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題名 蒯因「經驗論的兩個教條」評述
作者 張文城
Chang, Wen-Cheng
貢獻者 方萬金
張文城
Chang, Wen-Cheng
日期 1998
上傳時間 10-May-2016 19:00:08 (UTC+8)
摘要 本文分成四章，第一章緒論，概述蒯因之方法論−自然主義-行為主義的語言觀，此一研究進路貫穿蒯因哲學研究之各階段，亦是蒯因各哲學論題發展之基本方法。第二章進入蒯因TDE一文之敘述與探討。第三章以克瑞斯（Richard Creath）EDHD一文所論，引介克瑞斯以知識論角度看到蒯因與卡普納之於｢兩個教條｣相關問題上的辯論。第四章就｢分析性｣與還原論兩個論題為主，揀別並評價各家之於蒯因TDE一文的看法。
     本文之結論以為應採葛萊士和史陶生至克瑞絲等人將卡納普｢分析性｣視為一技術性的（technical）、約定性的（conventional）概念，在卡普納的知識論體系中予以公允的看待；至於還原論之棄楊、整體論論題之提出卻為蒯因之哲學研究開闢了可觀的發展可能、乃TDE一文真正成功之處。
參考文獻 英文部分:
     Aune, B. "Quine on Translation and Reference." Philosophical Studies 27 (1975): 221-36
     Ayer, A. Language, Truth and Logic. 2d ed., paperback. London: Victor Golancez, 1946.
     Beatty, H. "Behaviourism, Mentalism, and Quine`s Indertenminacy Thesis." Philosophical Studies 26 (1974): 97-110
     Beri, P., R. Horstmann, and L. Kruger, eds. Transcendental Arguments and Science.
     Dordeecht, Holland: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1979.
     Booth, M., ed. What I Believe. London: Wterston, 1984.
     Carnap, R. Reading notes on Quine`s "Truth vy Convention" (MS #: RC 102-61-06), Rudolf Carnap Collection, Special Collections Department, University of Pittsburgh
     Libraries.
     ___. The Logical Syntax of Language. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. (1937).
     ___. lvieaning and Necessity: A Study in Semantics and Modal Logic. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Enlarged edition, 1956. (1947).
     Creath, R. "The Initial Reception of Camap`s Doctrine of Analyticity." Nouse 21(1987): 477-499.
     ___. "Every Dogma Has Its Day," Erkenntnis 35(1991): 347-389.
     Carroll, Lewis. "What the Tortoise Said to Achilles." Mind 14 (1895): 278-80.
     Chomsky, N. "Quine`s Empirical Assumptions." In Words and Objections: Essays on the Worl of W. V. Quine, edited by D. Davidson and J. Hintikka, 53-68. Dordrecht, Holland: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1969.
     ___. Reflections on Language. New York: Panthen Books, Random House, 1975.
     ___ . Rules and Representations. New York: Columbia University Press, 1980.
     Davidson, D. "The Inscrutability of Reference." In truth and Interpretation, 227-41. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984a.
     ___ . "On the Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme." In Truth and Interpretation, 183-98. Oxford: Oxgord University Press, 1984b.
     ___ . and J. Hintikka, eds. Word and Objections: Essays on the work of W V Quine.
     Dordrecht, Holland: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1969.
     Descartes, R. The Philosophical Works of Descartes. Translated by Elizabeth S. Haldane and G. R. T. Ross. 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1911. Reprints. 1973 (vol. 1), 1970 (vol. 2).
     Field, H. “Quine and the Correspondence Theory.” The Philosophical Review 83 (1974): 200-228
     Elanagan, O. “Quinean Ethics.” Ethics 93 (1982): 56-74. .
     Friedman, M. “Physicalism and the Indeterminacy of Translation.” Nous 9 (1975): 353-74.
     FillesdaJ, D. “ Indeterminacy of Tranlation and Under-Determination of the Theory of Nature.” Dialectica 21 (1973): 289-301.
     Foster, L.., and J. Swanson, eds. Experience and Theory. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1970.
     Gibson, R. “Are There Really Two Quines?” Erkenntnis 15 (1980): 349-70. .
     ___ . “Flanagan on Quinean Ethics.” Ethics (forthcoming a).
     ___ . “A New Perspective on Quine.” Journal of Thught 18 (1983): 73-84.
     ___ . The hilosophy of W V Quine: An Expository Essay. Tampa: University of South Florida Press, 1982. Paperback reprint, 1986.
     ___ . “Quine on Naturalism and Epistemology.” Erkenntnis 27 (1987): 57-78.
     ___ . “Quine’s Delimma.” Synthese 69 (1986a): 27-39. ~.
     ___ . “Stroud on Naturalized Epistemology.” Meta-philosophy (forthcoming b).
     ___ . “Translation, Physics, and Facts of the Matter.” In the Philosophy of W. V. Quine, edited by L. Hahn and P. Schilpp, 139-54. La Salle, Ill.: Open Court, 1986b.
     Grice, H., and P. Strawson. “ In Defense of a Dogma.” Philosophical Review 65, no. 2 (1956): 141-58.
     Grunbaum, A. “The Falsifiability of Theories: Total or Partial? A Contemporary EvaluationI of the Duhem-Quine Thesis.” Synthese 14 (1962): 17-23.
     Guttenplan, S., ed. Mind and Language. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975.
     Hahn, L., and P. Schilpp, eds. The Philosophy of W. V. Quine. La Salle, Ill.: Open Court, l 1986.
     Harding, S., ed. Can Theories Be Refuted? Essays on the Duhem-Quine Thesis. Dordrecht,” Holland: Reidel Publishing Company, 1976.
     Harman, G. “Quine on Meaning and Existence, I.” Review of Metaphysics 21 (1967): 124-51.
     Kripke, S. Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982.
     Leeds, S. “How To Thing About Reference.” Journal of Philosophy 15 (1973): 485-503.
     Levin, M “Length Relativity.” Journal of Philosophy 68 (1971): 164-74.
     ___ . “Relativity, Spatial and Ontological.” Nous 9 (197S): 243-67.
     Martin, R. M. “On ‘Analytic’.” Phiosophical Studies 3(3): 42-47.
     Mill, J. A System of Logic. New York, 1867.
     Mulvaney, R., and P. Zeltner, eds. Pragmatism: lts Sources and Prospects. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1981.
     Newton-Smith, W. The Rationality of Science. Paperback. Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981.
     Priest, G. “Two Dogmas of Quineanism.” Philosophical Quarterly 29 (1979): 289-301.
     Putnam, H. “The Analytic and the Synthetic.” In Mind, Language and Reality, 33-69.
     Cambrige: Cambridge University Press, 1975a.
     ___ . “The Refutation of Conventionalism.” In Mind, Language and Reality, 151-91.
     Cambrige: Cambridge University Press, 1975b.
     ___ . “Why Reason Can’t Be Naturalized.” Synthese 52 (1982): 3-23.
     Quine, W. V. , “Carnap and Logical Truth”, Synthese 12, (1960): 350-74. Reprinted 1966, 100-25 (to whichpage references apply).
     ___ . “Empirical Content.” In Theories and Things, 24-30. Cambridge: Harvard University Press,1981. , ..
     ___ . “Comment onfMichael Dummeti”, Synthese 27, (1974): 399.
     ___ . “ Empirical Content.” In Theories and Things, 24-30. Cambridge: Harvard University Presso (1981)
     ___ . “ Epistemology Naturalized.” In Ontological Relativity and Other Essays, 69-90. New York: Columbia University Press, (1969).
     ___ . “ Facts of the Matter.” In American Philosophy from Edwards to Quine, edited by R. Shahan, 176-96. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, (1977).
     ___ . “ Rive Milestones of Empiricism.” In Theories and Things, 67-72. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, (1981).
     ___ . From a Logical Point of View 2d ed. rev., paperback. Cambridge: Harvard University Press (1980).
     ___ . “Letter to Professor Grunbaum” In Can theories Be Refuted? Essays on the Duhem-Quine Thesis, edited by S. Harding, 132. Dordrecht, Holland: Reidel Publishing Company, (1976).
     ___ . “ Natural Kinds.” In ontological Relativity and Other Essays, 114-38. New York: ‘ Columbia University Press, (1969). ‘.
     ___ . “The Nature of Natural Knowledge.” In Mind and Language, edited bv S. Guttennplan 67-81. Oxford: Clarendon Press, (1975).
     ___ . “On Camap’s Views on Ontology”, Philosophical Studies 2, (1951): 65-72. Reprinted (1966),126-34 (to which page references apply).
     ___ . “On Empirically Equivalent Systems of the World.” Erkenntnis 9, (1975): 313-28.
     ___ . “On the Nature of Moral Values.” In Theories and Things, 55-66. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, (1981).
     ___ . “On the Very Idea of a Third Dogma.” In Theories and Things, 38-42. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, (1981).
     ___ . “Ontological Relativity.” In Ontological Relativity and Other Essays, 2668. New York: Columbia University Press, (1969).
     ___ . Ontological Relativity and Other Essays. New York: Columbia University Press, (1969).
     ___ . “On What There is.” In From a Logical Point of View, 1-190 2d ed. rev., paperback Cambridge: Harvard University Presso (1980).
     ___ . “In Praise of Observation Sentences”, Journal Philosophy, (1933).
     ___ . “Reference and Modality.” In From an Logical Point of View. 139-59, 2d ed. Rev., paperback. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, (1980).
     ___ . “ Reply to Roger F. Gibson, Jr.” In The Philosophy of W. V. Quine, edited by L. Hahn and P. Schilpp, 155-57. La Sal1e, Ill.: Open Court, (1986).
     ___ . “ Reply to Smart.” In Words and Objections: Essays on the Work of W. V. Quine, edited by D Davidson and J. Hintikka, 292-94. Dordrecht, Holland: D. Reidel Publishing Company, (1969).
     ___ . “Responses.” In Theories and Things, 173-86. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, f (1981).
     ___ . The Roots of Reference. La Salle, Ill.: Open Court. (1974).
     ___ . Theories and Things. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, (1981).
     ___ . “Things and Their Place in Theories.” In Theories and Things, 1-23. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, (1981).
     ___ . “Truth by Convention.” In The Ways of Paradox and Other Essays, 77-106. Rev. and enlarged, paperback. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, (1979). ,
     ___ . “ Two Dogmas of Empiricism.” In From a Logical Point of View, 20-46. 2d ed. Rev .. paperback, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, (1980).
     ___ . “Two Dogmas in Retrospect.” Canadian Journal of Philosophy 21(3): 265-274.
     ___ . “ Use and Its Place in Meaning.” In Theories and Things, 43-54. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, (1981).
     ___ . The Ways of Paradox and Other Essays. 3d printing, rev. and enlarged, paperback. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, (1979).
     ___ . Word and Object. 5th reprint, paperback. Cambridge: M. I. T. Press, (1970).
     ___ . And J. S. Ullian. The Wed of Belief 2d ed., paperback. New York: Random House, (1978).
     Romanos, George D., Quine and Analytic Philosophy, Cambridge Mass. And London: MlT, (1983).
     Read, Stephen “ Quine’s Private Language.” Ratio xxv, 1 (1983): 49-57.
     Rorty, R. “Indeterminacy of Translation and of Truth.” Synthese 23, (1972): 443-62.
     ___ . Philosophy and the Mirror ofNature. Reprint with corrections, paperback. Princeton, N. 1. Princeton University Press, (1979).
     ___ . Wang, H. Beyond Analytic Philosophy: Doing Justice to What We Know. Cambridge,. Mass.: The MIT Press, (1986).
     ___ . Woods, J. “Critical Notice on Lewis E. Hahn and Paul A. Schilpp, eds., The Philosophy of W V Quine.” Canadian Journal of Philosophy 19( 4): 617-660.
     中文部分:
     林正弘, {伽利略﹒波柏﹒科學說明} ,東大圖書公司出版, (1988)。
     洪謙, {邏輯經驗主義論文集} ,遠流出版公司, (1990)。
     陳文秀, <蒯因的(兩個教條)評析> ‘ {第四屆美國文學與思想研討會論文選集: 哲學篇} ,何志青﹒洪裕宏主編, (1995)。
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
哲學系
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G91NCCU6232012
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 方萬金zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 張文城zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chang, Wen-Chengen_US
dc.creator (作者) 張文城zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chang, Wen-Chengen_US
dc.date (日期) 1998en_US
dc.date.accessioned 10-May-2016 19:00:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 10-May-2016 19:00:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 10-May-2016 19:00:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G91NCCU6232012en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/96361-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 哲學系zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本文分成四章，第一章緒論，概述蒯因之方法論−自然主義-行為主義的語言觀，此一研究進路貫穿蒯因哲學研究之各階段，亦是蒯因各哲學論題發展之基本方法。第二章進入蒯因TDE一文之敘述與探討。第三章以克瑞斯（Richard Creath）EDHD一文所論，引介克瑞斯以知識論角度看到蒯因與卡普納之於｢兩個教條｣相關問題上的辯論。第四章就｢分析性｣與還原論兩個論題為主，揀別並評價各家之於蒯因TDE一文的看法。
     本文之結論以為應採葛萊士和史陶生至克瑞絲等人將卡納普｢分析性｣視為一技術性的（technical）、約定性的（conventional）概念，在卡普納的知識論體系中予以公允的看待；至於還原論之棄楊、整體論論題之提出卻為蒯因之哲學研究開闢了可觀的發展可能、乃TDE一文真正成功之處。		zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 前言..........1
     第一章緒論..........3
     第一節蒯因方法論的背景..........3
     第二節從蒯因的方法論看所謂的「教條」（dogmas）..........4
     第二章何謂經驗主義的兩個教條..........7
     第一節經驗主義的兩個教條..........7
     第二節破除第一個教條的論證..........8
     §1何謂分析語句？..........8
     §2第二類的分析語句是否必然為真？..........8
     §3蒯因論證嚴格的「同義性」不能成立，實際上並不存存，亦即，它不能用來支持「分析性」，不能使得分析語句轉換為邏輯真句。..........9
     §4放棄利用「同義性」來證成「分析性」，直接就「分析性」來看這個概念可否成立。..........12
     第三節破除第二個教修的論證..........14
     §1極端還原論（TDE，38）..........15
     §2極端還原論的進展──感官經驗的翻譯對象修正為語句（TDE，38-40）
     §3溫和還原論..........16
     第四節沒有教條的經驗論：整體論的提出..........17
     §5.1圖象式的比喻..........18
     §5.2知識整體不為經驗所限定..........18
     §5.3保守性（conservatism）..........18
     §5.4工具論的科學哲學..........19
     §5.5整體論與簡單性（TDE，44-45）..........19
     §5.6卡納普的實用主義不夠徹底..........19
     第五節本章小結..........2
     §6.1整體論和不可限定論..........20
     §6.2實用主義，保守主義.簡單性..........20
     第三章回應與激盪..........23
     第一節克瑞斯（Creath）的調和論調..........23
     第二節克瑞斯提出的三個論題..........23
     第三節克瑞斯就其論證之目的對TDE的闡述..........24
     §1卡納普的知識論觀點..........24
     §2TDE第一部分的歸納性論證（TDE之1-3節）..........26
     §3TDE的第二部分（TDE第四節語意規則）..........29
     §4克瑞斯就有關「分析性」問題討論的總結..........41
     §5TDE的第三部分（TDE第五節檢證理論和還原論）..........43
     §6克瑞斯論「沒有教條的經驗論」（TDE第六節）..........45
     第四章討論──以「分析性」及「整體論」兩個問題的爭論為核心..........61
     第一節方法論、知識論和分析性概念..........61
     §1從方法論看蒯因和卡納普知識型態的不同..........61
     §2從蒯因和卡納普知識論型態的不同看兩人對於「分析性」概念的爭議..........63
     第二節關於「分析性」..........64
     §1同一段引文，不同的看法..........64
     §2克瑞斯的看法..........69
     §3吉伯森和克瑞斯對IDD看法的比較..........70
     第三節真與分析性，蒯因有無厚此薄彼之嫌..........71
     §1在蒯因的知識論體系中，分析性並沒有特殊的重要性..........71
     §2在蒯因自然化的知識論，「真」據有一樞紐的地位..........73
     第四節關於整體論..........75
     §1整體論是溫和的還是極端的？..........75
     §2整體論論題是規範的還是描述的？..........76
     §3分析性和整體論果真相悖嗎？..........77
     結論..........79
     參考書目..........81		zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G91NCCU6232012en_US
dc.title (題名) 蒯因「經驗論的兩個教條」評述zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 英文部分:
     Aune, B. "Quine on Translation and Reference." Philosophical Studies 27 (1975): 221-36
     Ayer, A. Language, Truth and Logic. 2d ed., paperback. London: Victor Golancez, 1946.
     Beatty, H. "Behaviourism, Mentalism, and Quine`s Indertenminacy Thesis." Philosophical Studies 26 (1974): 97-110
     Beri, P., R. Horstmann, and L. Kruger, eds. Transcendental Arguments and Science.
     Dordeecht, Holland: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1979.
     Booth, M., ed. What I Believe. London: Wterston, 1984.
     Carnap, R. Reading notes on Quine`s "Truth vy Convention" (MS #: RC 102-61-06), Rudolf Carnap Collection, Special Collections Department, University of Pittsburgh
     Libraries.
     ___. The Logical Syntax of Language. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. (1937).
     ___. lvieaning and Necessity: A Study in Semantics and Modal Logic. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Enlarged edition, 1956. (1947).
     Creath, R. "The Initial Reception of Camap`s Doctrine of Analyticity." Nouse 21(1987): 477-499.
     ___. "Every Dogma Has Its Day," Erkenntnis 35(1991): 347-389.
     Carroll, Lewis. "What the Tortoise Said to Achilles." Mind 14 (1895): 278-80.
     Chomsky, N. "Quine`s Empirical Assumptions." In Words and Objections: Essays on the Worl of W. V. Quine, edited by D. Davidson and J. Hintikka, 53-68. Dordrecht, Holland: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1969.
     ___. Reflections on Language. New York: Panthen Books, Random House, 1975.
     ___ . Rules and Representations. New York: Columbia University Press, 1980.
     Davidson, D. "The Inscrutability of Reference." In truth and Interpretation, 227-41. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984a.
     ___ . "On the Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme." In Truth and Interpretation, 183-98. Oxford: Oxgord University Press, 1984b.
     ___ . and J. Hintikka, eds. Word and Objections: Essays on the work of W V Quine.
     Dordrecht, Holland: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1969.
     Descartes, R. The Philosophical Works of Descartes. Translated by Elizabeth S. Haldane and G. R. T. Ross. 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1911. Reprints. 1973 (vol. 1), 1970 (vol. 2).
     Field, H. “Quine and the Correspondence Theory.” The Philosophical Review 83 (1974): 200-228
     Elanagan, O. “Quinean Ethics.” Ethics 93 (1982): 56-74. .
     Friedman, M. “Physicalism and the Indeterminacy of Translation.” Nous 9 (1975): 353-74.
     FillesdaJ, D. “ Indeterminacy of Tranlation and Under-Determination of the Theory of Nature.” Dialectica 21 (1973): 289-301.
     Foster, L.., and J. Swanson, eds. Experience and Theory. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1970.
     Gibson, R. “Are There Really Two Quines?” Erkenntnis 15 (1980): 349-70. .
     ___ . “Flanagan on Quinean Ethics.” Ethics (forthcoming a).
     ___ . “A New Perspective on Quine.” Journal of Thught 18 (1983): 73-84.
     ___ . The hilosophy of W V Quine: An Expository Essay. Tampa: University of South Florida Press, 1982. Paperback reprint, 1986.
     ___ . “Quine on Naturalism and Epistemology.” Erkenntnis 27 (1987): 57-78.
     ___ . “Quine’s Delimma.” Synthese 69 (1986a): 27-39. ~.
     ___ . “Stroud on Naturalized Epistemology.” Meta-philosophy (forthcoming b).
     ___ . “Translation, Physics, and Facts of the Matter.” In the Philosophy of W. V. Quine, edited by L. Hahn and P. Schilpp, 139-54. La Salle, Ill.: Open Court, 1986b.
     Grice, H., and P. Strawson. “ In Defense of a Dogma.” Philosophical Review 65, no. 2 (1956): 141-58.
     Grunbaum, A. “The Falsifiability of Theories: Total or Partial? A Contemporary EvaluationI of the Duhem-Quine Thesis.” Synthese 14 (1962): 17-23.
     Guttenplan, S., ed. Mind and Language. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975.
     Hahn, L., and P. Schilpp, eds. The Philosophy of W. V. Quine. La Salle, Ill.: Open Court, l 1986.
     Harding, S., ed. Can Theories Be Refuted? Essays on the Duhem-Quine Thesis. Dordrecht,” Holland: Reidel Publishing Company, 1976.
     Harman, G. “Quine on Meaning and Existence, I.” Review of Metaphysics 21 (1967): 124-51.
     Kripke, S. Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982.
     Leeds, S. “How To Thing About Reference.” Journal of Philosophy 15 (1973): 485-503.
     Levin, M “Length Relativity.” Journal of Philosophy 68 (1971): 164-74.
     ___ . “Relativity, Spatial and Ontological.” Nous 9 (197S): 243-67.
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     中文部分:
     林正弘, {伽利略﹒波柏﹒科學說明} ,東大圖書公司出版, (1988)。
     洪謙, {邏輯經驗主義論文集} ,遠流出版公司, (1990)。
     陳文秀, <蒯因的(兩個教條)評析> ‘ {第四屆美國文學與思想研討會論文選集: 哲學篇} ,何志青﹒洪裕宏主編, (1995)。		zh_TW