學術產出-Theses
Article View/Open
Publication Export
-
題名 企業集團設立網站創新型態之研究 作者 林育德
Lin, Yu-De貢獻者 吳思華
Wu, Se-Hwa
林育德
Lin, Yu-De日期 1998 上傳時間 10-May-2016 18:51:45 (UTC+8) 摘要 本研究著重於「知識」對「由集團設立」之「網站創新」的影響,針對網站創新的「類型」、「啟動者」、與「來源」作研究。本研究將集團之多角化類型分為:1、同業多角化與2、異業多角化,以集團之多角化類型來作為其知識多元程度之代表。另外將網站創新的類型分為:1、多角跳躍型2、專業漸進型;將網站創新的啟動者分為:1、高階2、低階;將網站創新的來源分為:1、原有組織內向整合2、外向學習。 參考文獻 一、中文部份1. 毛穎崙(民84),「lnternet 在房屋仲介業之應用」,網路通訊雜誌。2. 杜勵(民86),「網路領航員與網路節點之關鍵成功因素」,國立政治大學企業管理研究所末出版碩士論文。3. 李幸宜(民86) ,「太平洋房屋資訊應用側重完整情報網的建立」,環球資訊,87 年3月16日。4. 余清水(民82),「創新理論及實例的探討」,國立清華大學工業工程研究所未出版碩士論文。5. 何全德(民87),「Internet」電子商務發展現況",http: //www.psd.iii.org. tw/inews/focus/ec_trend/ main.htm6. 季崗(民86),「網路化生存」,北京:中國城市出版社。7 林朝賢(民83),「資訊高速公路在企業經營顧客服務上之應用研究」,國立中山大學資訊管理研究所未出版碩士論文。8. 林震岩(民86),「台灣資訊管理個案集」,台北:華泰出版。9. 林麗君(民87)「美國新世代網際網路推動內函與影響」,http: //www.psd.iii. org. tw/inews/focus/ngi/ngi.htm10. 周冠中(民87),「我國Internet 應用現況調查」,http: //www.psd.iii.org. tw/inews/focus/user98/user98.htm11.於念鑒(民87),「遊戲網站一級戰區」,經濟日報,年2月4日。12 吳忠華(民85),「策略九說」,台北麥田出版社。13. 洪稚齡(民85) ,「房仲業流行網路行銷」,經濟日報, 6月16日。14. 洪稚齡(民85) ,「房仲業上網,資訊送到家」,經濟日報, 6月20日15 。15 . 連麗真、陳雪美合譯(民86),「電子交易」,台北:和碩科技文化出版。16. 黃建仁(民85),「企業網際網路服務提供者、經營策略之研究」,國立交通大學工業工程研究所未出版碩士論文。17. 許秀息(民83),「世界五大唱片公司攻台秘辛...本土業者何去從? 」,財訊, 8月。18. 張元琦(民85),「企業在網際網路上行銷活動之研究」,國立政治大學企業管理研究所未出版碩士論文。19 張情福(民84 年) ,「生存利基與範疇經濟之主動━以富邦金融集團相關多角化成長歷程為例」,國立政治大學企業管理研究所之碩士論文20. 彭玫瑜(民86),「宏基戲谷打造網路遊戲矽谷」,PC Home 電腦報,4月21日。2 l.彭玫瑜(民86),「AcerMal1 乘著空軍一號買氣上升」,PC Home 電腦報,4月21日。22. 彭玫瑜(民86),「AcerMall 將百貨業實戰經驗運用到網路商場」,PC Home 電腦報, 2月17日。23. 趙國仁(民85),「Internet 系統產品的產業競爭策略」,1996中華民國科技管理研討會。24. 楊子江、王美音合譯(民86), Nonaka,I 原著「創新求勝」,台北:遠流出版社。25. 賴偉廉(民87),「1998 年網際網路應用現況與展望」http: //www.psd.iii. org. tw/inews/focus /trend98/trend98. htm26. 謝慧珍(民85),「全球資訊網(WWW)。商業傳播策略之研究」,國立台灣大學商學研究所。英文部分l. Allen, T. J. (1977), `Managing the Flow of Technology` , Cambrige , MA:MIT Press2. Booz, C,Allen,A & Hamilton,A(1982),New Products for the 1980s,New York Book Express3. Bennett, A. (1986), `The Innovative Supervisor` Health Care Supervisor, Vol. 4, No. 2 , Jan pp. 1-124. Bower, G. & Hilgard, A. (1981), `Theories of Learning` ,NJ:Prentice-Hall 5. Comor, E. (1997), `The international implications of the United States Telecommunications Act`, Journal of Economic Issues, Vol. 31, No. 2, Jun, pp. 549-5566. Cohen ,W. & Levinthal, D. (1990), `Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation, ` Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.35, pp. 128-1527.Cronin, B. (1994), `The Internet and competitive intelligence A survey of current practice`, International Journal of Information ,Management , Vol. 14, No. 3, Jun, pp. 204-2228. Damanpour, F. (1991), `Organizational Innovation: A Meta-Analysis of Effects of Determinants and Moderators`, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 34, No. 3, Sep, pp. 555-5909. David, P. and Rothwell,G.(1996), `Standardization, diversity and learning: Strategies for the coevolution of technology and industrial capacity`, International Journal of Industrial Organization, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 181-20110. Demsetz, R. (1993), ` Voting behavior in union representation elections: The influence of ski 11 homogeneity and ski 11 group size`, Industrial & Labor Relations Review, Vol. 47, No.!, Oct, pp. 99-11311. Dougherty,D. (1992), `A Practice-Centered Model of Organizational Renewal \\Through Product Innovation`, Strategic Management Journal, Vol.3(Special Issue), Summer, pp. 77-9212. Ell is, H. ,`The Transger of Learning` , New York: MacMillan 13. Farrell, J. (1985), ` Standardization, Compatibility, and Innovation`, Rand Journal of Economics, Vol. 16, No. 1, Spring ,pp. 70-8314. Fiol, C. (995), `Thought worlds colliding : The role of contradiction incorporate innovation processes Entrepreneurship` , Theory & Practice`, Vo19, No. 3, Spring ,pp. 71-9015. Fleck, J. (994), `Learning by Trying :The Implementation of Configurational Technology`, Research Policy, Vol. 23, pp. 637-65216. Goldhar, 1. (986), ` In the Factory of the Future, Innovation Is Productivity`, Research Management, Vol. 29, No. 2, Mar-Apr, pp. 26-3317. Grossman, S. (1990) ,`Eagles, Otters & Unicorns: Three Species of Innovation` Industry Week, Vol. 239, No. 5, Mar 5, pp. 30-3218. Goldhar, 1. (1986), `In the Factory of the Future, Innovation Is Productivity` Research Management, Vol. 29, No2, Mar/Apr pp. 26-3319. Grant, R. (1996), `Toward a Knowledge-Based Theory of the Firm`, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 17, IV inter Special Issue, pp. 109-122.20. Grant, R. (1996), `Prospering in Dynamically-competitive Environments: Organizational Capability as Knowledge Integration`, Organization Science, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 375-385.21. Hayashi, K. (1993) , (Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?`, Information Economics & Policy, Vol. 5, No4, Dec, pp. 295-30922. Hartman, E. (1994), `Information sources and their relationship to organizational innovation in small businesses`, Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 32, No.1, Jan, pp. 36-4723. Henderson , R.& Clark,K. , (1990), `Architectural Innovation: The econfiguration of Existing Product Technologies and the Failure of Established Firms`, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 35, No!, Mar, pp. 9-3024. Hoffman, D. and Novak, T. (1995), `Marketing in Hypermedia ComputerMediatedEnvironments: Conceptual Foundations` http://www2000, ogsm. vanderbilt25. Holt, K. (1988), `The Role of the User in Product Innovation`, Technovation, Vol. 7, No. 3, Jul, pp. 249-25826.Janal, D.(996), `Market your firm over the Internet`, Accounting Technology, Vo 1. 12, No. 5, J un ,pp. 53-5627. Kogut ,B.& Zander U. (993), `Knowledge of the Firm Combinative Capabilities and the Replication of Technology,` Organization Science, Vol. 3 , No. 3, August, pp. 383-39728. Katz, M. and Sharpiro, C. (994), `System Competition and Network Effects` Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 8, No. 2, Spring, pp. 93-115.29. Katz, M. and Shaprpiro, C. (1992), ` Product Introduction with Network Externalities`, Journal of Industrial Economics, Vol. 40, No1, Mar, pp. 55-8330. Katz, M. and Sharpiro, C. (985), `Network External i ties, Competition, and Compatibi1ity` The American Economic Review, Vol. 75, No. 3, June, pp. 424-440.31. Kamann, D. & Dirk, D. (992), `The Network Approach: Concepts and Applications In the Innovation Networks: Spatial Perspectives`, Edi ted by Roberto Camagni, Belhaven Press, London and New York32. Leonard-Barton, D. (995), `Wellsprings of Knowledge`, Harvard Business School Press, Masachusetts.33. Mansfield ,E. (1968), `Economics of Technological Change`, New York :Norton34. March , J.& Simon , H. (1958), Organizations , New York: Wiley35. Mansell, R. (1993), `Tariffs: Who should pay for the telecommunicationnetwork?`, Telecommunications (International Edition), Vol. 27, No. 2, Feb ,pp. 19-2436. Milliken, F. (1987), `Three Types of Perceived Uncertainty About the Environment : State, Effect, and Response Uncertainty`, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 12, No. 1, Jan, pp. 133-14337. Nonaka, 1. (1990), `Redundant, Over lapping Organization : A Japanese Approach to Managing the Innovation Process`, California Management Review, Vo132, N03, Spring, pp. 27-3838. Rafaeli, S. (1996), `Who Owns Information? From Privacy to Pub1ic Access`, Information Society, Vol. 12, N02, Apr-Jun, pp. 207- 21039. Robert s, E. (1988), `What We`ve Learned : Managing Invent ion and Innovation` Research-Technology Management Vol. 31, No. 1, Jan/Feb, pp. 11-2940. Rogers, N. (1987), `CD-ROM Pub1 ishing`, Systems International, Vol. 14, No. 3, Mar, pp. 61-6241. Sanders, R. (1989) , `Continual Improvement: A Paradigm for Organizational Effectiveness`, Survey of Business, Vol. 25, Summer, pp. 12-2042.Stata, R. (1989), `Organizational Learning - The Key to Management Innovation`, Sloan Management Review, Vo!. 30, N03, Spring, pp. 63-7443.Stephen P. and Richard L. (1998) , `Sense & Respond in the Network Era`, Harvard Business School Capturing Value44. Tapscott , D. (1996), The dogital Economy, New York: McGraw-Hill45. Tompson , J. (1976) , `Organizations in Action` , New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Book Co.46. Tushman,M. (1978), `Technical Communication in R&D Laboratories:The Inpact of Project Work Charactreistics`, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 21, pp. 624-64447. Teece, D.& Armour, H. (1980), , Vertical Integration and Technological Innovation`, Review of Economics & Statistics, Vol. 62, No. 3, Aug, pp. 470-47448. Tushman, M. & Nadler, D. (1986), `Organizing for Innovation`, California Management Review, Vol. 28 No. 3, Spring, pp. 74-9249. Utterback , J. (1971) , `The Process of Technological Innovation within the Firm`, Academy of Management Journal , Vol. 12, pp. 75-8850. Vega-Redondo, F. (1996), `Technological change and market structure An evolutionary approach`, International Journal of Industrial Organization 1 Vo!. 14, No. 2, pp. 203-22651. Von Hipple ,E. (1988), `The Source of Innovation` ,New York :Oxford University Press52. Wally, S. (1994), `Personal and structural determinants of the pace of strategic decision making`, Academy of Management Journal, Vol37, No. 4, Aug, pp. 932-95653. Westwood, A. (988), `Fostering Creativity and Innovation in an Industrial R&D Laboratory`, Research-Technology Management, Vol. 31 No. 4, Jul/Aug , pp. 16-20 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
企業管理學系資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G91NCCV4442012 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 吳思華 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Wu, Se-Hwa en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林育德 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lin, Yu-De en_US dc.creator (作者) 林育德 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Lin, Yu-De en_US dc.date (日期) 1998 en_US dc.date.accessioned 10-May-2016 18:51:45 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 10-May-2016 18:51:45 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 10-May-2016 18:51:45 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G91NCCV4442012 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/96245 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 企業管理學系 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究著重於「知識」對「由集團設立」之「網站創新」的影響,針對網站創新的「類型」、「啟動者」、與「來源」作研究。本研究將集團之多角化類型分為:1、同業多角化與2、異業多角化,以集團之多角化類型來作為其知識多元程度之代表。另外將網站創新的類型分為:1、多角跳躍型2、專業漸進型;將網站創新的啟動者分為:1、高階2、低階;將網站創新的來源分為:1、原有組織內向整合2、外向學習。 zh_TW dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章研究諸論..........1第一節研究背景..........2第二節研究問題..........3第三節預期研究貢獻..........3第四節研究結構與內容..........3第二章文獻探討(一)-創新..........4第一節創新類型..........4第二節知識整合與創新啟動..........10第三節知識吸收能力與創新類型..........18第四節企業多角化與知識,創新..........25第三章文獻探討(二)-網際網路簡史與現況..........27第一節網際網路的發展歷史..........27第二節網際網路使用之現況..........32第三節網際網路的經營與特質..........38第四章研究方法..........64第一節研究架構與研究變項..........64第二節研究方法..........70第三節研究流程..........71第四節研究案之選擇..........72第五章個案分析..........75第一節元碁資訊網..........75第二節太平洋房屋仲介網..........104第三節中時電子報..........123第四節滾石音樂網..........133第五節奇摩站..........144第六節小結..........155第六章命題發展..........158第一節網站由所由設立集團特性與知識多元和網站創新類型..........158第二節集團多化類型、創新類型與創新來源..........164第三節網站創新類型與網站創新啟動者..........173第七章結論與建議..........179第一節結論..........179第二節建議..........180參考文獻..........184 zh_TW dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G91NCCV4442012 en_US dc.title (題名) 企業集團設立網站創新型態之研究 zh_TW dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文部份1. 毛穎崙(民84),「lnternet 在房屋仲介業之應用」,網路通訊雜誌。2. 杜勵(民86),「網路領航員與網路節點之關鍵成功因素」,國立政治大學企業管理研究所末出版碩士論文。3. 李幸宜(民86) ,「太平洋房屋資訊應用側重完整情報網的建立」,環球資訊,87 年3月16日。4. 余清水(民82),「創新理論及實例的探討」,國立清華大學工業工程研究所未出版碩士論文。5. 何全德(民87),「Internet」電子商務發展現況",http: //www.psd.iii.org. tw/inews/focus/ec_trend/ main.htm6. 季崗(民86),「網路化生存」,北京:中國城市出版社。7 林朝賢(民83),「資訊高速公路在企業經營顧客服務上之應用研究」,國立中山大學資訊管理研究所未出版碩士論文。8. 林震岩(民86),「台灣資訊管理個案集」,台北:華泰出版。9. 林麗君(民87)「美國新世代網際網路推動內函與影響」,http: //www.psd.iii. org. tw/inews/focus/ngi/ngi.htm10. 周冠中(民87),「我國Internet 應用現況調查」,http: //www.psd.iii.org. tw/inews/focus/user98/user98.htm11.於念鑒(民87),「遊戲網站一級戰區」,經濟日報,年2月4日。12 吳忠華(民85),「策略九說」,台北麥田出版社。13. 洪稚齡(民85) ,「房仲業流行網路行銷」,經濟日報, 6月16日。14. 洪稚齡(民85) ,「房仲業上網,資訊送到家」,經濟日報, 6月20日15 。15 . 連麗真、陳雪美合譯(民86),「電子交易」,台北:和碩科技文化出版。16. 黃建仁(民85),「企業網際網路服務提供者、經營策略之研究」,國立交通大學工業工程研究所未出版碩士論文。17. 許秀息(民83),「世界五大唱片公司攻台秘辛...本土業者何去從? 」,財訊, 8月。18. 張元琦(民85),「企業在網際網路上行銷活動之研究」,國立政治大學企業管理研究所未出版碩士論文。19 張情福(民84 年) ,「生存利基與範疇經濟之主動━以富邦金融集團相關多角化成長歷程為例」,國立政治大學企業管理研究所之碩士論文20. 彭玫瑜(民86),「宏基戲谷打造網路遊戲矽谷」,PC Home 電腦報,4月21日。2 l.彭玫瑜(民86),「AcerMal1 乘著空軍一號買氣上升」,PC Home 電腦報,4月21日。22. 彭玫瑜(民86),「AcerMall 將百貨業實戰經驗運用到網路商場」,PC Home 電腦報, 2月17日。23. 趙國仁(民85),「Internet 系統產品的產業競爭策略」,1996中華民國科技管理研討會。24. 楊子江、王美音合譯(民86), Nonaka,I 原著「創新求勝」,台北:遠流出版社。25. 賴偉廉(民87),「1998 年網際網路應用現況與展望」http: //www.psd.iii. org. tw/inews/focus /trend98/trend98. htm26. 謝慧珍(民85),「全球資訊網(WWW)。商業傳播策略之研究」,國立台灣大學商學研究所。英文部分l. Allen, T. J. (1977), `Managing the Flow of Technology` , Cambrige , MA:MIT Press2. Booz, C,Allen,A & Hamilton,A(1982),New Products for the 1980s,New York Book Express3. Bennett, A. (1986), `The Innovative Supervisor` Health Care Supervisor, Vol. 4, No. 2 , Jan pp. 1-124. Bower, G. & Hilgard, A. (1981), `Theories of Learning` ,NJ:Prentice-Hall 5. Comor, E. (1997), `The international implications of the United States Telecommunications Act`, Journal of Economic Issues, Vol. 31, No. 2, Jun, pp. 549-5566. Cohen ,W. & Levinthal, D. (1990), `Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation, ` Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.35, pp. 128-1527.Cronin, B. (1994), `The Internet and competitive intelligence A survey of current practice`, International Journal of Information ,Management , Vol. 14, No. 3, Jun, pp. 204-2228. Damanpour, F. (1991), `Organizational Innovation: A Meta-Analysis of Effects of Determinants and Moderators`, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 34, No. 3, Sep, pp. 555-5909. David, P. and Rothwell,G.(1996), `Standardization, diversity and learning: Strategies for the coevolution of technology and industrial capacity`, International Journal of Industrial Organization, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 181-20110. Demsetz, R. (1993), ` Voting behavior in union representation elections: The influence of ski 11 homogeneity and ski 11 group size`, Industrial & Labor Relations Review, Vol. 47, No.!, Oct, pp. 99-11311. Dougherty,D. (1992), `A Practice-Centered Model of Organizational Renewal \\Through Product Innovation`, Strategic Management Journal, Vol.3(Special Issue), Summer, pp. 77-9212. Ell is, H. ,`The Transger of Learning` , New York: MacMillan 13. Farrell, J. (1985), ` Standardization, Compatibility, and Innovation`, Rand Journal of Economics, Vol. 16, No. 1, Spring ,pp. 70-8314. Fiol, C. (995), `Thought worlds colliding : The role of contradiction incorporate innovation processes Entrepreneurship` , Theory & Practice`, Vo19, No. 3, Spring ,pp. 71-9015. Fleck, J. (994), `Learning by Trying :The Implementation of Configurational Technology`, Research Policy, Vol. 23, pp. 637-65216. Goldhar, 1. (986), ` In the Factory of the Future, Innovation Is Productivity`, Research Management, Vol. 29, No. 2, Mar-Apr, pp. 26-3317. Grossman, S. (1990) ,`Eagles, Otters & Unicorns: Three Species of Innovation` Industry Week, Vol. 239, No. 5, Mar 5, pp. 30-3218. Goldhar, 1. (1986), `In the Factory of the Future, Innovation Is Productivity` Research Management, Vol. 29, No2, Mar/Apr pp. 26-3319. Grant, R. (1996), `Toward a Knowledge-Based Theory of the Firm`, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 17, IV inter Special Issue, pp. 109-122.20. Grant, R. (1996), `Prospering in Dynamically-competitive Environments: Organizational Capability as Knowledge Integration`, Organization Science, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 375-385.21. Hayashi, K. (1993) , (Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?`, Information Economics & Policy, Vol. 5, No4, Dec, pp. 295-30922. Hartman, E. (1994), `Information sources and their relationship to organizational innovation in small businesses`, Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 32, No.1, Jan, pp. 36-4723. Henderson , R.& Clark,K. , (1990), `Architectural Innovation: The econfiguration of Existing Product Technologies and the Failure of Established Firms`, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 35, No!, Mar, pp. 9-3024. Hoffman, D. and Novak, T. (1995), `Marketing in Hypermedia ComputerMediatedEnvironments: Conceptual Foundations` http://www2000, ogsm. vanderbilt25. Holt, K. (1988), `The Role of the User in Product Innovation`, Technovation, Vol. 7, No. 3, Jul, pp. 249-25826.Janal, D.(996), `Market your firm over the Internet`, Accounting Technology, Vo 1. 12, No. 5, J un ,pp. 53-5627. Kogut ,B.& Zander U. (993), `Knowledge of the Firm Combinative Capabilities and the Replication of Technology,` Organization Science, Vol. 3 , No. 3, August, pp. 383-39728. Katz, M. and Sharpiro, C. (994), `System Competition and Network Effects` Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 8, No. 2, Spring, pp. 93-115.29. Katz, M. and Shaprpiro, C. (1992), ` Product Introduction with Network Externalities`, Journal of Industrial Economics, Vol. 40, No1, Mar, pp. 55-8330. Katz, M. and Sharpiro, C. (985), `Network External i ties, Competition, and Compatibi1ity` The American Economic Review, Vol. 75, No. 3, June, pp. 424-440.31. Kamann, D. & Dirk, D. (992), `The Network Approach: Concepts and Applications In the Innovation Networks: Spatial Perspectives`, Edi ted by Roberto Camagni, Belhaven Press, London and New York32. Leonard-Barton, D. (995), `Wellsprings of Knowledge`, Harvard Business School Press, Masachusetts.33. Mansfield ,E. (1968), `Economics of Technological Change`, New York :Norton34. March , J.& Simon , H. (1958), Organizations , New York: Wiley35. Mansell, R. (1993), `Tariffs: Who should pay for the telecommunicationnetwork?`, Telecommunications (International Edition), Vol. 27, No. 2, Feb ,pp. 19-2436. Milliken, F. (1987), `Three Types of Perceived Uncertainty About the Environment : State, Effect, and Response Uncertainty`, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 12, No. 1, Jan, pp. 133-14337. Nonaka, 1. (1990), `Redundant, Over lapping Organization : A Japanese Approach to Managing the Innovation Process`, California Management Review, Vo132, N03, Spring, pp. 27-3838. Rafaeli, S. (1996), `Who Owns Information? From Privacy to Pub1ic Access`, Information Society, Vol. 12, N02, Apr-Jun, pp. 207- 21039. Robert s, E. (1988), `What We`ve Learned : Managing Invent ion and Innovation` Research-Technology Management Vol. 31, No. 1, Jan/Feb, pp. 11-2940. Rogers, N. (1987), `CD-ROM Pub1 ishing`, Systems International, Vol. 14, No. 3, Mar, pp. 61-6241. Sanders, R. (1989) , `Continual Improvement: A Paradigm for Organizational Effectiveness`, Survey of Business, Vol. 25, Summer, pp. 12-2042.Stata, R. (1989), `Organizational Learning - The Key to Management Innovation`, Sloan Management Review, Vo!. 30, N03, Spring, pp. 63-7443.Stephen P. and Richard L. (1998) , `Sense & Respond in the Network Era`, Harvard Business School Capturing Value44. Tapscott , D. (1996), The dogital Economy, New York: McGraw-Hill45. Tompson , J. (1976) , `Organizations in Action` , New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Book Co.46. Tushman,M. (1978), `Technical Communication in R&D Laboratories:The Inpact of Project Work Charactreistics`, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 21, pp. 624-64447. Teece, D.& Armour, H. (1980), , Vertical Integration and Technological Innovation`, Review of Economics & Statistics, Vol. 62, No. 3, Aug, pp. 470-47448. Tushman, M. & Nadler, D. (1986), `Organizing for Innovation`, California Management Review, Vol. 28 No. 3, Spring, pp. 74-9249. Utterback , J. (1971) , `The Process of Technological Innovation within the Firm`, Academy of Management Journal , Vol. 12, pp. 75-8850. Vega-Redondo, F. (1996), `Technological change and market structure An evolutionary approach`, International Journal of Industrial Organization 1 Vo!. 14, No. 2, pp. 203-22651. Von Hipple ,E. (1988), `The Source of Innovation` ,New York :Oxford University Press52. Wally, S. (1994), `Personal and structural determinants of the pace of strategic decision making`, Academy of Management Journal, Vol37, No. 4, Aug, pp. 932-95653. Westwood, A. (988), `Fostering Creativity and Innovation in an Industrial R&D Laboratory`, Research-Technology Management, Vol. 31 No. 4, Jul/Aug , pp. 16-20 zh_TW