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題名 臺灣音韻異常兒童之顎音習得與產製
The Acquisition and Production of Mandarin Palatals in Disordered Children作者 符庭瑄
Fu, Ting Hsuan貢獻者 萬依萍
Wan, I Ping
符庭瑄
Fu, Ting Hsuan關鍵詞 構音/音韻異常
語言發展遲緩
兒童語言習得
音節複雜度
臺灣
developmental speech disorder
child language acquisition
syllable complexity
Taiwan Mandarin日期 2016 上傳時間 2-八月-2016 15:43:36 (UTC+8) 摘要 本篇論文針對三位以臺灣華語為母語的音韻異常兒童，採長期觀察的方式，研究中文顎音[tɕ, tɕʰ, ɕ]的習得狀況與產製現象。習得狀況方面，詳細描述顎音的習得順序、常見的語音錯誤之音韻歷程、延遲的音韻歷程類型、錯誤取代模式隨著年紀增長而改變的情形。產製現象方面，本篇論文探討了顎音所在音節的音節複雜度(Syllable complexity)是否會對顎音的正確率以及錯誤取代狀況有所影響。本研究共觀察三位年齡為三歲十個月至五歲三個月且正在接受語言治療的音韻異常兒童長達六個月，以每週一次的頻率前往醫院收集幼童與語言治療師之間的自然對話，並利用錄製回來的影音檔做譯寫和分析。結果顯示，音韻異常兒童的顎音習得狀況有以下現象：(1)顎音發展較為停滯，幾乎沒有隨著年齡的增長而有進步的現象。(2)音韻異常兒童在發顎音時，會系統性的使用不該是他的年齡所應該出現的音韻歷程。(3)顎音的語音錯誤之音韻歷程種類不多，但使用的頻率卻非常頻繁。上述結果皆驗證了前人文獻的研究結果(Stoel-Gammon & Dunn, 1985; Jeng, 2011)。除此之外，本研究也發現音韻異常兒童具有以下特徵：(4)音韻異常兒童能夠察覺兩個音之間送氣特徵(aspiration feature)的不同，在選擇替代音時，也會選擇與目標音有相同送氣特徵的音來取代。(5)音韻異常兒童的語言能力和語言表現之間有落差，也就是說，他們知道能夠區辨出哪個是正確的音，但卻無法正確的使用該語音。(6)音節複雜度會對音韻異常兒童的顎音產製造成影響。因此，音韻異常兒童在顎音的習得狀況和產製表現上都和正常兒童不同。音韻異常兒童使用的錯誤音的模式顯示塞擦音基底形式中的[stop]成分及[cont]成分並非均等(asymmetrical relationship)，且塞擦音是屬於以左邊的成分為主要核心的語音(left-headed)，並從第一語言習得的觀點為塞擦音的真實面貌提供了一項證據。
The purpose of this study is to discuss the issue concerning the acquisition and production of Mandarin palatals [tɕ, tɕʰ, ɕ] in Taiwan Mandarin-speaking disordered children. Four aspects regarding the acquisition of Mandarin palatals are included in this study: the order of acquisition, the phonological processes involved, the delayed phonological processes, and the path of error patterns. In addition, the effect of syllable complexity on disordered children’s palatal production is also examined. Three disordered children (aged 3;10 to 5;3) who were identified as having delayed phonological development are investigated in this study. A six-to-seven month of longitudinal observation is conducted by recording the spontaneous speech between the therapists and the children during the process of speech therapy. The results showed that phonologically disordered children have the following characteristics on palatal acquisition and production: (1) static phonemic system that stops at an early level of development, (2) persistent uses of delayed processes, and (3) frequent uses of phonological processes. These characteristics were asserted in the literature (Stoel-Gammon & Dunn, 1985; Jeng, 2011) and have been proved in this study. In addition, we found that disordered children are unconsciously able to notice the aspiration feature of two sounds, and will use an error sound that has an identical aspiration feature with the target. Moreover, the disparity between the linguistic competence and the linguistic performance in the disordered children was also found. Last, syllable complexity has found to affect disordered children’s palatal production. The substitution errors used by the disordered children support Schafer’s (1995) study, in which he claimed that the underlying representation of affricates is left-headed. To sum up, this study has provided a piece of evidence for the unsolved issue of the nature of affricates from the field of first language acquisition, and might serve as a reference for parents and speech therapists for understanding palatal acquisition and production in disordered children.參考文獻 American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (1993). Definitions of communication disorders and variations. ASHA, 35, 40-41. Badar, R. (2002). Factors affecting the consistency of word production: age, gender and word characteristics (Unpublished master’s thesis). University of Newcastle upon Tyne, England.Bahr, R. H. (1998). Articulation and phonologic disorders. In C. Seymour and E. 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國立政治大學
語言學研究所
102555009資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102555009 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 萬依萍 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Wan, I Ping en_US dc.contributor.author (作者) 符庭瑄 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) Fu, Ting Hsuan en_US dc.creator (作者) 符庭瑄 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Fu, Ting Hsuan en_US dc.date (日期) 2016 en_US dc.date.accessioned 2-八月-2016 15:43:36 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 2-八月-2016 15:43:36 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-八月-2016 15:43:36 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0102555009 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/99513 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 語言學研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 102555009 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本篇論文針對三位以臺灣華語為母語的音韻異常兒童，採長期觀察的方式，研究中文顎音[tɕ, tɕʰ, ɕ]的習得狀況與產製現象。習得狀況方面，詳細描述顎音的習得順序、常見的語音錯誤之音韻歷程、延遲的音韻歷程類型、錯誤取代模式隨著年紀增長而改變的情形。產製現象方面，本篇論文探討了顎音所在音節的音節複雜度(Syllable complexity)是否會對顎音的正確率以及錯誤取代狀況有所影響。本研究共觀察三位年齡為三歲十個月至五歲三個月且正在接受語言治療的音韻異常兒童長達六個月，以每週一次的頻率前往醫院收集幼童與語言治療師之間的自然對話，並利用錄製回來的影音檔做譯寫和分析。結果顯示，音韻異常兒童的顎音習得狀況有以下現象：(1)顎音發展較為停滯，幾乎沒有隨著年齡的增長而有進步的現象。(2)音韻異常兒童在發顎音時，會系統性的使用不該是他的年齡所應該出現的音韻歷程。(3)顎音的語音錯誤之音韻歷程種類不多，但使用的頻率卻非常頻繁。上述結果皆驗證了前人文獻的研究結果(Stoel-Gammon & Dunn, 1985; Jeng, 2011)。除此之外，本研究也發現音韻異常兒童具有以下特徵：(4)音韻異常兒童能夠察覺兩個音之間送氣特徵(aspiration feature)的不同，在選擇替代音時，也會選擇與目標音有相同送氣特徵的音來取代。(5)音韻異常兒童的語言能力和語言表現之間有落差，也就是說，他們知道能夠區辨出哪個是正確的音，但卻無法正確的使用該語音。(6)音節複雜度會對音韻異常兒童的顎音產製造成影響。因此，音韻異常兒童在顎音的習得狀況和產製表現上都和正常兒童不同。音韻異常兒童使用的錯誤音的模式顯示塞擦音基底形式中的[stop]成分及[cont]成分並非均等(asymmetrical relationship)，且塞擦音是屬於以左邊的成分為主要核心的語音(left-headed)，並從第一語言習得的觀點為塞擦音的真實面貌提供了一項證據。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) The purpose of this study is to discuss the issue concerning the acquisition and production of Mandarin palatals [tɕ, tɕʰ, ɕ] in Taiwan Mandarin-speaking disordered children. Four aspects regarding the acquisition of Mandarin palatals are included in this study: the order of acquisition, the phonological processes involved, the delayed phonological processes, and the path of error patterns. In addition, the effect of syllable complexity on disordered children’s palatal production is also examined. Three disordered children (aged 3;10 to 5;3) who were identified as having delayed phonological development are investigated in this study. A six-to-seven month of longitudinal observation is conducted by recording the spontaneous speech between the therapists and the children during the process of speech therapy. The results showed that phonologically disordered children have the following characteristics on palatal acquisition and production: (1) static phonemic system that stops at an early level of development, (2) persistent uses of delayed processes, and (3) frequent uses of phonological processes. These characteristics were asserted in the literature (Stoel-Gammon & Dunn, 1985; Jeng, 2011) and have been proved in this study. In addition, we found that disordered children are unconsciously able to notice the aspiration feature of two sounds, and will use an error sound that has an identical aspiration feature with the target. Moreover, the disparity between the linguistic competence and the linguistic performance in the disordered children was also found. Last, syllable complexity has found to affect disordered children’s palatal production. The substitution errors used by the disordered children support Schafer’s (1995) study, in which he claimed that the underlying representation of affricates is left-headed. To sum up, this study has provided a piece of evidence for the unsolved issue of the nature of affricates from the field of first language acquisition, and might serve as a reference for parents and speech therapists for understanding palatal acquisition and production in disordered children. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents Chapter 1 Introduction 11.1 The research background 31.2 Research questions 71.3 Organization of the thesis 8Chapter 2 Literature Review 102.1 Consonant acquisition in normally developing children 102.1.1 English 102.1.1.1 Prather et al. (1975) 112.1.1.2 Roberts, Burchinal & Footo (1990) 132.1.1.3 Dodd et al. (2003) 132.1.1.4 Summary 172.1.2 Mandarin Chinese 182.1.2.1 Zhu & Dodd (2000a) 182.1.2.2 Hsu (2003) 232.1.2.3 Cho (2008) 242.1.2.4 Summary 252.1.3 Other languages 262.2 Consonant acquisition in phonologically disordered Children 272.2.1 English 272.2.1.1 Stoel-Gammon & Dunn (1985) 272.1.2.2 Dodd (1993) 282.1.2.3 Leonard (1995) 302.2.2 Mandarin 312.2.2.1 Zhu & Dodd (2000b) 312.2.2.2 Jeng (2011) 362.2.3 Other languages 372.3 Introduction to Mandarin phonology 382.3.1 Consonants 382.3.2 Vowels 392.3.3 Syllable structures 402.3.4 Possible combinations 412.4 The underlying representation of affricates 422.5 The factor of syllable complexity 442.5.1 The acquisition of syllable structure 452.5.2 Sonority-based hierarchies of complexity 462.5.3 The effect of syllable complexity on consonant production 502.5.3.1 Romani & Calabrese (1998) 502.5.3.2 Jeng (2009) 51Chapter 3 Methodology 533.1 Data collection 533.1.1 Participant 543.1.2 Procedures 543.1.3 Recording equipment 553.2 Data analysis 563.2.1 Transcription and coding 563.2.2 Criteria for target words 583.2.3 Stabilization 593.2.4 Substitution pattern 613.2.5 Syllable complexity 62Chapter 4 Results and Analysis 644.1 Background information 644.2 Age factor 664.2.1 Accuracy rate 664.2.2 Substitution patterns 724.3 Syllable complexity 854.3.1 Accuracy rates 854.3.2 Substitution patterns 89Chapter 5 Discussion 955.1 Summary of the findings 955.2 The acquisition of Mandarin palatals 1005.2.1 Order of acquisition 1005.2.2 Phonological process 1025.2.3 Delayed phonological process 1045.2.4 Path of error patterns 1055.3 Syllable complexity 1075.3.1 Accuracy rates 1085.3.2 Substitution errors 1105.4 The underlying representation of affricates 1105.5 Concluding remarks 114References 116 zh_TW dc.format.extent 4551809 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102555009 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 構音/音韻異常 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 語言發展遲緩 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 兒童語言習得 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 音節複雜度 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 臺灣 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) developmental speech disorder en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) child language acquisition en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) syllable complexity en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Taiwan Mandarin en_US dc.title (題名) 臺灣音韻異常兒童之顎音習得與產製 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Acquisition and Production of Mandarin Palatals in Disordered Children en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. 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