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題名 幸福感與所得不均
Happiness and Income Inequality
作者 吳朝凱
Wu, Chao Kai
貢獻者 林信助
Lin, Shinn Juh
吳朝凱
Wu, Chao Kai
關鍵詞 幸福感
所得不均
追蹤資料分析
Happiness
Income inequality
Panel data analysis
日期 2016
上傳時間 9-Aug-2016 09:59:15 (UTC+8)
摘要 利用World Database of Happiness(Veenhoven, 2015)中1990年代和2000年代的資料，本文欲探討幸福感和所得不均及其他重要社經變數如絕對所得、醫療支出、貿易依存度、幸福感不均、社團參與程度、相互信任程度間的關係。此外，國家之間在文化、法令等各方面的許多差異可能都會對幸福感產生影響，但卻難以量化衡量。有別於既存文獻，本文分別採用國家分群及追蹤資料分析這兩種方式來控制這些異質性，俾便對幸福感與諸多重要社經變數之間的關係能夠有更嚴謹的檢視與完整的分析。證實結果除了證實所得不均的重要性之外，幸福感與所得不均兩者間的關係也會因估計方式的不同而有所差異。根據混合迴歸模型(pooled OLS) 的分析，幸福感和所得不均呈現顯著的正向關係。然而，國家分群後，高度發展國家的所得不均變得不顯著；但中低度發展國家的結果仍顯示兩者存在顯著的正相關。最明顯且有趣的是，追蹤資料分析的結果顯示，所得不均反而對幸福感有負向影響。整體而言，本文追蹤資料分析的結果傾向支持所得不均將伴隨比較心理的產生(Frey and Stutzer, 2003)，進而降低幸福感，而非社會階級流動的機會(Tomes, 1986; Ball, 2001)。
參考文獻 Alesina, A., DiTella, R., and MacCulloch, R. (2004), “Happiness and Inequality: Are Europeans and Americans Different?” Journal of Public Economics, 88(9−10), 2009−2024.
Ball, R. (2001), “Incomes, Inequality and Happiness: New Evidence.” Harvard College, Mimeo.
Ball, R., and Chernova, K. (2008), “Absolute Income, Relative Income, and Happiness.” Social Indicators Research, Vol. 88, No. 3 (Sep., 2008), pp. 497−529.
Bartolini, S., Bilancini, E. and Pugno, M. (2008), “Did the Decline in Social Capital Depress Americans’Happiness?” Quaderni del Dipartimento di Economia Politica, Università Degli Studi Di Siena.
Blanchflower, D. G. and Oswald, A. J. (2003), “Does Inequality Reduce Happiness? Evidence from the State of the USA from the 1970’s to the 1990’s.” Dartmouth College, Mimeo.
Bjornskov, C., Dreher, A., and Fischer, A. (2007), “The Relation between Inequality and Happiness, Do Subjective Perceptions Matter?” Paper, Aarhus School of Business, Denmark.
Cheung, F., and Lucas, R. E. (2015), “When Does Money Matter Most? Examining the Association between Income and Life Satisfaction over the Life Course.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
Clark, A. (2003), “Inequality Aversion and Social Mobility: A Direct Test.” Delta Working Paper, No.2003−11.
Clark, A. E. and Oswald, A. J. (1995), “Satisfaction and Comparison Income.” Journal of Public Economic, 61, 22.
Clark, A. E. and Senik, C. (2010), “Who Compares to Whom? The Anatomy of Income Comparison in Europe.” Economic Journal, 120, 573−594.
Di Tella, R., and MacCulloch, R. (2008), “Gross National Happiness as an Answer to the Easterlin Paradox?” Journal of Development Economics, 16(3), 22−42.
Easterlin, R. (1974), “Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot? Some Empirical Evidence.” , 37.
Eyunni, A. (2011), “On the Determinants of Happiness.”, 21.
Fahey, A. L. and Smith, E. (2004), “The Link between Subjective Well-Being and Objective Conditions in European Societies. ” Brill, Boston, USA, 57−80.
Frey, B. S., and Stutzer, A. (2003), “Testing Theories of Happiness.” Working Paper, No. 147.
Graham, C. (2010), “Happiness around the World: The Paradox of Happy Peasants and Miserable Millionaires. ” Oxford University Press, USA.
Helliwell, J. F. (2003), “How’s life? Combining Individual and National Variables to Explain Subjective Well-Being.” NBER Working Paper, No. 9065.
Helliwell, J. F. (2006), “Well-Being, Social Capital and Public Policy: What’s New?” The Economic Journal, 116(510), C34−C45.
Kaplan, G. A., Pamuk, E. R., Lynch, J. W., Cohen, R. D. and Balfour J. L. (1996), “Inequality in Income and Mortality in the United State: Analysis of Mortality and Potential Pathways.” British Medical Journal, 12, 999−1003.
Kawachi, I., and Kennedy, B. P. (1997), “The Relationship of Income Inequality to Mortality: Does the Choice of Indicator Matter?” Social Science and Medicine , 45, 1121−1127.
Layard, R., G. Mayraz, and Nickell, S. (2009), “Does Relative Income Matter? Are the Critics Right? ” SOEP Paper, No. 210.
Luttmer, E. (2004), “Neighbors as Negatives: Relative Earnings and Well-Being.” KSG Faculty Research Working Paper Series, RWP04−029.
Nordhaus, W. D. (2002), “The Health of Nations: The Contribution of Improved Health to Living Standards. ” Cowles Foundation Discussion Paper, No. 1355.
Senik, C. (2002), “When Information Dominates Comparison: A Panel Data Analysis Using Russian Subjective Panel Data.” William Davidson Institute Working Paper Series 495, University of Michigan.
Stiglitz, S., Sen, A., and Fitoussi, J. P. (2009), “Report by the commission on the measurement of economic performance and social progress.” http://www.stiglitz-sen-fitoussi.fr/ documents/rapport_anglais.pdf.
Tomes, N. (1986), “Income Distribution, Happiness and Satisfaction: A Direct Test of the Interdependent Preferences Model.” Journal of Economic Psychology, 7, pp. 425−446.
Veenhoven, R. (1984), “Conditions of Happiness.” D. Reidel, Dordrecht/Boston, 461 pp.
Veenhoven, R. (2002), “Het Grootste Geluk Voor Het Grootste Aantal. Geluk Als Richtsnoer Voor Beleid.” Sociale Wetenschappen, 4, 1−43.
Veenhoven, R., and Berg, M. (2010), “Income Inequality and Happiness in 119 Nations.” In: BentGreve(Ed.) “Social Policy and Happiness in Europe.”, Edgar Elgar Cheltenham UK, chapter 11, pp174−194,2010, ISBN978−1−84844−574−1.
Veenhoven, R., World Database of Happiness, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Nether- lands Assessed on (04 Oct 2015) at: http://worlddatabaseofhappiness.eur.nl.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際經營與貿易學系
103351028
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1033510281
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 林信助zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Lin, Shinn Juhen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 吳朝凱zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Wu, Chao Kaien_US
dc.creator (作者) 吳朝凱zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Wu, Chao Kaien_US
dc.date (日期) 2016en_US
dc.date.accessioned 9-Aug-2016 09:59:15 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 9-Aug-2016 09:59:15 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 9-Aug-2016 09:59:15 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G1033510281en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/99750-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際經營與貿易學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 103351028zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 利用World Database of Happiness(Veenhoven, 2015)中1990年代和2000年代的資料，本文欲探討幸福感和所得不均及其他重要社經變數如絕對所得、醫療支出、貿易依存度、幸福感不均、社團參與程度、相互信任程度間的關係。此外，國家之間在文化、法令等各方面的許多差異可能都會對幸福感產生影響，但卻難以量化衡量。有別於既存文獻，本文分別採用國家分群及追蹤資料分析這兩種方式來控制這些異質性，俾便對幸福感與諸多重要社經變數之間的關係能夠有更嚴謹的檢視與完整的分析。證實結果除了證實所得不均的重要性之外，幸福感與所得不均兩者間的關係也會因估計方式的不同而有所差異。根據混合迴歸模型(pooled OLS) 的分析，幸福感和所得不均呈現顯著的正向關係。然而，國家分群後，高度發展國家的所得不均變得不顯著；但中低度發展國家的結果仍顯示兩者存在顯著的正相關。最明顯且有趣的是，追蹤資料分析的結果顯示，所得不均反而對幸福感有負向影響。整體而言，本文追蹤資料分析的結果傾向支持所得不均將伴隨比較心理的產生(Frey and Stutzer, 2003)，進而降低幸福感，而非社會階級流動的機會(Tomes, 1986; Ball, 2001)。zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 1 序論 1
2 資料說明與基本統計量 5
2.1 資料來源.............................................5
2.2 變數定義.............................................5
2.3 幸福感是否為良好的比較指標...........9
2.4 敘述統計量.........................................9
3 研究方法 11
3.1 未考慮國家間異質性之迴歸分析 .......11
3.2 考慮國家間異質性之迴歸分析............12
3.3 個別效果顯著與否 ..............................13
4 實證結果分析 15
4.1 未考慮國家異質性 ...............................15
4.2 考慮國家異質性 ...................................16
4.2.1 依國家發展程度分群 ..........................17
4.2.2 追蹤資料分析 .....................................19
5 結論 21
參考文獻 23		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 587648 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1033510281en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 幸福感zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 所得不均zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 追蹤資料分析zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Happinessen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Income inequalityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Panel data analysisen_US
dc.title (題名) 幸福感與所得不均zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Happiness and Income Inequalityen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Alesina, A., DiTella, R., and MacCulloch, R. (2004), “Happiness and Inequality: Are Europeans and Americans Different?” Journal of Public Economics, 88(9−10), 2009−2024.
Ball, R. (2001), “Incomes, Inequality and Happiness: New Evidence.” Harvard College, Mimeo.
Ball, R., and Chernova, K. (2008), “Absolute Income, Relative Income, and Happiness.” Social Indicators Research, Vol. 88, No. 3 (Sep., 2008), pp. 497−529.
Bartolini, S., Bilancini, E. and Pugno, M. (2008), “Did the Decline in Social Capital Depress Americans’Happiness?” Quaderni del Dipartimento di Economia Politica, Università Degli Studi Di Siena.
Blanchflower, D. G. and Oswald, A. J. (2003), “Does Inequality Reduce Happiness? Evidence from the State of the USA from the 1970’s to the 1990’s.” Dartmouth College, Mimeo.
Bjornskov, C., Dreher, A., and Fischer, A. (2007), “The Relation between Inequality and Happiness, Do Subjective Perceptions Matter?” Paper, Aarhus School of Business, Denmark.
Cheung, F., and Lucas, R. E. (2015), “When Does Money Matter Most? Examining the Association between Income and Life Satisfaction over the Life Course.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
Clark, A. (2003), “Inequality Aversion and Social Mobility: A Direct Test.” Delta Working Paper, No.2003−11.
Clark, A. E. and Oswald, A. J. (1995), “Satisfaction and Comparison Income.” Journal of Public Economic, 61, 22.
Clark, A. E. and Senik, C. (2010), “Who Compares to Whom? The Anatomy of Income Comparison in Europe.” Economic Journal, 120, 573−594.
Di Tella, R., and MacCulloch, R. (2008), “Gross National Happiness as an Answer to the Easterlin Paradox?” Journal of Development Economics, 16(3), 22−42.
Easterlin, R. (1974), “Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot? Some Empirical Evidence.” , 37.
Eyunni, A. (2011), “On the Determinants of Happiness.”, 21.
Fahey, A. L. and Smith, E. (2004), “The Link between Subjective Well-Being and Objective Conditions in European Societies. ” Brill, Boston, USA, 57−80.
Frey, B. S., and Stutzer, A. (2003), “Testing Theories of Happiness.” Working Paper, No. 147.
Graham, C. (2010), “Happiness around the World: The Paradox of Happy Peasants and Miserable Millionaires. ” Oxford University Press, USA.
Helliwell, J. F. (2003), “How’s life? Combining Individual and National Variables to Explain Subjective Well-Being.” NBER Working Paper, No. 9065.
Helliwell, J. F. (2006), “Well-Being, Social Capital and Public Policy: What’s New?” The Economic Journal, 116(510), C34−C45.
Kaplan, G. A., Pamuk, E. R., Lynch, J. W., Cohen, R. D. and Balfour J. L. (1996), “Inequality in Income and Mortality in the United State: Analysis of Mortality and Potential Pathways.” British Medical Journal, 12, 999−1003.
Kawachi, I., and Kennedy, B. P. (1997), “The Relationship of Income Inequality to Mortality: Does the Choice of Indicator Matter?” Social Science and Medicine , 45, 1121−1127.
Layard, R., G. Mayraz, and Nickell, S. (2009), “Does Relative Income Matter? Are the Critics Right? ” SOEP Paper, No. 210.
Luttmer, E. (2004), “Neighbors as Negatives: Relative Earnings and Well-Being.” KSG Faculty Research Working Paper Series, RWP04−029.
Nordhaus, W. D. (2002), “The Health of Nations: The Contribution of Improved Health to Living Standards. ” Cowles Foundation Discussion Paper, No. 1355.
Senik, C. (2002), “When Information Dominates Comparison: A Panel Data Analysis Using Russian Subjective Panel Data.” William Davidson Institute Working Paper Series 495, University of Michigan.
Stiglitz, S., Sen, A., and Fitoussi, J. P. (2009), “Report by the commission on the measurement of economic performance and social progress.” http://www.stiglitz-sen-fitoussi.fr/ documents/rapport_anglais.pdf.
Tomes, N. (1986), “Income Distribution, Happiness and Satisfaction: A Direct Test of the Interdependent Preferences Model.” Journal of Economic Psychology, 7, pp. 425−446.
Veenhoven, R. (1984), “Conditions of Happiness.” D. Reidel, Dordrecht/Boston, 461 pp.
Veenhoven, R. (2002), “Het Grootste Geluk Voor Het Grootste Aantal. Geluk Als Richtsnoer Voor Beleid.” Sociale Wetenschappen, 4, 1−43.
Veenhoven, R., and Berg, M. (2010), “Income Inequality and Happiness in 119 Nations.” In: BentGreve(Ed.) “Social Policy and Happiness in Europe.”, Edgar Elgar Cheltenham UK, chapter 11, pp174−194,2010, ISBN978−1−84844−574−1.
Veenhoven, R., World Database of Happiness, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Nether- lands Assessed on (04 Oct 2015) at: http://worlddatabaseofhappiness.eur.nl.		zh_TW