culture; (2) goals of culture teaching; (3) strategies of culture teaching and (4) evaluation after culture was included in teaching.
     A total of 201 questionnaires were completed online and three elementary school English language teachers in Taipei County were interviewed. Based on one way ANOVA, results form the questionnaires indicated that there were significant differences among the above mentioned aspects and the subjects’ background variables: age, highest educational status, educational background, teaching hours of English language instruction per week, and frequency of integrating culture teaching into English language instruction. Results from interviews revealed that “holiday teaching” was adopted by most English language teachers when they integrated culture teaching into English language instruction. Observation of students’ learning attitude was the most common form of evaluation after culture teaching. English language teachers and the other parties, including the government, the educational authorities, textbook writers, and publishers can also consider this subject more seriously and take action to integrate culture teaching as a component into English language instruction in elementary schools.
     Key words: culture teaching, English language instruction, elementary schools		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………….……i
     ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………….…………….....ii
     TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………………….iii
     LIST OF TABLES……………………………………….…………………………..…..vi
     
     CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION…………………...……..……………….....…...1
     1.1 Motivation ………………………………………………………………………....1
     1.2 Background…………………………………………………………………………..1
     1.2.1 Languages in Taiwan...………………………..……………………….......................2
     1.2.2 Language Education Policy in Taiwan……………………………………...2
     1.2.3 In Taiwan: English Language Education Development and Policy……….................4
     1.2.4 Definition of English vis-à-vis Taiwan……………………………………...5
     1.2.5 My Critical Review…...…………………………………………..………...9
     1.3 Purpose and Objectives of the Study………………………………………..………….9
     1.4 Conclusion..…………………………………………………………………..…..10
     
     CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW….………………………………...........11
     2.1 Why Teach about Culture?..……………..…………………………................11
     2.1.1 Definition of Culture…………………………….…………………..........12
     2.1.2 American Culture ……………………………….………………………..14
     2.1.3 Relationship of Culture, Language, and Communication………………...15
     2.1.4 Role of Culture in Teaching English Language Instruction ……………...16
     2.1.5 Importance of Culture Teaching in Foreign Language Classrooms………17
     2.2 Empirical Studies and Research on Culture Teaching for English Language…… 20
     2.2.1 In Taiwan …………………………………………………………………20
     2.2.2 Other Examples…………………………………………………………...21
     2.3 Integration of Culture Teaching in English Language Classrooms……………..22
     2.3.1 Goals of Culture Teaching in English Language Instruction…………….23
     2.3.2 Strategies and Techniques………………………………………………...25
     2.3.3 Assessment………………………………………………………………..30
     2.3.4 “Culture Shock”…………………………………………………………..33
     2.3.5 Effects and Challenges in Integrating Culture Teaching in the English Language Classroom……………….…………………………………….34
     
     CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY……………………………………………..37
     3.1 General Method…………………………………………………………………..37
     3.2 Subjects…………………………………………………………………………..38
      3.2.1 Sampling Criteria…………………………………………………………38
     3.3 Instruments………………………………………………………………………...38
      3.3.1 Content and Framework of Questionnaires……………………………….39
      3.3.2 Interviews…………………………………………………………………..42
     3.4 Data Analysis Method……………………………………………………………42
     3.5 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………..42
     
     CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS………………………………………………………..44
     4.1 Background Information of the Subjects…………………………………………44
      4.1.1 Introduction of Background Information of the Subjects……………45
     4.2 Subjects’ Responses to Variables…………………………………………………49
     4.3 Subjects’ Background Variables and Analysis…………………………………...56
     4.4 Interview Results…………………………………………………………………61
      4.4.1 Description of Interviewees………………………………………….62
      4.4.2 Results of Interviews………………………………………………….65
      4.4.3 Influence of Background Information………………………………..66
     
     CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUDING DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS.….67
     5.1 Summary of the Study……………………………………………………………67
     5.2 Discussion of the Results………………………………………………………...67
      5.2.1 Subjects’ Responses to Variables………………………………………….67
      5.2.2 Subjects’ Background Variables and Analysis……………………………72
     5.3 Suggestions…………………………………………………………..…………...74
     5.4 Suggestions for Further Research…………………………………………………..77
     5.5 Conclusions …………………………………………………………………… …...77
     
     REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………….79
     
     APPENDIX A: Questionnaire (Chinese Version)……………………………………84
     APPENDIX B: Questionnaire (English Version)…………………………………….86
     APPENDIX C: Results of Data Analysis (Chinese Version)……….……………….. 89
     APPENDIX D: Interview Questions………………………………………… ………94
     APPENDIX E : Interview Transcript A……………………………………………… 95
     APPENDIX F: Interview Transcript B ………………………..…………...…..…….98
     APPENDIX G: Interview Transcript C……………………………………………… 101
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     LIST OF TABLES
     
     Table 3.1 Framework of the Questionnaire………………………………………………39
     Table 4.1 The Results for Background Information of the Subjects ……………………..45
     Table 4.2 Mean, Standard Deviation, and Consistency of the Reliability of Variables.50
     Table 4.3 Extraneous Variable and ANOVA of All Variables ………………………..59
     Table 4.4 Background Information of Interviewees …………………………………62		zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095924004en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 文化zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 英語教學zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 將文化的因素納入英語教學:以台北縣國小為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Integrating culture teaching as a component of English Language instruction in elementary schools of Taipei countyen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1. Armstrong, T. (2000). Multiple Intelligences in the Classroom. Alexandria, Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
     2. Bennett, J. M., Bennett, M. J., and, Allen W. (2003). Developing Intercultural Competence in the Language Classroom. Culture as the Core: Perspectives on Culture in Second Language Learning. D. L. Lange and R. M. Paige. Greenwich: Information Age Publishing, Inc.
     3. Brooks, N. (1964). Language and Language Learning: Theory and Practice. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc.
     4. Brown, D. H. (2002). Strategies for Success: A Practical Guide to Learning English. New York: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.
     5. Brown, H. D. (1986). Learning a Second Culture. Culture Bound: Bridging the Cultural Gap in Language Teaching. J. M. Valdes, ed. Cambridge, New York, Cambridge University Press: Pp.33-48.
     6. Brown, H. D. (2000). Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. White Plains, NY: Longman.
     7. Brown, H. D. (2001). Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy. White Plains, NY, Longman.
     8. Byram, M. (1989). Cultural Studies in Foreign Language Education. Clevedon, Philadelphia: Multilingual Matters, Ltd.
     9. Crystal, D. (2006). English Worldwide. A History of the English Language. R. Hogg and D. Denison, eds. Cambridge, CUP: Pp.420-439.
     10. Damen, L. (1987). Culture Learning: The Fifth Dimension in the Language Classroom. Mass., Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
     11. Doff, A. (1995). Teach English: A Training Course for Teachers: Teacher`s Workbook. New York: Cambridge University Press.
     12. Dunnett, S. C., F. Dubin, and Lezberg A.(1986). English Language Teaching from an Intercultural Perspective. Culture Bound: Bridging the Cultural Gap in Language Teaching. J. M. Valdes, ed. New York: Cambridge University Press: Pp.148-161.
     13. Ellis, G. and J. Brewster (2002). Tell it Again! The New Storytelling Handbook for Primary Teachers. London: Pearson Education Ltd.
     14. Guest, M. (2002). A Critical Checkbook for Culture Teaching and Learning; ELT Journal 56(2):154-61.
     15. Hall, E. T. (1959). The Silent Language. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
     16. Hughes, G. H. (1986). An Argument for Culture Analysis in the Second Language Classroom. Culture Bound: Bridging the Cultural Gap in Language Teaching. J. M. Valdes, ed. New York: Cambridge University Press: Pp.162-69.
     17. Katchen, J. E. (1990). Ethnic Diversity: An Important Component of American Culture. The Seventh National Conference on the Teaching of English. Taipei: Crane Publishing, Ltd.
     18. Klein, F. M.-V. (2004). Culture in the Foreign Language Classroom: Teachers` Beliefs, Opportunities and Practice. University of Minnesota. Ph.D. Thesis.
     19. Kowalski, C. (2002). Storytelling in the Language Classroom. The Eleventh International Symposium and Book Fair on English Teaching. Taipei: Crane Publishing, Ltd.
     20. Kroeber, A. L. and C. Kluckhohn (1952). Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions. Taiwan.
     21. Lado, R. (1986). How to Compare Two Cultures. Culture Bound: Bridging the Cultural Gap in Language Teaching. J. M. Valdes, ed., New York: Cambridge University Press: Pp.52-63.
     22. Lange, D. L. and R. M. Paige (2003). Culture as the Core: Perspectives on Culture in Second Language Learning. Greenwich: Information Age Publishing.
     23. Ministry of Education (2003). General Guidelines of Grade One to Nine Curriculum Guidelines for Elementary and Junior High School Education. Taipei: Ministry of Education.
     24. Morain, G. G. (1986). Kinesics and Cross-Cultural Understanding. Culture Bound: Bridging the Cultural Gap in Language Teaching. J. M. Valdes, ed., Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press: Pp.64-76.
     25. Moran, P. R. (2001). Teaching Culture: Perspectives in Practice. Australia; Boston, Mass., Heinle & Heinle.
     26. National Standards in Foreign Language Education Project (1999) Standards for Foreign Language Learning in the 21st Century. Yonkers, NY.
     27. Paige, R. M., Jorstad, H. L., Siaya, L., Klein, F., and, Colby, J. (2003). Culture Learning in Language Education: A Review of the Literature. Culture as the Core: Perspectives on Culture in Second Language Learning. D. L. Lange and R. M. Paige, eds. Greenwich: Information Age Publishing: Pp. 173-236.
     28. Pauchulo, A. L. (2005). Culture Teaching in the Foreign Language Classroom: A Descriptive Case Study of Two University Introductory Spanish Courses. York University. Master’s Thesis.
     29. Robins, R. H. (1989). General Linguistics: An Introductory Survey. New York: Longman.
     30. Samovar, L. A., R. E. Porter, et al. (1998). Communication between Cultures Belmont, CA., Wadsworth Publishing Co.
     31. Sapir, E. (1961). Culture, Language and Personality. Berkeley: University of California Press.
     32. Saville-Troike, M. (2003). Extending "Communicative" Concepts in the Second Language Curriculum: A Sociolinguistic Perspective. Culture as the Core: Perspectives on Culture in Second Language Learning. D. L. Lange and R. M. Paige, eds.: Pp. 3-17.
     33. Schulz, R. A. (2007). The Challenge of Assessing Cultural Understanding in the Context of Foreign Language Instruction. Foreign Language Annals 40(1): Pp.9-26.
     34. Scott, W. A. and L. H. Ytreberg (2002). Teaching English to Children. New York: Longman Education, Ltd.
     35. Seelye, H. N. (1993). Teaching Culture: Strategies for Intercultural Communication. Lincolnwood: National Textbook Co.
     36. Slattery, M. and J. Willis (2001). English for Primary Teachers: A Handbook of Activities & Classroom Language. New York: Oxford University Press.
     37. Tishman, S., Perkins, D. and Jay, E (1995). The Thinking Classroom: Learning and Teaching in a Culture of Thinking. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
     38. Tomalin, B. and S. Stempleski (1993). Cultural Awareness. New York: Oxford University Press.
     39. Tsai, Y.-J. (2001). Culture and English Teaching: How Do Secondary English Teachers Conceptualize and Instruct Culture? Taipei: National Normal University. Master’s Thesis.
     40. Tylor, E. B. (1958). Primitive Culture. New York: Harper.
     41. Valdes, J. M., Ed. (1986). Culture Bound: Bridging the Cultural Gap in Language Teaching. New York: Cambridge University Press.
     42. Valette, R. M. (1986). The Culture Test. Culture Bound: Bridging the Cultural Gap in Language Teaching. J. M. Valdes, ed. New York: Cambridge University Press: Pp. 179-97.
     43. Valle, M. R. (1999). Foreign Language Teachers’ Views of Culture: An Exploratory Study. University of Oregon. Ph.D. Thesis.
     44. Wardhaugh, R. (1992). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publisher.
     45. Yang, C.-C. (2003). Chiayi & Tainan Elementary School English Teachers` Opinion Survey toward Culture Teaching. Nan-Tai Technology University. Master’s Thesis.
     46. Yo, V. (2007). Teaching Culture in EFL Classrooms: Taipei City Elementary English Teachers` View and Practice of Culture. National Taipei University of Education. Master’s Thesis.
     47. Yu, Y.-M. (2002). Cultural Awareness in the EFL Classroom. Taipei, National Chengchi University Master’s Thesis.		zh_TW