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題名 巴基斯坦和葉門的無人機：在美國反恐戰爭中是有效或是破壞穩定的戰術？
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Pakistan and Yemen: Effective or Destabilizing Tactic in the U.S. War on Terrorism?
作者 善學
Shattuck, Thomas
貢獻者 張文揚
Chang, Wen Yang
善學
Shattuck,Thomas
關鍵詞 無人戰機
無人機
反恐
巴基斯坦
葉門
unmanned aerial vehicles
drones
counterterrorism
Pakistan
Yemen
日期 2016
上傳時間 1-Jul-2016 16:08:31 (UTC+8)
摘要 美國只好在巴基斯坦和葉門使用無人機,做為打擊基地組織及其分支機構的武器。這本研究評估四個美國的反恐目標，是否在這些國家使用無人機攻擊基地組織。這四個目標是（1）破壞，降解，搗毀和擊敗基地組織及其附屬機構; （2）消除安全避難所; （3）建立持久反恐的夥伴關係，和能力; （4）對抗基地組織的意識形態和共振，減少暴力，基地組織攻擊的特定的驅動程序。無人機攻擊葉門和巴基斯坦,當他們不實現任何的這些目標時,以及在某些情況下,反對他們的工作時。無人機攻擊無法有效在定位和消除正確的目標，增加反美情緒和復仇的慾望，在與基地組織戰鬥中葉門和巴基斯的政府表現出無能，並為基地組織有迴盪消息，宣傳利用。美國必須改革使用無人駕駛飛機，才能真正消滅基地組織構成的嚴重威脅，衛護其國家安全和海外利益。
The American use of unmanned aerial vehicles in Pakistan and Yemen has become the sole mechanism to combat al Qaeda and its affiliates. This study evaluates four U.S. counterterrorism goals to determine whether or not drone strikes in these countries can defeat al Qaeda. The four goals are (1) disrupt, degrade, dismantle, and defeat al Qaeda and its affiliates; (2) eliminate safe havens; (3) build enduring counterterrorism partnerships and capabilities; and (4) counter al Qaeda ideology and its resonance and diminish the specific drivers of violence that al Qaeda exploits. Drones strikes in Yemen and Pakistan do not achieve any of these goals, and in some cases, work against them. They are not effective at eliminating the proper targets, increase anti-American sentiments and the desire for revenge, demonstrate Yemen’s and Pakistan’s incompetence at fighting al Qaeda, and provide al Qaeda with a reverberating message to exploit with propaganda. The U.S. must reform its use of drones in order to truly eliminate al Qaeda as a serious threat to its national security and interests abroad.
參考文獻 2007. “Taliban all over,” The Economist, (April 12), http://www.economist.com/node/9008911.

2010. “Air strike kills Yemen mediator,” Reuters-Thompson, (May 26),
http://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-idUSLDE64O0DF20100526.

2013. “Online Data Analysis,” Arab Barometer, http://www.arabbarometer.org/content/online-
data-analysis.

2013. “Drop the pilot,” The Economist, (October 9),
http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21588142-surprising-number-pakistanis-are-favour-drone-strikes-drop-pilot.

2013. “U.S. Policy Standards and Procedures for the Use of Force in Counterterrorism
Operations Outside the United States and Areas of Active Hostilities,” The United States Government, (May 23), https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/2013.05.23_fact_sheet_on_ppg.pdf.

2015. “World Bank Suspends Operations in Yemen,” The World Bank, (March 11),
http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2015/03/11/world-bank-suspends-operations-in-yemen.

2016. “Lahore attack: Pakistan PM Sharif demands swift action on terror,” BBC, (March 28),
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-35910124.

Ackerman, Spencer. 2014. “41 men targeted but 1,147 people killed: US drone strikes – the facts
on the ground,” The Guardian, (November 24), http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2014/nov/24/-sp-us-drone-strikes-kill-1147.

Ahmad, Mahmood. 2014. “The United States Use of Drones in Pakistan: A Politico-Strategic
Analysis,” Asian Affairs: An American Review, vol. 41, no. 1: 21-29.

Al-Dawsari, Nadwa. 2012. “Tribal Governance and Stability in Yemen,” Carnegie Endowment
for International Peace, (April), http://carnegieendowment.org/2012/04/24/tribal-governance-and-stability-in-yemen.

Alexander, David. 2013. “Retired general cautions against overuse of ‘hated’ drones,” Reuters-
Thompson, (January 7), http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-afghanistan-mcchrystal-idUSBRE90608O20130107.

Al-Muslimi, Farea. 2013. “In Senate Testimony, Yemeni Activist Describes Human Costs of
Targeted Killing Program,” American Civil Liberties Union, (April 24), https://www.aclu.org/blog/senate-testimony-yemeni-activist-describes-human-costs-targeted-killing-program.
Amnesty International. 2012. “United States of America: ‘Targeting Killing’ Policies Violate the
Right to Life,” London: Amnesty International Publications: 1-17.

Amnesty International. 2013. “Will I Be Next? US Drone Strikes in Pakistan,” London: Amnesty
International Publications: 5-74.

Aslam, M.W. 2011. “A Critical Evaluation of American Predator Strikes in Pakistan: Legality,
Legitimacy, and Prudence,” Critical Studies on Terrorism, vol. 4, no. 3 (December): 1-19.

Benson, Pam. 2012. “Bin Laden documents: fear of drones,” CNN.com, (May 3),
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Bergen, Peter. 2011. The Longest War: The Enduring Conflict between America and al-Qaeda.
New York: Free Press.

Bergen, Peter and Katherine Tiedemann. 2010. “The Year of the Drone: An Analysis of U.S.
Drone Strikes in Pakistan, 2004-2010,” New America Foundation (February 24): 1-9.

Bergen, Peter and Katherine Tiedemann. 2011. “Washington’s Phantom War: The Effects of the
U.S. Drone Program in Pakistan,” Foreign Affairs (July/August),
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/pakistan/2011-07-01/washingtons-phantom-war.

Bergen, Peter, and Jennifer Rowland. 2012. “Obama ramps up covert war in Yemen,” CNN.com,
(June 12), http://www.cnn.com/2012/06/11/opinion/bergen-yemen-drone-war/.

Bergen, Peter and Jennifer Rowland. 2014. “Al Qaeda controls more territory than ever in
Middle East,” CNN.com, (January 8), http://edition.cnn.com/2014/01/07/opinion/bergen-al-qaeda-terrority-gains/.

Blank, Laurie R. 2012. “After ‘Top Gun’: How Drone Strikes Impact the Law of War,”
University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law, vol. 33, no. 3: 675-715.

Boyle, Michael J. 2013. “The Costs and Consequences of Drone Warfare,” International Affairs,
vol. 89 no. 1: 1-29.

Brave New Films. 2015. Unmanned: America’s Drone Wars.

Bryant, Brandon, et al. 2015. “Letter to President Barak Obama,”
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The Bureau of Investigative Journalism. 2015a. “CIA drone strikes in Pakistan, 2004 to present,”
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The Bureau of Investigative Journalism. 2015b. “US strikes in Yemen, 2002 to present,”
https://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/category/projects/drones/drones-graphs/.

Byman, Daniel L. 2013. “Why Drones Work: The Case for Washington’s Weapon of Choice,”
Brookings (July/August), http://www.brookings.edu/research/articles/2013/06/17-drones-
obama-weapon-choice-us-counterterrorism-byman.

Central Intelligence Agency. 2009. “Director’s Remarks at the Pacific Council on International
Policy,” (May 18), https://www.cia.gov/news-information/speeches-testimony/directors-remarks-at-pacific-council.html.

CFR.org Staff. 2015. “Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP),” Council on Foreign
Relations, (June 19), http://www.cfr.org/yemen/al-qaeda-arabian-peninsula-aqap/p9369.

Cordesman, Anthony H. 2006. “Winning the ‘War on Terrorism:’ The Need for a Fundamentally
Different Strategy,” Center for Strategic and International Studies (September 18): 1-9.

Council on Foreign Relations. 2013. “Reforming U.S. Drone Strike Policies,” Council Special
Report No. 65, (January): 3-40.

Cronin, Audrey Kurth. 2006. “How al-Qaida Ends: The Decline and Demise of Terrorist Groups,”
International Security, vol. 31, no. 1 (Summer): 7-48.

Cronin, Audrey Kurth. 2009. How Terrorism Ends: Understanding the Decline and Demise of
Terrorist Campaigns. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press.

Cronin, Audrey Kurth. 2012. “U.S. Grand Strategy and Counterterrorism,” Orbis (Spring): 1-23.

Cronin, Audrey Kurth. 2013. “Why Drones Fail: When Tactics Drive Strategy,” Foreign Affairs,
(July/August), https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/somalia/2013-06-11/why-drones-
fail.

Cronin, Audrey Kurth. 2014. “The Foreign Policy Essay: Is this How to Win the ‘War on
Terrorism?’” Lawfare, (September 14), https://www.lawfareblog.com/foreign-policy-essay-how-win-war-terrorism.

Enemark, Christian. 2011. “Drones over Pakistan: Secrecy, Ethics, and Counterinsurgency,”
Asian Security, vol. 7, no. 3 (October): 218-237.

Entous, Adam, Julian E. Barnes, and Margaret Coker. 2011. “U.S. Doubts Intelligence That Led
to Yemen Strike,” The Wall Street Journal, (December 29), http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970203899504577126883574284126.

Gaouette, Nicole. 2016. “Obama: ‘No doubt’ U.S. drones have killed civilians,” CNN.com,
(April 2). http://edition.cnn.com/2016/04/01/politics/obama-isis-drone-strikes-iran/.

General Atomics Aeronautical. 2015. Predator B, http://www.ga-
asi.com/products/aircraft/predator_b.php.

The Global Security. 2016. “Pashtunwali/Pashtuanwaali,”
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/pashtunwali.htm.

Harris, Paul. 2012. “Drone attacks create terrorist safe havens, warns former CIA official,” The
Guardian, (June 5), http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jun/05/al-qaida-drone-attacks-too-broad.

Hudson, Leila, Colin S. Owens, and Matt Flannes. 2011. “Drone Warfare: Blowback from the
New American Way of War,” Middle East Policy, vol. 18, no. 3 (Fall): 122-132.

Hudson, Leila, Colin S. Owens, and David J. Callen. 2012. “Drone Warfare in Yemen: Fostering
Emirates through Counterterrorism?,” Middle East Policy Council, vol. 19, no. 3 (Fall).

Human Rights Clinic, Columbia Law School. 2012. “Counting Drone Strike Deaths.” New York:
3-34.

Human Rights Institute, Columbia Law School. 2011. “Targeting Operations with Drone
Technology: Humanitarian Law Implications.” American Society of International Law Annual Meeting, (March 25): 2-37.

Human Rights Watch. 2013. “Between a Drone and al-Qaeda: The Civilian Cost of US Targeted
Killings in Yemen,” Human Rights Watch, 1-97.

Hussain, Murtaza. 2015. “Former Drone Operations Say They Were ‘Horrified’ by Cruelty of
Assassination Program,” The Intercept, (November 20), https://theintercept.com/2015/11/19/former-drone-operators-say-they-were-horrified-by-cruelty-of-assassination-program/.

Johnsen, Gregory D. 2013. “How We Lost Yemen,” Foreign Policy, (August 6),
http://foreignpolicy.com/2013/08/06/how-we-lost-yemen/.

Jordan, Jenna. 2014. “Attacking the Leader, Missing the Mark: Why Terrorist Groups Survive
Decapitation Strikes,” International Security, vol.38, no. 4 (Spring): 7-38.

Kilcullen, David, and Andrew McDonald Exum. 2009. “Death From Above, Outrage Down
Below,” The New York Times, (May 16),
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/17/opinion/17exum.html?utm_source=affiliate&utm_medium=ls&utm_campaign=PPkX79/c*b0&utm_content=357585&utm_term=177&siteID=PPkX79_c.b0-YctiYQ7UFIErZ6b1vI.vCg&_r=0.

Koehler-Derrick, Gabriel. 2011. “A False Foundation? AQAP, Tribes and Ungoverned Spaces in
Yemen,” Combatting Terrorism Center at West Point, (September).

Laub, Zachary. 2015. “Yemen in Crisis,” Council on Foreign Relations, (July 8),
http://www.cfr.org/yemen/yemen-crisis/p36488/.

Long, Austin. 2010. “Assessing the Success of Leadership Targeting,” CTC Sentinel, vol. 3, no.
11-12 (November): 1-28.

Marshall, Monty G., and Benjamin R. Cole. 2014. “Table 1: State Fragility Index and Matrix
2014,” Center for Systemic Peace, http://www.systemicpeace.org/inscr/SFImatrix2014c.pdf.

Mothana, Ibrahim. 2012. “How Drones Help Al Qaeda,” The New York Times, (June 13),
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/14/opinion/how-drones-help-al-qaeda.html.

Miller, Greg, and Craig Whitlock. 2015. “Yemen crisis disrupts U.S. counterterrorism operations,
officials say,” The Washington Post, (January 23), https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-counterterrorism-operations-with-yemen-suspended-officials-say/2015/01/23/03bf8826-a337-11e4-903f-9f2faf7cd9fe_story.html.

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of Canada, (March 4), http://natoassociation.ca/al-qaeda-in-the-arabian-peninsula-aqap-part-1/.

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Terrorism Database,” http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd.

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Drones Strikes in Pakistan under International Law,” Cornell International Law Journal, vol. 44: 729-752.

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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際研究英語碩士學位學程 (IMPIS)
103862003
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0103862003
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 張文揚zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chang, Wen Yangen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 善學zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Shattuck,Thomasen_US
dc.creator (作者) 善學zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Shattuck, Thomasen_US
dc.date (日期) 2016en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Jul-2016 16:08:31 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Jul-2016 16:08:31 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Jul-2016 16:08:31 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0103862003en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/98683-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際研究英語碩士學位學程 (IMPIS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 103862003zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 美國只好在巴基斯坦和葉門使用無人機,做為打擊基地組織及其分支機構的武器。這本研究評估四個美國的反恐目標，是否在這些國家使用無人機攻擊基地組織。這四個目標是（1）破壞，降解，搗毀和擊敗基地組織及其附屬機構; （2）消除安全避難所; （3）建立持久反恐的夥伴關係，和能力; （4）對抗基地組織的意識形態和共振，減少暴力，基地組織攻擊的特定的驅動程序。無人機攻擊葉門和巴基斯坦,當他們不實現任何的這些目標時,以及在某些情況下,反對他們的工作時。無人機攻擊無法有效在定位和消除正確的目標，增加反美情緒和復仇的慾望，在與基地組織戰鬥中葉門和巴基斯的政府表現出無能，並為基地組織有迴盪消息，宣傳利用。美國必須改革使用無人駕駛飛機，才能真正消滅基地組織構成的嚴重威脅，衛護其國家安全和海外利益。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The American use of unmanned aerial vehicles in Pakistan and Yemen has become the sole mechanism to combat al Qaeda and its affiliates. This study evaluates four U.S. counterterrorism goals to determine whether or not drone strikes in these countries can defeat al Qaeda. The four goals are (1) disrupt, degrade, dismantle, and defeat al Qaeda and its affiliates; (2) eliminate safe havens; (3) build enduring counterterrorism partnerships and capabilities; and (4) counter al Qaeda ideology and its resonance and diminish the specific drivers of violence that al Qaeda exploits. Drones strikes in Yemen and Pakistan do not achieve any of these goals, and in some cases, work against them. They are not effective at eliminating the proper targets, increase anti-American sentiments and the desire for revenge, demonstrate Yemen’s and Pakistan’s incompetence at fighting al Qaeda, and provide al Qaeda with a reverberating message to exploit with propaganda. The U.S. must reform its use of drones in order to truly eliminate al Qaeda as a serious threat to its national security and interests abroad.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Chapter One: Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Research Importance and Implications 10
1.3 Research Limitations 12
1.4 Research Methodology and Approach 13
Chapter Two: Literature Review 16
2.1 The U.S. Drone Program: An Evaluation of its Effectiveness and Effects 16
2.2 The Legality of the U.S. Drone Program 24
2.3 Practical and Theoretical Issues with the Program 29
2.4 Military Coercion Theory 33
Chapter Three: Drones in Pakistan 36
3.1 Military Coercion and Drones in Pakistan 36
3.2 U.S. Counterterrorism Goals and Drone Usage in Pakistan 37
3.3 Evaluation of U.S. Drone Program in Pakistan 49
Chapter Four: Drones in Yemen 53
4.1 Military Coercion and Drones in Yemen 54
4.2 U.S. Counterterrorism Goals and Drone Usage in Yemen 56
4.3 Evaluation of U.S. Drone Program in Yemen 71
Chapter Five: Conclusion 74
5.1 Recommendations for U.S. Drone Programs 74
5.2 Policy Implications 80
5.3 Further Research Suggestions 82
Bibliography 84		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1235732 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0103862003en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 無人戰機zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 無人機zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 反恐zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 巴基斯坦zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 葉門zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) unmanned aerial vehiclesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) dronesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) counterterrorismen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Pakistanen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Yemenen_US
dc.title (題名) 巴基斯坦和葉門的無人機：在美國反恐戰爭中是有效或是破壞穩定的戰術？zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Pakistan and Yemen: Effective or Destabilizing Tactic in the U.S. War on Terrorism?en_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2007. “Taliban all over,” The Economist, (April 12), http://www.economist.com/node/9008911.

2010. “Air strike kills Yemen mediator,” Reuters-Thompson, (May 26),
http://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-idUSLDE64O0DF20100526.

2013. “Online Data Analysis,” Arab Barometer, http://www.arabbarometer.org/content/online-
data-analysis.

2013. “Drop the pilot,” The Economist, (October 9),
http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21588142-surprising-number-pakistanis-are-favour-drone-strikes-drop-pilot.

2013. “U.S. Policy Standards and Procedures for the Use of Force in Counterterrorism
Operations Outside the United States and Areas of Active Hostilities,” The United States Government, (May 23), https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/2013.05.23_fact_sheet_on_ppg.pdf.

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