Publications-Theses
Article View/Open
Publication Export
-
Google ScholarTM
NCCU Library
Citation Infomation
Related Publications in TAIR
題名 印尼華人幼師職業角色認同之研究 -以棉蘭地區為例
The Role Identity of Indonesian Chinese preschool teacher in Medan作者 羅頌惠
Florence貢獻者 倪鳴香
Ni, Ming Shiang
羅頌惠
Florence關鍵詞 印尼華人
角色職業認同
幼兒教師
認同日期 2016 上傳時間 3-Aug-2016 10:46:44 (UTC+8) 摘要 本論文來自一位80歲印尼華人幼兒園園長的啟發,思考「為何在她年長的時候還願意為幼兒園服務?」、「為何在沒有很好的薪資待遇,他/她們還是選擇成為幼師?」具體而言,研究目的是為了解印尼華人幼師職業選擇的歷程,探討她們為何擔任幼師,以及在進入幼兒園後的角色認同問題。 本研究立基於生命傳記研究取向,以即興(生命)情節訪談法採集棉蘭衛理二校幼兒園園長及三位工作年資滿10年以上的幼師生命故事。文本解析參照Andreas Böhm等學者所提出的「總體分析」及Fritz Schütze的文本解讀結構,完成四位個案成為幼師的故事書寫,再以Amia Lieblich, Rivka Tuval-Mashiach及Tamar Zilber所發展的敘事分析模式的「整體內容」及「整體形式」進行個案故事的解析,並運用倪鳴香在2000年提出的幼師職業認同發展三階段論 -「想像性職業認同」、「胚胎性職業認同」、「確定性職業認同」解析四位個案的職業認同的發展樣貌。最後則從「印尼的社會文化」及「基督教宗教信仰」兩個層面闡述華人社會脫離文盲以及看見幼教對人成長的重要性之認同意涵;認定幼師是服事上帝及受上帝揀選的恩寵。雖然印尼華人幼師沒有所謂的專業,但因為認同教育的重要性,所以他們選擇繼續留在幼兒園理服務至今。 參考文獻 一、 中文文獻全國法規資料庫(2013)。幼兒教育及照顧法。台北市: 教育部。取自http://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=H0070031李忠錫(2006)。狄爾泰的「傳記」概念及其教育研究的意涵。國立政治大學教育研究所。李政賢、廖志恆、林靜如(譯)(2008)。質性研究導論(原作者:Flick Uwe)。台北:五南。邱炫元、何景榮、陳琮淵、林育建(譯)(2012)。當代印尼華人的認同:文化、政略於媒體(原作者:雲昌耀)。台北:群學出版優先公司。邱憶惠(2008)。幼教教師認同之建構:以一位幼保系與一位美術系的職前教師為例。幼兒保育論壇,3,65-85。邱憶惠、高忠增(2009)。成為一位幼教教師:教師認同之敘說探究。台南科大學報,28,155-176。吳芝儀(譯)(2008)。敘事研究:閱讀、分析於詮釋(原作者:Lieblich, A., Mashiach, R. T., & Zilber, T.)。嘉義:濤石文化事業股份有限公司。吳慎慎(2002)。自我演化與終身學習。藝術評論,13,285-308。周鳳美、宋佩芬(2005)。實習教師建構教師專業認同之研究。新竹師院學報,20,1-26。涂柏章(2004)。這一頁,我來說教師:國小初任教師專業認同之教育學傳記研究(碩士論文)。國立政治大學教育學系行政組。倪鳴香(譯)(2001)。生命傳記研究與敘述訪談(原作者:Schütze, F),上課講義未出版。倪鳴香(2004a)。社會變遷中幼師專業角色形成與認同歷程之研究報告(國科會研究計劃編號NSC91-2413-H-004-011)。倪鳴香(2004b)。童年的蛻變:以生命史觀看幼師角色的形成。教育研究集刊,50(4),17-44。倪鳴香(2004c)。敘述訪談與傳記研究。教育研究月刊,118,26-31。倪鳴香(2009)。「我就是這工作,在工作中我蛻變」:以生命歷史觀詮釋一位幼師職業角色之自我創化。教育與心理研究,32(4),23-52。倪鳴香(2016)。變遷社會中台灣幼師專業認同歷程之研究報告(國科會研究計劃編號:MOST 103-2410-H-004-138)沈清松 (2000)。有關宗教理論與宗教教育的三個哲學問題。輔仁宗教研究創刊號,3-24。黃琬敦、倪鳴香(2008)。宗教經驗與職涯變遷歷程之探究:以一位幼教老師為例。應用心理研究,39,58-93。教育部(2014)。學前教育。取自 http://www.edu.tw/userfiles/url/ 20140530154230/5.%E5%AD%B8%E5%89%8D%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2.pdf張純子(2010)。幼教工作者專業認同歷程之研究(博士論文)。國立中正大學教育學研究所。葉玉賢(2015)。印尼幼兒教育。取自:http://moodle.ncnu.edu.tw/blog/index.php?entryid=877彭佳宣(2003)。「不成長就會被淘汰」:一位幼師生命運轉之敘說分析。國立政治大學幼兒教育所,台北。蔡維民(2004)。印尼華人基督教會宣教初探-以蘇門答臘為例。亞太研究論壇,23,72-98。蔡郭浩、王慧蘭、劉育忠(2011)。敘說探究在教育領域的發展與運用。敘說探究的第一堂課(頁 170-185)。台北:鼎茂圖書出版股份有限公司。戴文青(2005)。從深層結構論台灣幼兒園教師專業認同轉化的可能性。南大學報,39(2),19-42。二、 英文文獻Barna (2015). What most influence the self-identity of Americans? Barna Culture & Media. Retrieved from https://www.barna.org/barna-update/culture/712-what-most-influences-the-self-identity-of-americans#.VqdenI9OLIXBates, J. (2004). Use of the episodic interview method in everyday life information behaviour research. [Summary of a research note delivered at the ISIC 2004 conference, Dublin, 1-3 September, 2004] Information Research, 10(1) summary 15. Retrieved from http://www.informationr.net/ir/10-1/abs15.html#fli98BBCnews (2016, February, 17). Indonesia country profile. BBC News Asia. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-14921238Beauchamp, C. & Thomas, L. (2009). Understanding teacher identity: an overview of issues in the literature and implications for teacher education. Cambridge Journal of Education, 39 (2), 165-189. doi: 10.1080/03057640902902252Beijaard, D., Verloop, N. & Vermunt, J. D. (2000). Teachers’ perceptions of professional identity: An exploratory study from a personal knowledge perceptive. Teaching and Teacher Education, 16, 749-764. doi: 10.1016/S0742-051X(00)00023-8Beijaard, D., Meijer, P. C. & Verloop, N. (2004). Reconsidering research on teachers’ professional identity. Teaching and Teacher Education, 20, 107-128. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2003.07.001Burke, P. J. & Reitzes, D. C. (1981). The link between identity and role performance. Social Psychology Quarterly, 44(2), 83–92. doi: 10.2307/3033704Chang, Y. H. (2013). Multicultural citizenship education in Indonesia: The case of a chinese christian school. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 44(3), 490-510. doi: 10.1017/S0022463413000349Day, C., Kington, A., Stobart, G. & Sammons, P. (2006). The personal and professional selves of teachers: Stable and unstable identities. British Educational Research Journal, 32 (4), 601-616. doi: 10.1080/01411920600775316Erikson, E. H.(1968). Identity youth and crisis. NY: W. W Norton & Company. Flick, U. (2009). An introduction to qualitative research. London, England: Sage. Gee, J. P. (2000). Identity as an analytic lens for research in education. Review of Research in Education, 25, 99–125. doi: 10.3102/0091732X025001099Giddens, A. (1991). Modernity and self-identity: Self and society in the late modern age. California, CA: Stanford University Press.Goodson, I. F. & Sikes, P.(2001). Life history research in educational settings: Learning from lives. Philadelphia, PA: Open University Press.Jovchelovitch, S. & Bauer, M. W. (2000). Narrative interviewing. In Martin W. Bauer and G. Gaskell (eds.). Qualitative researching with text, image and sound: A practical handbook (pp. 57-74). London, England: Sage.Karila, K. (2008). A Finnish viewpoint on professionalism in early childhood education. European early childhood education research journal, 16(2), 210-223. doi: 10.1080/13502930802141634Moloney, M. (2010). Professional identity in early childhood care and education: Perspectives of pre-school and infant teachers. Irish Educational Studies, 29(2), 167-187. doi: 10.1080/03323311003779068Piper, J. (1994, April, 17). Christian identity and Christian destiny. Retrived from http://www.desiringgod.org/messages/christian-identity-and-christian-destinyTAP. (2014). The teacher quality crisis. Retrieved from http://tapsystem.niet.org/what/what.taf?page=crisisThomas, R. M. (1988). Dividing the labor: Indonesia`s government/ private early childhood education system. Early Child Development and Care, 39(1), 33-43. doi: 10.1080/0300443880390103Thomas, R. M. (1992). Early childhood teacher education in Indonesia. Early Child Development and Care, 78(1), 85-94. doi: 10.1080/0300443920780107UNESCO (2005). Policy review report: early childhood care and education in Indonesia Early Childhood and Family Policy Series (pp. 10). Paris.World Bank (2012). The Indonesia early childhood education and development (ECED) project: Findings and policy. Retrieved from http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/10/16960151/indonesia-early-childhood-education-development-eced-project-findings-policy-recommendationsWorld Bank (2013). Indonesia income level. Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/country/indonesiaYulindrasari, H. (2012a). ECCE in Indonesia: Policy and Challenges-Part1. ECEC around the World. Retrieved from http://www.childresearch.net/projects/ecec/2012_06.htmlYulindrasari, H. (2012b). ECCE in Indonesia: Policy and Challenges-Part2. ECEC around the World. Retrieved from http://www.childresearch.net/projects/ecec/2012_07.html三、 印尼文文獻Agengsugeng(2011). Konflik Indonesia-Belanda tahun 1945-1949.Sejarah interaktif. Retrieved from http://sejarah-interaktif.blogspot.tw/2011/10/konflik-indonesia-belanda-tahun-1945.htmlAlvin, S. (2014, November, 20). Kartu Indonesia pintar akan diberikan ke anak jalanan. Liputan6. Retrieved from http://news.liputan6.com/read/2136666/kartu-indonesia-pintar-akan-diberikan-ke-anak-jalananBPS. (2011). Penduduk menurut umur tunggal, daerah perkotaan dan pedesaan, dan jenis kelamin. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik. Retrieved from http://sp2010.bps.go.id/index.php/site/tabel?search-tabel=Penduduk+Menurut+Umur+Tunggal%2C+Daerah+Perkotaan%2FPerdesaan%2C+dan+Jenis+Kelamin&tid=262&search-wilayah=Indonesia&wid=0000000000&lang=idBPS. (2014). Hasil survey biaya hidup 2012. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik. Retrieved from http://www.bps.go.id/brs_file/sbh_02jan14.pdf.Depertemen Pendidikan Nasional (2007). Konsep pengembangan kurikulum pendidikan anak usia dini non-formal. Jakarta: Pusat Kurikulum Badan Penelitian dan PengembanganDepertemen Pendidikan Nasional (2008). Ikhtisar Data Pendidikan Nasional Tahun 2007/2008. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan. Retrieved from https://nasuprawoto.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/bukusakufinal_0708.pdfGajimu. (2016). Upah Minimum di Indonesia dengan efek dari 01-01-2016 sampai dengan 31-12-2016. Retrieved from http://www.gajimu.com/main/gaji/gaji-minimumIndonesia Investment (2010). Agama di Indonesia. Retrieved from http://www.indonesia-investments.com/id/budaya/agama/item69Kementerian Pendidikan Nasional (2010). Rencana Strategis Kementerian Pendidikan Nasional 2010-2014. Retrieved from http://datatopics.worldbank.org/hnp/files/edstats/IDNpla10.pdfKementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan (2012). Ikhtisar data pendidikan tahun 2011/2012. Jakarta: Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Sekretariat Jenderal Pusat Data dan Statistik Pendidikan 2012. Retrieved from http://kemdikbud.go.id/kemdikbud/dokumen/BukuRingkasanDataPendidikan/Final-Buku-saku-1112.pdfKubera. (2012). Peta Indonesia. Retrieved from http://kubera.wikia.com/wiki/File:Peta-indonesia.jpgMethodist-2. (2014). Sejarah Singkat Methodist-2 Medan 1949-2012. Medan: Author.http://www.methodist2mdn.sch.id/tata-tertib-sekolah/Paudni. (2014a). Dirjen PAUDNI: Investasi terbesar pendidikan berada di usia dini. Jakarta: Author. Retrieved from http://www.paudni.kemdikbud.go.id/berita/4589.html.Paudni. (2014b). Sebanyak 68,1 persen anak Indonesia terlayani PAUD. Makassar: Author. Retrieved from http://www.paudni.kemdikbud.go.id/berita/4789.html.Paudni. (2014c). Guru PAUD masih didominasi lulusan SMA. Makassar: Author. Retrieved from http://www.paudni.kemdikbud.go.id/berita/4749.html.Paudni. (2014d). Alokasi APBD Terhadap Pengembangan PAUD Minim. Makassar: Author. Retrieved from http://www.paudni.kemdikbud.go.id/berita/4579.html.Permen. (2007). Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia Nomor 16 Tahun 2007 Tentang Standar Kualifikasi akademik dan kompetensi guru. Jakarta: Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia. Retrieved from http://luk.staff.ugm.ac.id/atur/Permen16-2007KompetensiGuru.pdf.Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia. (2010). Peraturan pemerintah republik Indonesia nomor 17 Tahun 2010 tentang pengelolaan dan penyelenggaraan pendidikan. Retrieved from http://paud.kemdikbud.go.id/uploads/peraturan/tentang-penyelenggaraan-pendidikan-file.pdf.Poskota News (2015). Baru 23,6 Persen Guru PAUD yang Sarjana. Retrieved from http://poskotanews.com/2015/03/12/baru-236-persen-guru-paud-yang-sarjana/ROL. (2013). Dana insentif guru PAUD minimal Rp 1 juta per bulan [Press release]. Retrieved from http://www.republika.co.id/berita/pendidikan/eduaction/13/07/22/mqcbxi-dana-insentif-guru-paud-minimal-rp-1-juta-per-bulanSetiono, G. B.(2008). Tionghoa dalam pusaran politik. Jakarta: Trans Media Pustaka.Sinar Indonesia Baru. (2014, 5th November). Ironis, gaji guru PAUD di Binjau Rp150 ribu/bulan. Sinar Indonesia Baru. Retrieved from http://hariansib.co/mobile/?open=content&id=35072Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia. (2003). Undang-undang Republik Indonesia nomor 20 tahun 2003 tentang sistem pendidikan nasional. Retrieved from http://usu.ac.id/public/content/files/sisdiknas.pdf. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
幼兒教育所
102157018資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102157018 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 倪鳴香 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Ni, Ming Shiang en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 羅頌惠 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Florence en_US dc.creator (作者) 羅頌惠 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Florence en_US dc.date (日期) 2016 en_US dc.date.accessioned 3-Aug-2016 10:46:44 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 3-Aug-2016 10:46:44 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-Aug-2016 10:46:44 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0102157018 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/99659 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 幼兒教育所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 102157018 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本論文來自一位80歲印尼華人幼兒園園長的啟發,思考「為何在她年長的時候還願意為幼兒園服務?」、「為何在沒有很好的薪資待遇,他/她們還是選擇成為幼師?」具體而言,研究目的是為了解印尼華人幼師職業選擇的歷程,探討她們為何擔任幼師,以及在進入幼兒園後的角色認同問題。 本研究立基於生命傳記研究取向,以即興(生命)情節訪談法採集棉蘭衛理二校幼兒園園長及三位工作年資滿10年以上的幼師生命故事。文本解析參照Andreas Böhm等學者所提出的「總體分析」及Fritz Schütze的文本解讀結構,完成四位個案成為幼師的故事書寫,再以Amia Lieblich, Rivka Tuval-Mashiach及Tamar Zilber所發展的敘事分析模式的「整體內容」及「整體形式」進行個案故事的解析,並運用倪鳴香在2000年提出的幼師職業認同發展三階段論 -「想像性職業認同」、「胚胎性職業認同」、「確定性職業認同」解析四位個案的職業認同的發展樣貌。最後則從「印尼的社會文化」及「基督教宗教信仰」兩個層面闡述華人社會脫離文盲以及看見幼教對人成長的重要性之認同意涵;認定幼師是服事上帝及受上帝揀選的恩寵。雖然印尼華人幼師沒有所謂的專業,但因為認同教育的重要性,所以他們選擇繼續留在幼兒園理服務至今。 zh_TW dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 6第一節 歷史社會背景與研究動機 6第二節 研究目的與問題 11第三節 幼師職業角色認同 12第四節 研究書寫架構 19第二章 印尼的幼兒教育政策 21第五節 印尼國家簡介 21第六節 印尼早期的幼兒教育及其政策(1914–1982) 23第七節 印尼幼兒教育之現況及問題 25第三章 研究方法 33第一節 研究法的理論基礎 33第二節 研究場域及研究對象 35第三節 資料採集 41第四節 資料處理與解析 43第五節 研究倫理與限制 46第四章 印尼棉蘭衛理二校幼兒園幼師的故事 48第一節 教育華人社會的老師—莉莉 48第二節 被上帝帶領—安妮 59第三節 成為老師是個很大的恩典-安娜 72第四節 在孩子心裡種下好種籽-妮妮 80第五節 透析幼師們的職業角色認同歷程 88第六節 小結 99第五章 印尼華人幼師的職業角色認同建構 102第一節 價值取向的角色認同建構 103第二節 超越生命的角色認同建構 104第三節 小結 107第六章 回顧與省思 108第一節 研究省思 108第二節 未來發展及期待 110參考文獻 112附錄 119 zh_TW dc.format.extent 4362574 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102157018 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 印尼華人 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 角色職業認同 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 幼兒教師 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 認同 zh_TW dc.title (題名) 印尼華人幼師職業角色認同之研究 -以棉蘭地區為例 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Role Identity of Indonesian Chinese preschool teacher in Medan en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、 中文文獻全國法規資料庫(2013)。幼兒教育及照顧法。台北市: 教育部。取自http://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=H0070031李忠錫(2006)。狄爾泰的「傳記」概念及其教育研究的意涵。國立政治大學教育研究所。李政賢、廖志恆、林靜如(譯)(2008)。質性研究導論(原作者:Flick Uwe)。台北:五南。邱炫元、何景榮、陳琮淵、林育建(譯)(2012)。當代印尼華人的認同:文化、政略於媒體(原作者:雲昌耀)。台北:群學出版優先公司。邱憶惠(2008)。幼教教師認同之建構:以一位幼保系與一位美術系的職前教師為例。幼兒保育論壇,3,65-85。邱憶惠、高忠增(2009)。成為一位幼教教師:教師認同之敘說探究。台南科大學報,28,155-176。吳芝儀(譯)(2008)。敘事研究:閱讀、分析於詮釋(原作者:Lieblich, A., Mashiach, R. T., & Zilber, T.)。嘉義:濤石文化事業股份有限公司。吳慎慎(2002)。自我演化與終身學習。藝術評論,13,285-308。周鳳美、宋佩芬(2005)。實習教師建構教師專業認同之研究。新竹師院學報,20,1-26。涂柏章(2004)。這一頁,我來說教師:國小初任教師專業認同之教育學傳記研究(碩士論文)。國立政治大學教育學系行政組。倪鳴香(譯)(2001)。生命傳記研究與敘述訪談(原作者:Schütze, F),上課講義未出版。倪鳴香(2004a)。社會變遷中幼師專業角色形成與認同歷程之研究報告(國科會研究計劃編號NSC91-2413-H-004-011)。倪鳴香(2004b)。童年的蛻變:以生命史觀看幼師角色的形成。教育研究集刊,50(4),17-44。倪鳴香(2004c)。敘述訪談與傳記研究。教育研究月刊,118,26-31。倪鳴香(2009)。「我就是這工作,在工作中我蛻變」:以生命歷史觀詮釋一位幼師職業角色之自我創化。教育與心理研究,32(4),23-52。倪鳴香(2016)。變遷社會中台灣幼師專業認同歷程之研究報告(國科會研究計劃編號:MOST 103-2410-H-004-138)沈清松 (2000)。有關宗教理論與宗教教育的三個哲學問題。輔仁宗教研究創刊號,3-24。黃琬敦、倪鳴香(2008)。宗教經驗與職涯變遷歷程之探究:以一位幼教老師為例。應用心理研究,39,58-93。教育部(2014)。學前教育。取自 http://www.edu.tw/userfiles/url/ 20140530154230/5.%E5%AD%B8%E5%89%8D%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2.pdf張純子(2010)。幼教工作者專業認同歷程之研究(博士論文)。國立中正大學教育學研究所。葉玉賢(2015)。印尼幼兒教育。取自:http://moodle.ncnu.edu.tw/blog/index.php?entryid=877彭佳宣(2003)。「不成長就會被淘汰」:一位幼師生命運轉之敘說分析。國立政治大學幼兒教育所,台北。蔡維民(2004)。印尼華人基督教會宣教初探-以蘇門答臘為例。亞太研究論壇,23,72-98。蔡郭浩、王慧蘭、劉育忠(2011)。敘說探究在教育領域的發展與運用。敘說探究的第一堂課(頁 170-185)。台北:鼎茂圖書出版股份有限公司。戴文青(2005)。從深層結構論台灣幼兒園教師專業認同轉化的可能性。南大學報,39(2),19-42。二、 英文文獻Barna (2015). What most influence the self-identity of Americans? Barna Culture & Media. Retrieved from https://www.barna.org/barna-update/culture/712-what-most-influences-the-self-identity-of-americans#.VqdenI9OLIXBates, J. (2004). Use of the episodic interview method in everyday life information behaviour research. [Summary of a research note delivered at the ISIC 2004 conference, Dublin, 1-3 September, 2004] Information Research, 10(1) summary 15. Retrieved from http://www.informationr.net/ir/10-1/abs15.html#fli98BBCnews (2016, February, 17). Indonesia country profile. BBC News Asia. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-14921238Beauchamp, C. & Thomas, L. (2009). Understanding teacher identity: an overview of issues in the literature and implications for teacher education. Cambridge Journal of Education, 39 (2), 165-189. doi: 10.1080/03057640902902252Beijaard, D., Verloop, N. & Vermunt, J. D. (2000). Teachers’ perceptions of professional identity: An exploratory study from a personal knowledge perceptive. Teaching and Teacher Education, 16, 749-764. doi: 10.1016/S0742-051X(00)00023-8Beijaard, D., Meijer, P. C. & Verloop, N. (2004). Reconsidering research on teachers’ professional identity. Teaching and Teacher Education, 20, 107-128. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2003.07.001Burke, P. J. & Reitzes, D. C. (1981). The link between identity and role performance. Social Psychology Quarterly, 44(2), 83–92. doi: 10.2307/3033704Chang, Y. H. (2013). Multicultural citizenship education in Indonesia: The case of a chinese christian school. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 44(3), 490-510. doi: 10.1017/S0022463413000349Day, C., Kington, A., Stobart, G. & Sammons, P. (2006). The personal and professional selves of teachers: Stable and unstable identities. British Educational Research Journal, 32 (4), 601-616. doi: 10.1080/01411920600775316Erikson, E. H.(1968). Identity youth and crisis. NY: W. W Norton & Company. Flick, U. (2009). An introduction to qualitative research. London, England: Sage. Gee, J. P. (2000). Identity as an analytic lens for research in education. Review of Research in Education, 25, 99–125. doi: 10.3102/0091732X025001099Giddens, A. (1991). Modernity and self-identity: Self and society in the late modern age. California, CA: Stanford University Press.Goodson, I. F. & Sikes, P.(2001). Life history research in educational settings: Learning from lives. Philadelphia, PA: Open University Press.Jovchelovitch, S. & Bauer, M. W. (2000). Narrative interviewing. In Martin W. Bauer and G. Gaskell (eds.). Qualitative researching with text, image and sound: A practical handbook (pp. 57-74). London, England: Sage.Karila, K. (2008). A Finnish viewpoint on professionalism in early childhood education. European early childhood education research journal, 16(2), 210-223. doi: 10.1080/13502930802141634Moloney, M. (2010). Professional identity in early childhood care and education: Perspectives of pre-school and infant teachers. Irish Educational Studies, 29(2), 167-187. doi: 10.1080/03323311003779068Piper, J. (1994, April, 17). Christian identity and Christian destiny. Retrived from http://www.desiringgod.org/messages/christian-identity-and-christian-destinyTAP. (2014). The teacher quality crisis. Retrieved from http://tapsystem.niet.org/what/what.taf?page=crisisThomas, R. M. (1988). Dividing the labor: Indonesia`s government/ private early childhood education system. Early Child Development and Care, 39(1), 33-43. doi: 10.1080/0300443880390103Thomas, R. M. (1992). Early childhood teacher education in Indonesia. Early Child Development and Care, 78(1), 85-94. doi: 10.1080/0300443920780107UNESCO (2005). Policy review report: early childhood care and education in Indonesia Early Childhood and Family Policy Series (pp. 10). Paris.World Bank (2012). The Indonesia early childhood education and development (ECED) project: Findings and policy. Retrieved from http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/10/16960151/indonesia-early-childhood-education-development-eced-project-findings-policy-recommendationsWorld Bank (2013). Indonesia income level. Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/country/indonesiaYulindrasari, H. (2012a). ECCE in Indonesia: Policy and Challenges-Part1. ECEC around the World. Retrieved from http://www.childresearch.net/projects/ecec/2012_06.htmlYulindrasari, H. (2012b). ECCE in Indonesia: Policy and Challenges-Part2. ECEC around the World. Retrieved from http://www.childresearch.net/projects/ecec/2012_07.html三、 印尼文文獻Agengsugeng(2011). Konflik Indonesia-Belanda tahun 1945-1949.Sejarah interaktif. Retrieved from http://sejarah-interaktif.blogspot.tw/2011/10/konflik-indonesia-belanda-tahun-1945.htmlAlvin, S. (2014, November, 20). Kartu Indonesia pintar akan diberikan ke anak jalanan. Liputan6. Retrieved from http://news.liputan6.com/read/2136666/kartu-indonesia-pintar-akan-diberikan-ke-anak-jalananBPS. (2011). Penduduk menurut umur tunggal, daerah perkotaan dan pedesaan, dan jenis kelamin. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik. Retrieved from http://sp2010.bps.go.id/index.php/site/tabel?search-tabel=Penduduk+Menurut+Umur+Tunggal%2C+Daerah+Perkotaan%2FPerdesaan%2C+dan+Jenis+Kelamin&tid=262&search-wilayah=Indonesia&wid=0000000000&lang=idBPS. (2014). Hasil survey biaya hidup 2012. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik. Retrieved from http://www.bps.go.id/brs_file/sbh_02jan14.pdf.Depertemen Pendidikan Nasional (2007). Konsep pengembangan kurikulum pendidikan anak usia dini non-formal. Jakarta: Pusat Kurikulum Badan Penelitian dan PengembanganDepertemen Pendidikan Nasional (2008). Ikhtisar Data Pendidikan Nasional Tahun 2007/2008. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan. Retrieved from https://nasuprawoto.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/bukusakufinal_0708.pdfGajimu. (2016). Upah Minimum di Indonesia dengan efek dari 01-01-2016 sampai dengan 31-12-2016. Retrieved from http://www.gajimu.com/main/gaji/gaji-minimumIndonesia Investment (2010). Agama di Indonesia. Retrieved from http://www.indonesia-investments.com/id/budaya/agama/item69Kementerian Pendidikan Nasional (2010). Rencana Strategis Kementerian Pendidikan Nasional 2010-2014. Retrieved from http://datatopics.worldbank.org/hnp/files/edstats/IDNpla10.pdfKementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan (2012). Ikhtisar data pendidikan tahun 2011/2012. Jakarta: Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Sekretariat Jenderal Pusat Data dan Statistik Pendidikan 2012. Retrieved from http://kemdikbud.go.id/kemdikbud/dokumen/BukuRingkasanDataPendidikan/Final-Buku-saku-1112.pdfKubera. (2012). Peta Indonesia. Retrieved from http://kubera.wikia.com/wiki/File:Peta-indonesia.jpgMethodist-2. (2014). Sejarah Singkat Methodist-2 Medan 1949-2012. Medan: Author.http://www.methodist2mdn.sch.id/tata-tertib-sekolah/Paudni. (2014a). Dirjen PAUDNI: Investasi terbesar pendidikan berada di usia dini. Jakarta: Author. Retrieved from http://www.paudni.kemdikbud.go.id/berita/4589.html.Paudni. (2014b). Sebanyak 68,1 persen anak Indonesia terlayani PAUD. Makassar: Author. Retrieved from http://www.paudni.kemdikbud.go.id/berita/4789.html.Paudni. (2014c). Guru PAUD masih didominasi lulusan SMA. Makassar: Author. Retrieved from http://www.paudni.kemdikbud.go.id/berita/4749.html.Paudni. (2014d). Alokasi APBD Terhadap Pengembangan PAUD Minim. Makassar: Author. Retrieved from http://www.paudni.kemdikbud.go.id/berita/4579.html.Permen. (2007). Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia Nomor 16 Tahun 2007 Tentang Standar Kualifikasi akademik dan kompetensi guru. Jakarta: Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia. Retrieved from http://luk.staff.ugm.ac.id/atur/Permen16-2007KompetensiGuru.pdf.Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia. (2010). Peraturan pemerintah republik Indonesia nomor 17 Tahun 2010 tentang pengelolaan dan penyelenggaraan pendidikan. Retrieved from http://paud.kemdikbud.go.id/uploads/peraturan/tentang-penyelenggaraan-pendidikan-file.pdf.Poskota News (2015). Baru 23,6 Persen Guru PAUD yang Sarjana. Retrieved from http://poskotanews.com/2015/03/12/baru-236-persen-guru-paud-yang-sarjana/ROL. (2013). Dana insentif guru PAUD minimal Rp 1 juta per bulan [Press release]. Retrieved from http://www.republika.co.id/berita/pendidikan/eduaction/13/07/22/mqcbxi-dana-insentif-guru-paud-minimal-rp-1-juta-per-bulanSetiono, G. B.(2008). Tionghoa dalam pusaran politik. Jakarta: Trans Media Pustaka.Sinar Indonesia Baru. (2014, 5th November). Ironis, gaji guru PAUD di Binjau Rp150 ribu/bulan. Sinar Indonesia Baru. Retrieved from http://hariansib.co/mobile/?open=content&id=35072Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia. (2003). Undang-undang Republik Indonesia nomor 20 tahun 2003 tentang sistem pendidikan nasional. Retrieved from http://usu.ac.id/public/content/files/sisdiknas.pdf. zh_TW