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題名 共創部落旅遊發展的模型
Tourism Development in Taiwan`s Tribe Communities: A Co-creation Model for Authentic Experiences作者 李杰銘 貢獻者 方孝謙
Fong, Shiaw Chian
李杰銘關鍵詞 原住民
社區發展
共創模型
部落旅遊
Indigenous
Community Development
Co-creation Model
Tribal Tourism日期 2016 上傳時間 21-Jul-2016 10:34:36 (UTC+8) 摘要 在全世界和台灣，很多原住民地區正嘗試用觀光業當作經濟跟文化發展的一種替代方式。本研究會先簡短的介紹台灣原住民的歷史與發展， 接著回答三個有關瞭解文化觀光在原住民部落的環境理論性的問題。文獻回顧會定義重要的概念，這些概念 就是實證研究的基礎。 實證研究會提供共創創意旅遊的社區組織模型。共創模型應用到部落旅遊發展的三個方面：1）社區與政府部門，或部落外的夥伴合作； 2）社區内的組織與合作；3）主客互動。 本研究所指主要政府部門是原住民族委員會與交通部觀光局。本研究所指的模型應用在兩個從事觀光活動的原住民部落：樂水部落和福山部落。本研究的目的就觀光而言期望對原住民社區鄉村發展有更深刻的瞭解，因此提供模型來極大化原住民社區運作旅遊活動在經濟上和文化上的獲益。
In Taiwan, and around the world, many indigenous areas are experimenting with tourism as an alternative source of economic and cultural development. After a brief introduction of indigenous peoples history and development in Taiwan, this study answers three theoretical questions pertinent to understanding cultural tourism in a tribe environment. In answering these theoretical questions three core concepts are defined: cultural rights, authenticity, and the push pull-paradigm of cultural tourism. These three concepts are put into application through construction of a co-creation model, designed to enhance community organization in developing tourism activities. The model for community organization is based on co-creation and creativity tourism, with a principle of community as the lead stakeholder. It will be argued that when the proposed model is followed in tourism development, authenticity of experience will be improved, cultural rights protected, preservation of traditional culture encouraged, and value added. The co-creation model is used to analyze three different aspects of tribe tourism development: 1) community cooperation with government bodies and outside partners; 2) intra-community organization and cooperation; 3) tourist- host interactions. By using the proposed co-creation model as an ideal standard for tourism development and organization we measure the extent to which the subjects studied create an environment to achieve the goals of authenticity, cultural preservation, cultural rights, and added value. The main government subjects studied were the Council of Indigenous Peoples and the Tourism Bureau. The model was applied to two indigenous communities engaging in tourism activities: Fu Shan Tribe and Le Shui Tribe. It is hoped that those involved in the organizing and development of community based tribal tourism initiatives can use the proposed functional model of co-creation as a reference of best practices to maximize economic and cultural benefits.參考文獻 Babbie, E. R. (2007). The practice of social research (12thed). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth publishing company.Bingaman, Eveline. (2012). Are there any Naxi left in Lijiang? An Exploration of Naxi Ethnicity in the Era of Tourism. Paper presented at the 2012 Harvard East Asia Society Conference, Cambridge, MA. Brown, M. J. (2004). Is Taiwan Chinese?: the impact of culture, power, and migration on changing identities (Vol. 2). Univ of California Press.Chang, J., Wall, G., & Tsai, C. T. S. (2005). Endorsement advertising in aboriginal tourism: an experiment in Taiwan. International journal of tourism research,7(6), 347-356.Cronbach, L. (1975). Beyond the two disciplines of scientific psychology`, AmericanPsychologist30, 110-127. Council of Indigenous Peoples. (2010). About CIP. Retrieved from: http://www.apc.gov.twDenzin, N. K. (1978). The research act: A theoretical introduction to research methods.Dorsey, E. R., Steeves, H. L., & Porras, L. E. (2004). Advertising ecotourism on the internet: commodifying environment and culture. New Media & Society,6(6),753-779.Fontana, A., & Frey, J. H. (2000). The interview: From structured questions to negotiated text. Handbook of qualitative research, 2(6), 645-672.Gilmore, J. H., & Pine, B. J. (2007). Authenticity: What consumers really want. Harvard Business Press. Gilmore, J. H., & Pine, B. J. (1999). The experience economy. Harvard Business School Press, Boston, 42.Hall, S. (Ed.). (1997). Representation: Cultural representations and signifying practices (Vol. 2). Sage.Hawkins, D. E., & Khan, M. M. (1998). 11 Ecotourism opportunities for developing countries. Global tourism, 191Hunter, W. C. (2011). Rukai indigenous tourism: Representations, cultural identity and Q method. Tourism Management, 32(2), 335-348.Janesick, V. J. (2000). The choreography of qualitative research design.Handbook of Qualitative Research., 379-399.Kaplowitz, M. D. (2000). Statistical analysis of sensitive topics in group and individualinterviews. Quality and Quantity, 34(4), 419-431.Li, M., Wu, B., & Cai, L. (2008). Tourism development of World Heritage Sites in China: A geographic perspective. Tourism Management, 29(2), 308-319.MacCannell, D. (1973). Staged authenticity: Arrangements of social space in tourist settings. American journal of Sociology, 589-603.Molleda, J. C., & Jain, R. (2013). Testing a perceived authenticity index with triangulation research: The case of Xcaret in Mexico. International Journal of Strategic Communication,7(1), 1-20.Moore, K. (2002). The Discursive Tourist 3. The tourist as a metaphor of the social world,41-60.New Taipei City Tourism Bureau. (2015). 看見德拉楠: 烏來福山部落悠遊行. Retrieved from: http://www.tranantour.com/Prahalad, C. K., & Ramaswamy, V. (2000). Co-opting customer competence.Harvard business review,78(1),79-90.Prentice, R. (1997). Cultural and landscape tourism. Facilitating meaning. Tourism development and growth, 209-236.Ramaswamy, V., & Gouillart, F. (2010). Building the co-creative enterprise.Harvard business review,88(10),100-109.Richards, G., & Wilson, J. (2006). Developing creativity in tourist experiences: A solution to the serial reproduction of culture?. Tourism management, 27(6),1209-1223.Sarup, M.(1996). Identity, culture and the postmodern world. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Smith, M. (2009). Issues in cultural tourism studies. Routledge. Shoemaker, P. J., Tankard Jr, J. W., & Lasorsa, D. L. (2003). How to build social science theories. Sage publications.Su, X., & Teo, P. (2009). The politics of heritage tourism in China: A view from Lijiang. Routledge.Tao, T. C., & Wall, G. (2009). Tourism as a sustainable livelihood strategy.Tourism management,30(1),90-98.Tourism Bureau, MOTC. (2013). 原住民地區：102 年觀光推動成果彙編. Tourism Bureau.United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). (2009). Investing in Cultural Diversity and the Intercultural Dialogue. Retrieved from: http://www.un.org/en/events/culturaldiversityday/pdfUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). (2006). Understanding Creative Industries. Retrieved from: http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.phpURL_IDYang, L. (2011). Ethnic tourism and cultural representation. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(2),561-585.Yi Lan County Government. (2016). 各戶所人口統計資料查詢. Retrieved from: http://hrs.e-land.gov.tw/Source/H01/H0102Q02.asp?System_work 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)
103461012資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1034610121 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 方孝謙 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Fong, Shiaw Chian en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 李杰銘 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) 李杰銘 zh_TW dc.date (日期) 2016 en_US dc.date.accessioned 21-Jul-2016 10:34:36 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 21-Jul-2016 10:34:36 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 21-Jul-2016 10:34:36 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G1034610121 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/99431 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 103461012 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 在全世界和台灣，很多原住民地區正嘗試用觀光業當作經濟跟文化發展的一種替代方式。本研究會先簡短的介紹台灣原住民的歷史與發展， 接著回答三個有關瞭解文化觀光在原住民部落的環境理論性的問題。文獻回顧會定義重要的概念，這些概念 就是實證研究的基礎。 實證研究會提供共創創意旅遊的社區組織模型。共創模型應用到部落旅遊發展的三個方面：1）社區與政府部門，或部落外的夥伴合作； 2）社區内的組織與合作；3）主客互動。 本研究所指主要政府部門是原住民族委員會與交通部觀光局。本研究所指的模型應用在兩個從事觀光活動的原住民部落：樂水部落和福山部落。本研究的目的就觀光而言期望對原住民社區鄉村發展有更深刻的瞭解，因此提供模型來極大化原住民社區運作旅遊活動在經濟上和文化上的獲益。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) In Taiwan, and around the world, many indigenous areas are experimenting with tourism as an alternative source of economic and cultural development. After a brief introduction of indigenous peoples history and development in Taiwan, this study answers three theoretical questions pertinent to understanding cultural tourism in a tribe environment. In answering these theoretical questions three core concepts are defined: cultural rights, authenticity, and the push pull-paradigm of cultural tourism. These three concepts are put into application through construction of a co-creation model, designed to enhance community organization in developing tourism activities. The model for community organization is based on co-creation and creativity tourism, with a principle of community as the lead stakeholder. It will be argued that when the proposed model is followed in tourism development, authenticity of experience will be improved, cultural rights protected, preservation of traditional culture encouraged, and value added. The co-creation model is used to analyze three different aspects of tribe tourism development: 1) community cooperation with government bodies and outside partners; 2) intra-community organization and cooperation; 3) tourist- host interactions. By using the proposed co-creation model as an ideal standard for tourism development and organization we measure the extent to which the subjects studied create an environment to achieve the goals of authenticity, cultural preservation, cultural rights, and added value. The main government subjects studied were the Council of Indigenous Peoples and the Tourism Bureau. The model was applied to two indigenous communities engaging in tourism activities: Fu Shan Tribe and Le Shui Tribe. It is hoped that those involved in the organizing and development of community based tribal tourism initiatives can use the proposed functional model of co-creation as a reference of best practices to maximize economic and cultural benefits. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents ContentsAbstract 1Acknowledgements 2Introduction 3Chapter Organization 5Contemporary History 7Literature Review 11Tribal Tourism 12Community First Tourism 13Authenticity Considerations 14Culture 14Authenticity 15Cultural Representations 19Cultural Impacts 22Push 22Pull 25Conclusion of Literature Review 26Methods 28Constructing A Functional Model 28Co-creation 28Creativity Tourism 31The Functional Model of Co-Creation 34Research Questions 38Research Question 1 38Research Question 2 39Research Question 3 39Visual Representation of Research Questions 40Findings 46RQ1: 46Council of Indigenous Peoples 46Tourism Bureau 53RQ1 Findings Analysis 59RQ2 61Le Shui 61FuShan 67RQ2 Findings Analysis 74RQ3 75Le Shui 76FuShan 77RQ3 Findings Analysis 79Working Hypothesis 80Discusion 86Conclusion 88References 90Appendix 94 zh_TW dc.format.extent 640762 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1034610121 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 原住民 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 社區發展 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 共創模型 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 部落旅遊 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Indigenous en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Community Development en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Co-creation Model en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Tribal Tourism en_US dc.title (題名) 共創部落旅遊發展的模型 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Tourism Development in Taiwan`s Tribe Communities: A Co-creation Model for Authentic Experiences en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Babbie, E. R. (2007). The practice of social research (12thed). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth publishing company.Bingaman, Eveline. (2012). Are there any Naxi left in Lijiang? An Exploration of Naxi Ethnicity in the Era of Tourism. Paper presented at the 2012 Harvard East Asia Society Conference, Cambridge, MA. Brown, M. J. (2004). Is Taiwan Chinese?: the impact of culture, power, and migration on changing identities (Vol. 2). Univ of California Press.Chang, J., Wall, G., & Tsai, C. T. S. (2005). Endorsement advertising in aboriginal tourism: an experiment in Taiwan. International journal of tourism research,7(6), 347-356.Cronbach, L. (1975). Beyond the two disciplines of scientific psychology`, AmericanPsychologist30, 110-127. Council of Indigenous Peoples. (2010). About CIP. Retrieved from: http://www.apc.gov.twDenzin, N. K. (1978). The research act: A theoretical introduction to research methods.Dorsey, E. R., Steeves, H. L., & Porras, L. E. (2004). Advertising ecotourism on the internet: commodifying environment and culture. New Media & Society,6(6),753-779.Fontana, A., & Frey, J. H. (2000). The interview: From structured questions to negotiated text. Handbook of qualitative research, 2(6), 645-672.Gilmore, J. H., & Pine, B. J. (2007). Authenticity: What consumers really want. Harvard Business Press. Gilmore, J. H., & Pine, B. J. (1999). The experience economy. Harvard Business School Press, Boston, 42.Hall, S. (Ed.). (1997). Representation: Cultural representations and signifying practices (Vol. 2). Sage.Hawkins, D. E., & Khan, M. M. (1998). 11 Ecotourism opportunities for developing countries. Global tourism, 191Hunter, W. C. (2011). Rukai indigenous tourism: Representations, cultural identity and Q method. Tourism Management, 32(2), 335-348.Janesick, V. J. (2000). The choreography of qualitative research design.Handbook of Qualitative Research., 379-399.Kaplowitz, M. D. (2000). Statistical analysis of sensitive topics in group and individualinterviews. Quality and Quantity, 34(4), 419-431.Li, M., Wu, B., & Cai, L. (2008). Tourism development of World Heritage Sites in China: A geographic perspective. Tourism Management, 29(2), 308-319.MacCannell, D. (1973). Staged authenticity: Arrangements of social space in tourist settings. American journal of Sociology, 589-603.Molleda, J. C., & Jain, R. (2013). Testing a perceived authenticity index with triangulation research: The case of Xcaret in Mexico. International Journal of Strategic Communication,7(1), 1-20.Moore, K. (2002). The Discursive Tourist 3. The tourist as a metaphor of the social world,41-60.New Taipei City Tourism Bureau. (2015). 看見德拉楠: 烏來福山部落悠遊行. Retrieved from: http://www.tranantour.com/Prahalad, C. K., & Ramaswamy, V. (2000). Co-opting customer competence.Harvard business review,78(1),79-90.Prentice, R. (1997). Cultural and landscape tourism. Facilitating meaning. Tourism development and growth, 209-236.Ramaswamy, V., & Gouillart, F. (2010). Building the co-creative enterprise.Harvard business review,88(10),100-109.Richards, G., & Wilson, J. (2006). Developing creativity in tourist experiences: A solution to the serial reproduction of culture?. Tourism management, 27(6),1209-1223.Sarup, M.(1996). Identity, culture and the postmodern world. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Smith, M. (2009). Issues in cultural tourism studies. Routledge. Shoemaker, P. J., Tankard Jr, J. W., & Lasorsa, D. L. (2003). How to build social science theories. Sage publications.Su, X., & Teo, P. (2009). The politics of heritage tourism in China: A view from Lijiang. Routledge.Tao, T. C., & Wall, G. (2009). Tourism as a sustainable livelihood strategy.Tourism management,30(1),90-98.Tourism Bureau, MOTC. (2013). 原住民地區：102 年觀光推動成果彙編. Tourism Bureau.United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). (2009). Investing in Cultural Diversity and the Intercultural Dialogue. Retrieved from: http://www.un.org/en/events/culturaldiversityday/pdfUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). (2006). Understanding Creative Industries. Retrieved from: http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.phpURL_IDYang, L. (2011). Ethnic tourism and cultural representation. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(2),561-585.Yi Lan County Government. (2016). 各戶所人口統計資料查詢. Retrieved from: http://hrs.e-land.gov.tw/Source/H01/H0102Q02.asp?System_work zh_TW
