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題名 由經濟附加價值(EVA)檢視產業間價值驅動因子之差異性
作者 陳夢茹
貢獻者 鄭丁旺
陳夢茹
關鍵詞 價值動因
智慧資本
經濟附加價值
Value Drivers
Intellectual Capital
Economic Value Added
日期 2002
上傳時間 9-May-2016 16:20:55 (UTC+8)
摘要   隨著土地、勞力成本提高及開發中國家之競爭,台灣的傳統產業長期低迷不振,而美國「新知識經濟」效應,引伸出智慧資本的重要性,也使得投資人資金追逐具有未來憧憬的高科技股票,導致傳統產業發展陷入瓶頸。儘管現今高科技產業當道,但平心而論,不少傳統產業也曾是過去的新興產業,並造就台灣經濟奇蹟,在經濟發展史上不容忽視。職此,本研究以價值衡量觀點出發,以經濟附加價值(EVA)為公司價值之衡量指標,主要目的在探討傳統產業和高科技產業之價值驅動因子差異性。實證結果發現:(一)不論傳統或高科技產業,財務性價值動因皆為企業達成價值創造的主要因素。傳統產業若能提高銷貨成長率、增進營運資金使用效率、降低資金成本,皆有助創造企業價值。高科技產業如能妥善運用營運資金,亦能創造價值。資本支出在兩種產業中皆為價值創造之決定因素,然卻與預測方向不符。(二)智慧資本對傳統產業不具解釋力。高科技產業中,員工平均年齡較年輕、員工每人營收愈高,將提昇企業價值;而每名員工管理費用與預測方向不符。(三)不論傳統或高科技產業,財務性價值動因皆較智慧資本具解釋力,這可能因智慧資本指標不具代表性或與研究期間有關。但對於無形資產當道的新經濟時代,建議傳統產業可考慮將產業特性與科技結合,積極升級、轉型;高科技產業未來仍需就軟體與網路應用深耕發展,提昇科技人才素質及創新研發能力。最後,藉由發現影響企業價值的主要因素,企業應將此類攸關因素加以揭露,或以補充性報表表達,不但使企業更瞭解本身競爭優勢,協助管理當局進行價值管理與價值創造,也能幫助投資人更精確地評估企業價值。
  With the increasing costs of land and labor, also with the competitions from developing countries, traditional industries in Taiwan have depressed for a long time.「New Knowledge Economy」effects also reveal the importance of intellectual capital, making investors search for high-tech stocks; therefore, traditional industries fall into a bottleneck. The study uses EVA(Economic Value Added)as an enterprise value measure to explore the differences of value drivers between traditional and high-tech industries, finding the following results. First, financial value drivers are important variables to create value both in traditional and high-tech industries. These variables are SG(Sales Growth)、WC(Working Capital)and WACC(Weighted Average Cost of Capital)in traditional industries, and WC(Working Capital)in high-tech industries. CE(Capital Expenditure)is also a vital factor, but is opposite to hypotheses. Second, there`s a significant association between intellectual capital variables and enterprise value of high-tch industries; nevertheless, appearing no significant reaction in traditional industries. In high-tech industries, ADE(Administrative Expense per Employee)、AEA(Average Employee Age)and SPE(Sales per Employee)are all value creative drivers, but ADE is in a reverse direction. Third, financial value drivers are more associated with enterprise value than non-financial value drivers(intelligent capital variables)in both industries, probably owing to the research period or the fact that intellectual capital variables aren`t representative. However, we suggest traditional industries increase R&D expense to upgrade and high-tech industries expand to software or Internet field. Finally, the results recommend enterprises disclosure these value-creation drivers or express them in a supplementary statement.
參考文獻 一、中文部分
汪泱若,1997,成本會計(下冊):第二十四章,自行出版。
宋道航譯(Thomas Stewart 原著),1998,智慧資本:資訊時代的企業利基,台北:智庫文化。
吳秀娟,2000,企業市場價值與淨值差異影響因素之研究-以我國資訊電子業為例,國立政治大學會計學研究所未出版碩士論文。
李坤致,2001,智慧資本與價值動因對企業價值影響之研究,國立中正大學企業管理研究所未出版碩士論文。
林大容譯(Leif Edvinsson & Michael S. Malone原著),1999,智慧資本:如何衡量資訊時代無形資產的價值,台北:麥田出版公司。
周文賢,2001,多變量統計分析-SAS/STAT之應用,智勝文化。
涂宏任,2000,經濟附加價值解釋科技產業經營績效能力之研究,國立中正大學企業管理研究所未出版碩士論文。
莫菲譯(Karl Erik Sveiby原著),1999,無形資產致勝策略-微軟、網景、昇陽等成功企業新財富,台北:圓智文化。
馬秀如,2000,資訊軟體業無形資產鑑價制度之研究,台灣證券交易所股份有限公司。
張素鈴,1999,公司評價新趨勢-EVA(經濟附加價值)在台灣應用的可行性,國立中央大學財務管理研究所未出版碩士論文。
張耿豪,1999,經濟附加價值資訊內涵之研究-以台灣上市公司為例,國立交通大學科技管理研究所未出版碩士論文。
黃如惠,1999,企業價值創造活動型態、財務政策與經濟附加價值之研究,國立交通大學科技管理研究所未出版碩士論文。
黃德舜,1998,企業財務分析-企業價值的創造與評估,初版,台北:華泰書局。
湯珮妤,2000,企業類型與研發支出、專利權成效之遞延效果研究,國立中正大學企業管理研究所未出版碩士論文。
鄭丁旺,2001,會計理論之發展,中級會計學(第七版):第一章,自行出版。
歐進士,1997,我國企業研究發展與經營績效關聯之實證研究。
蔡湘萍,2000,銀行績效指標的選擇-EVA與會計指標孰優,國立中正大學財務金融研究所未出版碩士論文。
蘇俊源,2001,產業間價值創造因素差異性之研究-以水泥業與軟體業為例,國立中正大學企業管理研究所未出版碩士論文。
二、英文部分
Bassi, L and D Mc Murrer.1997.Training investment can mean financial performance.Training and Development:40-42.
Bell, C.R.1997.Intellectual capital.Executive Excellence:15.
Biddle, Gray C., Robert M.Bowen, and James S.Wallace.1997.Does EVAR beat earnings?Evidence on associations with stock returns and firm values.Journal of Accounting and Economics:301-336.
Brighan, Eugene F., Louis C. Gapenski and Michael C. Ehrhardt.1999.Financial management:Theory and practice. The Dryden Press.
Brooking,A.,P.Board and S.Jones.1998.The predictive potential of intellectual capital.Int. J. Technology Management:115-125.
Chauvin,K.W. and M.Hirschey.1993.Advertising, R&D expenditures and the market value of the firm.Financial Management(Winter):231-258.
Chauvin,K.W. and M.Hirschey.1994.Goodwill, profitability and the market value of the firm.Journal of Accounting and Public Policy.
Chen, Shimin and Dodd, James L.1997.EVA:A new panacea? Business and Economic Review(Fall):318-333.
Fisher, Anne B.1995.Creating stockholder wealth.Fortune(December):105-116.
FMAC(Financial and Management Accounting Committee).1998.The measurement and management of intellectual capital:An introduction.International Federation of Accountants.
Grant James. L.1996.Foundations of EVA for investment managers. Journal of Protfolio Management(Fall):41-48.
Hirschey, M.1982.Intangible capital aspects of advertising and R&D expenditures.Journal of Industrial Economics(June):375-389.
Hirschey and J.J.Weygandt.1985.Amortization policy for advertising and research and development expenditures.Journal of Accounting Research:326-335.
Hirschey and R.S. Spencer.1982.Size effects in the market valuation of fundamental factors.Financial Analysis Journal.
J. Peter Green, Andrew W.Stark and Hardy M.Thomas.1996.UK evidence on the market valuation of research and development expenditures.Journal of Business Accounting(March):196-215.
Lehn, Kenneth. and Makhija, Anil K.1996.EVA & MVA:As performance measures and signals for strategic change.Planning Review:34-38.
Masoulas, V.1998.Organizational requirement definition for intellectual capital.Int. J. Technology Management.
Mayfield, John. 1997. Economic value management. Management Accounting:32-33.
McCormack, J.L. and J.Vytheeswaran.1998.How to use EVA in the oil and gas industry.Journal of Applied Corporate Finance:109-131.
Morin, Roger A.&Shery L.Jarrel.2001.Driving shareholder value.New York:McGraw-Hill.
O’Byrne, Stevahen F.1996.EVA and market value.Bank of America Journal of Applied Corporation Finance:116-125.
Osborne, A.1998.Measuring intellectual capital:The real value of company.Ohio CPA Journal(October).
Peter Green, Andrew W.Stark and Hardy M.Thomas.1996.UK evidence on the market valuation of research and development expenditures.Journal of Business Accounting.
Rappaport, Alfred.1986.Creating shareholder value:The new standard for business performance.New York:The Free Press.
Ronald W. Hilton.1994.Managerial Accounting.The Mc Graw-Hill Inc.
Roos, J., R. Roos L.Edvinsson and N.Dragonetti.1998.Intellectual capital:Navigating in the new business landscape.New York University Press.
Smith, Gordon V. and Russell L.Parr.2000.Valuation of intellectual property and intangible assets.New York:John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sougiannis, T.1994.The accounting based valuation of corporate R&D.Accounting Review(Summer):44-68.
Stern&Joel.1993.Value and people management.Corporate Finance:35-37.
Stewart III, G. Bennett III.1990.The quest for value:a guide for senior managers.New York:Harper Business.
Stewart, T. A.1997.Intellectual capital: The new wealth of organizations.New York: Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group Inc.
Sullivan, Patrick H.2000.Value-driven intellectual capital.New York:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.
Tully, Shawn.1993.The real key to create wealth.Fortune(September):38-50.
Ulrich, D.1998.Intellectual capital equals competence X commitment.Solan Management Review:15-26.
Wallaces, J. S.1996.Adopting residual income based compensation plans.Evidence of Effects on Management Actions.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
會計學系
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#A2010000285
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 鄭丁旺zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳夢茹zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 陳夢茹zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2002en_US
dc.date.accessioned 9-May-2016 16:20:55 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 9-May-2016 16:20:55 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 9-May-2016 16:20:55 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) A2010000285en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/95455-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 會計學系zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要)   隨著土地、勞力成本提高及開發中國家之競爭,台灣的傳統產業長期低迷不振,而美國「新知識經濟」效應,引伸出智慧資本的重要性,也使得投資人資金追逐具有未來憧憬的高科技股票,導致傳統產業發展陷入瓶頸。儘管現今高科技產業當道,但平心而論,不少傳統產業也曾是過去的新興產業,並造就台灣經濟奇蹟,在經濟發展史上不容忽視。職此,本研究以價值衡量觀點出發,以經濟附加價值(EVA)為公司價值之衡量指標,主要目的在探討傳統產業和高科技產業之價值驅動因子差異性。實證結果發現:(一)不論傳統或高科技產業,財務性價值動因皆為企業達成價值創造的主要因素。傳統產業若能提高銷貨成長率、增進營運資金使用效率、降低資金成本,皆有助創造企業價值。高科技產業如能妥善運用營運資金,亦能創造價值。資本支出在兩種產業中皆為價值創造之決定因素,然卻與預測方向不符。(二)智慧資本對傳統產業不具解釋力。高科技產業中,員工平均年齡較年輕、員工每人營收愈高,將提昇企業價值;而每名員工管理費用與預測方向不符。(三)不論傳統或高科技產業,財務性價值動因皆較智慧資本具解釋力,這可能因智慧資本指標不具代表性或與研究期間有關。但對於無形資產當道的新經濟時代,建議傳統產業可考慮將產業特性與科技結合,積極升級、轉型;高科技產業未來仍需就軟體與網路應用深耕發展,提昇科技人才素質及創新研發能力。最後,藉由發現影響企業價值的主要因素,企業應將此類攸關因素加以揭露,或以補充性報表表達,不但使企業更瞭解本身競爭優勢,協助管理當局進行價值管理與價值創造,也能幫助投資人更精確地評估企業價值。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要)   With the increasing costs of land and labor, also with the competitions from developing countries, traditional industries in Taiwan have depressed for a long time.「New Knowledge Economy」effects also reveal the importance of intellectual capital, making investors search for high-tech stocks; therefore, traditional industries fall into a bottleneck. The study uses EVA(Economic Value Added)as an enterprise value measure to explore the differences of value drivers between traditional and high-tech industries, finding the following results. First, financial value drivers are important variables to create value both in traditional and high-tech industries. These variables are SG(Sales Growth)、WC(Working Capital)and WACC(Weighted Average Cost of Capital)in traditional industries, and WC(Working Capital)in high-tech industries. CE(Capital Expenditure)is also a vital factor, but is opposite to hypotheses. Second, there`s a significant association between intellectual capital variables and enterprise value of high-tch industries; nevertheless, appearing no significant reaction in traditional industries. In high-tech industries, ADE(Administrative Expense per Employee)、AEA(Average Employee Age)and SPE(Sales per Employee)are all value creative drivers, but ADE is in a reverse direction. Third, financial value drivers are more associated with enterprise value than non-financial value drivers(intelligent capital variables)in both industries, probably owing to the research period or the fact that intellectual capital variables aren`t representative. However, we suggest traditional industries increase R&D expense to upgrade and high-tech industries expand to software or Internet field. Finally, the results recommend enterprises disclosure these value-creation drivers or express them in a supplementary statement.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 論文摘要
Abstract
謝辭
目錄
表目次-----I
圖目次-----III
第一章 緒論-----01
  第一節 研究動機與目的-----01
  第二節 研究問題-----03
  第三節 論文架構與研究流程-----03
第二章 理論基礎與文獻探討-----05
  第一節 價值動因-----05
  第二節 智慧資本-----14
  第三節 經濟附加價值-----29
第三章 研究方法-----44
  第一節 研究架構-----44
  第二節 研究變數定義與假說-----44
  第三節 樣本選取與資料蒐集-----54
  第四節 資料分析方法-----57
第四章 實證結果與分析-----59
  第一節 價值動因對企業價值之實證結果分析-----59
  第二節 智慧資本對企業價值之實證結果分析-----64
第五章 結論與建議-----75
  第一節 結論-----75
  第二節 研究建議-----77
  第三節 研究限制-----78
參考文獻-----79
一、中文部分-----79
二、英文部分-----80

表目次
表2-1 成本領導策略之支援戰略-----07
表2-2 差異化策略之支援戰略表-----07
表2-3 價值動因─相關變數表-----09
表2-4 價值動因變數彙總表-----14
表2-5 智慧資本定義彙總表-----15
表2-6 智慧資本分類表-----19
表2-7 無形資產與智慧資本衡量指標-----22
表2-8 三種無形收益:改善外在結構、改善內在結構、改善人員勝任能力-----29
表2-9 GAAP與EVA處理方式比較-----37
表3-1 本研究之樣本公司-----55
表3-2 實證變數資料來源-----56
表4-1 傳統產業EVA與價值動因之敘述性統計分析-----59
表4-2 高科技產業EVA與價值動因之敘述性統計分析-----59
表4-3 傳統產業價值動因相關係數-----60
表4-4 高科技產業價值動因相關係數-----60
表4-5 傳統產業EVA與價值動因之迴歸分析-----62
表4-6 高科技產業EVA與價值動因之迴歸分析-----63
表4-7 價值動因對EVA解釋能力之實證結果比較-----63
表4-8 價值動因對價值創造之主要影響因素比較-----64
表4-9 傳統產業經濟附加價值與智慧資本之敘述性統計分析-----65
表4-10 高科技產業經濟附加價值與智慧資本之敘述性統計分析-----65
表4-11 傳統產業智慧資本相關係數-----66
表4-12 高科技產業智慧資本相關係數-----67
表4-13 傳統產業EVA與智慧資本之迴歸分析-----69
表4-14 高科技產業EVA與智慧資本之迴歸分析-----71
表4-15 價值動因對EVA解釋能力之實證結果比較-----71
表4-16 智慧資本對價值創造之主要影響因素比較-----73
表4-17 研究假說彙總表-----74

圖目次
圖1-1 研究流程-----04
圖2-1 企業股權價值網-----06
圖2-2 企業各階層目標的連結關係-----09
圖2-3 企業價值管理程序-----10
圖2-4 EVA樹狀圖-----11
圖2-5 斯堪地亞智慧資本架構-----17
圖2-6 斯堪地亞智慧資本導航者-----21
圖2-7 智慧資本的管理-----28
圖2-8 來自顧客、新員工、供應商的無形收益-----29
圖2-9 資訊流調整圖-----32
圖3-1 研究架構-----44
zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#A2010000285en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 價值動因zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 智慧資本zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 經濟附加價值zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Value Driversen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Intellectual Capitalen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Economic Value Addeden_US
dc.title (題名) 由經濟附加價值(EVA)檢視產業間價值驅動因子之差異性zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文部分
汪泱若,1997,成本會計(下冊):第二十四章,自行出版。
宋道航譯(Thomas Stewart 原著),1998,智慧資本:資訊時代的企業利基,台北:智庫文化。
吳秀娟,2000,企業市場價值與淨值差異影響因素之研究-以我國資訊電子業為例,國立政治大學會計學研究所未出版碩士論文。
李坤致,2001,智慧資本與價值動因對企業價值影響之研究,國立中正大學企業管理研究所未出版碩士論文。
林大容譯(Leif Edvinsson & Michael S. Malone原著),1999,智慧資本:如何衡量資訊時代無形資產的價值,台北:麥田出版公司。
周文賢,2001,多變量統計分析-SAS/STAT之應用,智勝文化。
涂宏任,2000,經濟附加價值解釋科技產業經營績效能力之研究,國立中正大學企業管理研究所未出版碩士論文。
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