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題名 監察人制度對私立學校財務透明程度影響之研究
作者 蔡蕙婷
貢獻者 馬秀如
蔡蕙婷
關鍵詞 私立學校
監察人制度
財務透明程度
資訊之可接近性
Privately-funded school
The system of supervisors
Financial transparency
Accessibility of information
日期 2002
上傳時間 10-May-2016 15:55:51 (UTC+8)
摘要   近年來,私立學校(以下簡稱私校)不斷爆發財務問題,不僅影響教育目標之達成,亦引起社會大眾對私校的不信任。教育部認為,治本之道,在強化私校的內部控制,於是,修正私立學校法,並強制私校設置監察人(見民國九十年九月公布的修正草案),惟其後教育部的立場已由強制設置改為鼓勵設置。草案公布後,私校董事的反對聲浪不斷,但其他人則可能有不同的看法。本研究探討對監察人制度是否可降低私校發生財務問題的看法,以及不同人對上述問題的看法是否不同。
  財務透明,是組織避免發生財務問題的一個方法,因此,本研究藉監察人制度是否影響私校財務透明的程度,而回答上述第一個問題。不同特色的監察人制度,功能亦不同,本研究從三個層面探討監察人制度的特色,包括:監察人的獨立性、其專業能力與監察人的規模;財務透明程度則著眼於資訊的可接近性,並從資訊揭露的管道、頻率及資訊的種類三個層面來衡量財務資訊的可接近性。
  本研究根據監察人制度與私立學校財務資訊可接近性的關係,發展三個假說,探討私立學校監察人制度之建立,是否與財務資訊揭露的管道能公平對待每一位欲取得資訊之人有關、是否與財務資訊揭露之頻率有關,以及是否與所揭露財務資訊之種類有關。為瞭解不同人對監察人制度與私校財務透明程度間之關係的看法是否不同,本研究又探討與私校有關的人士是否因身份之不同而對上述關係有不同的看法。本研究係以問卷蒐集資料,在設計問卷前,本研究訪談北部某私立技術學院之校長,辨認與監察人制度各層面有關的十個問題。本研究共發出問卷811份,回收份數130份,有效問卷109份。
  根據實證分析,本研究所獲致的結論,為:一、當監察人的獨立性及專業性程度較高,且規模較大時,私校財務透明的程度即較高;而監察人制度對揭露資訊的種類,影響不大,僅監察人之專業,性與「租賃或買賣校地」資訊之揭露有關。二、對上述關係的看法,董事長與校務行政人員及老師未有顯著不同,但校務行政中的校長及會計主任,則顯著不同。三、對監察人的獨立性,受試者的信心較不足,但對其專業能力,則未顯現信心或缺,由於對後者的重視程度較高,整體而言,對監察人制度仍持較正面的看法。綜上所述,設立監察人制度與私校財務透明程度的增加間呈正相關,應可成立。因此,私立學校應以更開放的心胸,去看待監察人制度,雖然它並不是解決私校問題的唯一方法,但它不失為一個值得嘗試的方法。
  Financial irregularities of privately-fimded schools emerged one by one recently.These occurrences not only impact adversely on the achievement of educational goals but also lead to doubt on the worthiness of their existence. One way to solve such problem is to strengthen the effectiveness of internal controls. The Ministry of Education tries to amend the Private School Law and mandates the privately-funded schools to install an audit committee on the top of their board of directors in the bill in September, 2001. The attitude regarding the audit committee of the Ministry, however, has switched, from mandating to optional but encouraging.
  Since the deliberation is first publicized, the board of directors who are under the supervision of several privately-funded schools oppose strongly, but others keeping silence may hold the opposite views. Therefore, this study investigates the general perceptions whether the installment of audit committee reduces the occurrences of financial irregularities and whether different people hold different views on the said question. Financial transparency is one way to avoid the financial difficulties. This study investigates if the new system affects the degree of financial transparency in privately-funded schools in responding the general perception question. Because function of audit committees is dependent on the members’independence and competence and size of the committee, this study investigates whether these features affect the degree of financial transparency. The financial transparency discussed focuses on the accessibility of financial information, and the measurement of accessibility, which are dependent in turn on the channel, the frequency, and the types of information disclosed.

  This study develops three hypotheses based on the accessibility of financial information in privately-funded schools, and investigates whether the installment of such a system is correlated with the free access to, the frequency of the access of financial information, and types of information disclosed. Besides, this study also investigates whether people in different position (principals, accounting managers, chairman of the board, student`s parents, teachers, administrators of the Ministry of Education or external auditors) hold different views on the above relation.
  This study uses questionnaires to collect perceptions of different people. This study identifies ten questions for various aspects of audit committee in privately-funded schools before the questionnaire is finalized by interviewing a principal responses one privately-funded college. This study sends 811 questionnaires and receives 130; 109 are usable and analyses are based on these responses.

  The conclusions of this study are:
  1. The more independent and more professional of the committee member and the larger of a committee is, the higher financial transparency a privately-funded school can achieve, but the committee influences little on types information disclosed, only the information of "leasing and trading land" impaction the committee member`s competence.
  2. The views of the chairman of the board regarding the relation between the installment of audit committee and the degree of financial transparency are not different significantly with those of the administrative personnel and teachers in privately-funded schools, but principals and accounting managers held views different significantly.
  3. The subjects lack confidence in audit committee member`s independence, but trust their competence. Because they weigh the competence heavier than the independence, they think positively on the system as a whole.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
會計學系
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#A2010000494
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 馬秀如zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 蔡蕙婷zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 蔡蕙婷zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2002en_US
dc.date.accessioned 10-May-2016 15:55:51 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 10-May-2016 15:55:51 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 10-May-2016 15:55:51 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) A2010000494en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/95919-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 會計學系zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要)   近年來,私立學校(以下簡稱私校)不斷爆發財務問題,不僅影響教育目標之達成,亦引起社會大眾對私校的不信任。教育部認為,治本之道,在強化私校的內部控制,於是,修正私立學校法,並強制私校設置監察人(見民國九十年九月公布的修正草案),惟其後教育部的立場已由強制設置改為鼓勵設置。草案公布後,私校董事的反對聲浪不斷,但其他人則可能有不同的看法。本研究探討對監察人制度是否可降低私校發生財務問題的看法,以及不同人對上述問題的看法是否不同。
  財務透明,是組織避免發生財務問題的一個方法,因此,本研究藉監察人制度是否影響私校財務透明的程度,而回答上述第一個問題。不同特色的監察人制度,功能亦不同,本研究從三個層面探討監察人制度的特色,包括:監察人的獨立性、其專業能力與監察人的規模;財務透明程度則著眼於資訊的可接近性,並從資訊揭露的管道、頻率及資訊的種類三個層面來衡量財務資訊的可接近性。
  本研究根據監察人制度與私立學校財務資訊可接近性的關係,發展三個假說,探討私立學校監察人制度之建立,是否與財務資訊揭露的管道能公平對待每一位欲取得資訊之人有關、是否與財務資訊揭露之頻率有關,以及是否與所揭露財務資訊之種類有關。為瞭解不同人對監察人制度與私校財務透明程度間之關係的看法是否不同,本研究又探討與私校有關的人士是否因身份之不同而對上述關係有不同的看法。本研究係以問卷蒐集資料,在設計問卷前,本研究訪談北部某私立技術學院之校長,辨認與監察人制度各層面有關的十個問題。本研究共發出問卷811份,回收份數130份,有效問卷109份。
  根據實證分析,本研究所獲致的結論,為:一、當監察人的獨立性及專業性程度較高,且規模較大時,私校財務透明的程度即較高;而監察人制度對揭露資訊的種類,影響不大,僅監察人之專業,性與「租賃或買賣校地」資訊之揭露有關。二、對上述關係的看法,董事長與校務行政人員及老師未有顯著不同,但校務行政中的校長及會計主任,則顯著不同。三、對監察人的獨立性,受試者的信心較不足,但對其專業能力,則未顯現信心或缺,由於對後者的重視程度較高,整體而言,對監察人制度仍持較正面的看法。綜上所述,設立監察人制度與私校財務透明程度的增加間呈正相關,應可成立。因此,私立學校應以更開放的心胸,去看待監察人制度,雖然它並不是解決私校問題的唯一方法,但它不失為一個值得嘗試的方法。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要)   Financial irregularities of privately-fimded schools emerged one by one recently.These occurrences not only impact adversely on the achievement of educational goals but also lead to doubt on the worthiness of their existence. One way to solve such problem is to strengthen the effectiveness of internal controls. The Ministry of Education tries to amend the Private School Law and mandates the privately-funded schools to install an audit committee on the top of their board of directors in the bill in September, 2001. The attitude regarding the audit committee of the Ministry, however, has switched, from mandating to optional but encouraging.
  Since the deliberation is first publicized, the board of directors who are under the supervision of several privately-funded schools oppose strongly, but others keeping silence may hold the opposite views. Therefore, this study investigates the general perceptions whether the installment of audit committee reduces the occurrences of financial irregularities and whether different people hold different views on the said question. Financial transparency is one way to avoid the financial difficulties. This study investigates if the new system affects the degree of financial transparency in privately-funded schools in responding the general perception question. Because function of audit committees is dependent on the members’independence and competence and size of the committee, this study investigates whether these features affect the degree of financial transparency. The financial transparency discussed focuses on the accessibility of financial information, and the measurement of accessibility, which are dependent in turn on the channel, the frequency, and the types of information disclosed.

  This study develops three hypotheses based on the accessibility of financial information in privately-funded schools, and investigates whether the installment of such a system is correlated with the free access to, the frequency of the access of financial information, and types of information disclosed. Besides, this study also investigates whether people in different position (principals, accounting managers, chairman of the board, student`s parents, teachers, administrators of the Ministry of Education or external auditors) hold different views on the above relation.
  This study uses questionnaires to collect perceptions of different people. This study identifies ten questions for various aspects of audit committee in privately-funded schools before the questionnaire is finalized by interviewing a principal responses one privately-funded college. This study sends 811 questionnaires and receives 130; 109 are usable and analyses are based on these responses.

  The conclusions of this study are:
  1. The more independent and more professional of the committee member and the larger of a committee is, the higher financial transparency a privately-funded school can achieve, but the committee influences little on types information disclosed, only the information of "leasing and trading land" impaction the committee member`s competence.
  2. The views of the chairman of the board regarding the relation between the installment of audit committee and the degree of financial transparency are not different significantly with those of the administrative personnel and teachers in privately-funded schools, but principals and accounting managers held views different significantly.
  3. The subjects lack confidence in audit committee member`s independence, but trust their competence. Because they weigh the competence heavier than the independence, they think positively on the system as a whole.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 謝詞
摘要
Abstract
目錄-----i
表目錄-----iii
圖目錄-----iv
第一章 緒論-----1
  第一節 研究動機與目的-----1
  第二節 研究問題與研究架構-----3
  第三節 研究流程-----6
第二章 文獻探討-----8
  第一節 監察人制度-----8
  第二節 財務透明-----15
  第三節 對內部控制之評估-----20
  第四節 本章彙總-----22
第三章 研究方法-----24
  第一節 研究假說-----24
  第二節 變數定義-----28
  第三節 專家訪談-----34
  第四節 問卷之設計-----35
  第五節 研究對象-----42
  第六節 資料分析方法-----43
第四章 研究結果-----44
  第一節 問卷之寄發與回收-----44
  第二節 敘述統計-----47
    4.2.1 私校在網路上公布財務報表的情況─可以點閱的人與時段-----47
    4.2.2 私校董事會一年向監察人報告的次數(含主動及被動報告)-----49
    4.2.3 除法令規定須揭露之資訊外,私校還可能揭露的資訊-----52
    4.2.4 對私立學校監察人制度的看法-----55
  第三節 變異數分析-----57
    4.3.1 私立學校財務報表在網路公布之情形-----57
    4.3.2 私立學校董事會一年中向監察人報告的次數-----63
第五章 結論與建議-----71
  第一節 研究結論-----71
  第二節 研究限制-----73
  第三節 研究建議-----74
附錄一 監察人制度之介紹-----77
附錄二 我國私立學校法修正草案中對監察人之規定-----79
附錄三 日本及美國對私立學校之規定-----83
附錄四 問卷-----89
參考文獻-----91

表目錄
表3.1 研究變數之整理-----33
表3.2 監察人制度的情境-----36
表3.3 有權點閱私校網路上公布財務報表的人與時間-----37
表3.4 私校自願揭露的六種資訊與OECD要求公司揭露資訊之關係-----40
表3.5 對監察人制度的看法-----41
表4.1.1 問卷發出及回收數目統計─按受試者服務單位別-----45
表4.1.2 問卷發出及回收數目統計─按受試者職位別-----45
表4.2.1 私校在網路公布財報之情況一次數分配、平均數、標準差-----48
表4.2.2 私校董事會向監察人報告之次數一次數分配、平均數、標準差-----50
表4.2.3 第一到第八種監察人制度下私校可能揭露的其他資訊之複選題次數分配表-----54
表4.2.4 對私立學校監察人制度之認知與看法之複選題次數表-----56
表4.3.1 私校財報在網路公布情形之ANOVA摘要表─獨立性、專業性、規模-----58
表4.3.2 私校財報在網路公布情形之ANOVA摘要表─獨立性、專業性、規模、群組-----59
表4.3.3 私校財報在網路公布情形之單純主要效果檢定摘要表─獨立性與群組1-----60
表4.3.4 受試者類別對私校財報在網路公布情形的看法之事後比較摘要表-----60
表4.3.5 私校財報在網路公布情形之ANOVA摘要表─獨立性、專業性、規模、群組1-1-----61
表4.3.6 私校財報在網路公布情形之ANOVA摘要表─獨立性、專業性、規模、群組1-1-1-----62
表4.3.7 私校財報在網路公布情形之單純主要效果檢定摘要表─專業性與群組1-1-1-----63
表4.3.8 私校董事會向監察人報告次數影響之AMOVA摘要表─獨立性、專業性、規模-----64
表4.3.9 私校董事會向監察人報告次數之ANO摘要表─獨立性、專業性、規模、群組1-----66
表4.3.10 私校董事會向監察人報告次數之單純主要效果檢定摘要表─獨立性與群組1-----66
表4.3.11 私校董事會向監察人報告次數之單純主要效果檢定摘要表─專業性與群組1-----67
表4.3.12 受試者類別對私校董事會向監察人報告次數的看法之事後比較摘要表-----67
表4.3.13 私校董事會向監察人報告次數之ANOVA摘要表─獨立性、專業性、規模、群組1-1-----68
表4.3.14 私校董事會向監察人報告次數之單純主要效果檢定摘要表─獨立性與群組1-1-----69
表4.3.15 私校董事會向監察人報告次數之ANOVA摘要表─獨立性、專業性、規模、群組1-1-1-----70
表4.3.16 受試者所擔任之職位對私校董事會向監察人報告次數影響之事後比較摘要表-----70
附表1.1 私校法修正草案中對監察人之規定-----82

圖目錄
圖1.1 研究架構-----5
圖1.2 研究流程-----7
圖4.2.1 私校在網路公布財報情況之次數統計-----49
圖4.2.2 私校董事會一年向監察人報告次數之次數統計-----51
zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#A2010000494en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 私立學校zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 監察人制度zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 財務透明程度zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 資訊之可接近性zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Privately-funded schoolen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) The system of supervisorsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Financial transparencyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Accessibility of informationen_US
dc.title (題名) 監察人制度對私立學校財務透明程度影響之研究zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US