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題名 經濟體Uber化與Uber化經濟、起源、演進與勞動市場的後果:對法國的整體影響效果
Uberization of the Economy and the Economics of Uberization. Origins, Evolution and Consequences in the Labor Market: The Case of France
作者 歐谷國
González, Victor
貢獻者 吳文傑
Wu, Jack
歐谷國
González, Victor
關鍵詞 創造性破壞
工業革命與一般用途科技
Uber化與破壞性創新
立即性與分享經濟
技術位移與技能偏向型技術變化
Creative Destruction
Industrial Revolutions and General Purpose Technologies
Uberization and Disruptive Innovations
On-demand and Sharing Economies
Technological Displacement and Skill-Biased Technical Change
日期 2016
上傳時間 9-Aug-2016 10:49:36 (UTC+8)
摘要 Uberization: an all-in-one concept in vogue that synthesizes both the best and the worse from the latest economic and technological revolutions. It symbolizes a brand (Uber), a way of doing business (Uberize), a way of going out of business (being Uberized) and, perhaps most importantly, constant change. Not surprisingly most of the experts who have tried to define it appeal almost instinctively to the Schumpeterian notion of creative destruction as a useful precedent. Uberization is sometimes confused with other concepts such as sharing or collaborative economies, or even with disruptive technologies; but it is none, while at the same time encompasses them all.

The purpose of this paper, more than simply defining or differentiating what the concept actually stands for, will be to try to illustrate what the major consequences of Uberization are on the real economy. Some precedents will be analyzed so as to understand its origin, evolution and future of Urbanization. The analysis will depart from the economic and technological fields, through a literary review; will subsequently extend to a concrete sector (riding), in a particular country (France), via qualitative examination (interviews and conferences); and will finally present some conclusive quantitative data (study cases) that will facilitate a wider comprehension of the phenomenon.
參考文獻 Printed:

- BENEDIKT, Carl and Michael Osborne. The Future of Employment: How Susceptible are Jobs to computerisation? In: http://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/downloads/academic/The_Future_of_Employment.pdf Consulted on April 2016.
- BRYNJOLFSSON, Erik and Andrew MCAFEE (2011), Race Against the Machine. How the Digital Revolution is Accelerating Innovation, Driving Productivity, and Irreversibly Transforming Employment and the Economy, Digital Frontier Press, Lexington, Massachusetts, 92pp.
- BRYNJOLFSSON, Erik and Andrew MCAFEE (2014), The Second Machine Age. Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies, W. W. Northon & Company, Inc., New York, 306pp.
- CHRISTENSEN, Clayton M. & Michael E. RAYNOR (2003), The Innovator’s Solution. Creating and Sustaining Successful Growth, Harvard Business Review Press, Boston, Massachusetts, 2003, 301pp.
- COHEN, Daniel (2015), Le monde est clos et le désir infinit, Albin Michel, Paris, 219pp.
- DANIEL, Jean-Marc (2010), Histoire vivante de la pensée économique, Pearson, Paris, 423pp.
- FERRY, Luc (2015), L’innovation destructrice, Champs actuel-Flammarion, Paris, 107pp.
- FORD, Martin, Rise of the Robot. Technology and the Threat of a Jobless Future, Basic Books, New York, 2014, 334pp.
- STIGLITZ, Joseph E (2015). The Great Divide, Allen Lane-Penguin, US, 428pp.
- MÉDA, Dominique (1995), Le travail. Une valeur en voie de disparition ? Champs actuel-Flammarion, Paris, 395pp.
- RIFKIN, Jeremy (2006), La fin du travail, Éditions La Découverte, Paris, 460pp.
- SCHUMPETER, Joseph A., Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, Harper Perennial Modern Thought edition, New York, 2008, 425pp.
- TEBOUL, Bruno & Thierry PICARD (2015), Uberisation = Économie déchirée ? Editions kawa. France, 81pp.
- THIEL, Peter & Blake MASTERS (2014), Zero to One. Notes on Startups or How to Build the Future, Penguin Random House, London, 195pp.

Study cases:

- BENEDIKT Frey, Carl and Michael A. Osborne (2013), The Future of Employment: How Susceptible are Jobs to Computerisation? http://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/downloads/academic/The_Future_of_Employment.pdf
- ELIA (2016), Les Français et l’Ubérisation. http://www.uberisation.org/sites/default/files/les-francais-et-uberisation-etude-elia.pdf
- Deloitte University Press (2015), Patterns of Disruption. Anticipating Disruptive Strategies in a World of Unicorns, Black Swans, and Exponentials. http://www.uberisation.org/sites/default/files/dup-1098_patterns-of-disruption_vfinal_deloitte_0.pdf
- Capgemini Consulting (2016), Ubérisation de l’économie : d’après le sondage OpinionWay mené pour Capgemini Consulting, les Français sont prêts à partager données personnelles pour obtenir des services de meilleure qualité.
https://www.fr.capgemini-consulting.com/sites/default/files/cp_cc_sondage_opinion_way_les_francais_et_luberisation_de_leconomie_vf.pdf
- Capgemini Consulting (2016), Ubériser votre business. Une transformation inévitable.
https://www.fr.capgemini-consulting.com/resource-file-access/resource/pdf/journal_of_marketing_revolution_5.pdf
- France Stratégie (2016), L’avenir du travail : quelles redéfinitions de l’emploi, des statuts et des protections ?
http://www.strategie.gouv.fr/sites/strategie.gouv.fr/files/atoms/files/ddt-avenir-travail-10-03-2016-final_0.pdf

Online:

- http://www.syntec-numerique.fr
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/62f2737e-6210-11e5-9846-de406ccb37f2.html#axzz47nyFMOlB
- http://www.uberisation.org/fr
- http://www.atelier.net/trends/articles/uberisation-de-economie-b2b-mort-vive-c2b_436808
- http://www.numerama.com/startup/uber
- http://bfmbusiness.bfmtv.com/entreprise/les-taxis-prennent-la-mesure-de-la-puissance-d-uber-874170.html
- http://www.theverge.com/2015/6/26/8852461/paris-uber-protest-interviews-uberpop-taxi-drivers
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/8a6f1084-7295-11e5-a129-3fcc4f641d98.html#axzz47nyFMOlB
- http://www.wsj.com/articles/uber-meets-its-match-in-france-1442592333#:I-D1Ze7oOU6MPA
- http://6t.fr/blog/etude-inedite-sur-limpact-duber-sur-la-mobilite-des-utilisateurs/
- http://transports.blog.lemonde.fr/2015/09/21/les-chiffres-qui-expliquent-pourquoi-uber-cartonne/
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/bf3d0444-e129-11e5-9217-6ae3733a2cd1.html#axzz47nyFMOlB
- http://transports.blog.lemonde.fr/2014/12/10/a-quoi-sert-vraiment-une-autolib/
- http://www.liberation.fr/debats/2016/02/26/stop-a-l-uberisation-de-la-societe_1435702
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/c5e367b2-a96f-11e5-955c-1e1d6de94879.html#axzz47nyFMOlB
- http://www.france24.com/fr/20160317-france-loi-travail-manifestations-paris-jeunes-syndicats-etudiants-reportage
- http://www.leparisien.fr/flash-actualite-economie/taxis-contre-vtc-l-etat-s-engage-a-racheter-les-licences-des-taxis-qui-le-souhaitent-04-04-2016-5686371.php
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/bf3d0444-e129-11e5-9217-6ae3733a2cd1.html#axzz47nyFMOlB
- http://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2015/06/26/de-quoi-l-uberisation-est-elle-le-nom_4662261_4355770.html
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/489cf62a-9f2e-11e4-a849-00144feab7de.html#axzz47nyFMOlB
- http://www.latribune.fr/entreprises-finance/services/transport-logistique/debat-taxis-bleus-uber-une-pax-urbana-en-vue-entre-taxis-et-vtc-564127.html
- http://www.forbes.com/sites/jacobmorgan/2015/12/17/are-uber-airbnb-and-other-sharing-economy-businesses-good-for-america/#2eeba1fff696
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/65fb6b8c-8314-11e5-8095-ed1a37d1e096.html#axzz47nyFMOlB
- http://www.paristechreview.com/2015/09/23/uber-extension-domaine-marche/
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/1fbef27e-022b-11e6-ac98-3c15a1aa2e62.html#axzz47nyFMOlB
- http://www.theguardian.com/travel/2015/feb/27/paris-becomes-airbnbs-top-home-sharing-city-destination
- http://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2015/04/29/pour-que-la-finance-devienne-notre-amie_4624993_3232.html
- http://www.challenges.fr/economie/20131213.CHA8393/leweb-ce-qu-a-vraiment-dit-arnaud-montebourg-sur-l-innovation-et-les-vieux-business.html
- http://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2013/05/economist-explains-18
- http://www.hbrfrance.fr/chroniques-experts/2015/03/6521-votre-entreprise-est-elle-menacee-duberisation/
- https://hbr.org/2013/01/from-zipcar-to-the-sharing-eco
- http://www.businessinsider.com/the-on-demand-economy-2014-7?IR=T
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/377f7054-81ef-11e4-b9d0-00144feabdc0.html#axzz47Ww9XFCk
- http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21573104-internet-everything-hire-rise-sharing-economy
- http://theweek.com/articles/538659/hidden-cost-ondemand-economy
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/a90562aa-20c4-11e5-ab0f-6bb9974f25d0.html#axzz42FoXdgVE
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharing_economy
- http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/04/01/uberization-uber-of-everything_n_6971752.html
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/063c1176-d29a-11e5-969e-9d801cf5e15b.html#axzz42v8Czyxy
- http://lexicon.ft.com/Term?term=disruptive-innovation
- http://www.lemonde.fr/entreprises/article/2015/09/30/amazon-invente-flex-le-travail-a-la-demande_4777417_1656994.html
- http://www.reuters.com/article/us-amazon-com-logistics-flex-idUSKCN0VR00O
- http://www.strategy-business.com/article/14886?gko=c7ef4
- https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronétaire
- http://manueldiaz.fr/connaissez-vous-la-kodakisation/
- http://www.frenchweb.fr/uberisation-du-business-et-taxisation-de-la-relation-client/226621
- http://www.oezratty.net/wordpress/2015/eviter-uberiseration-1/
- http://www.wsj.com/articles/uber-meets-its-match-in-france-1442592333
- http://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2013/05/economist-explains-18
- http://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2014/10/27/lets-uberize-the-entire-economy/#383baf712bbf
- http://www.syntec-numerique.fr/publication/conjoncture-perspectives-2015-2016 http://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2015/04/29/pour-que-la-finance-devienne-notre-amie_4624993_3232.html
- https://www.weforum.org/pages/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-by-klaus-schwab/
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA)
103933044
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0103933044
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 吳文傑zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Wu, Jacken_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 歐谷國zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) González, Victoren_US
dc.creator (作者) 歐谷國zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) González, Victoren_US
dc.date (日期) 2016en_US
dc.date.accessioned 9-Aug-2016 10:49:36 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 9-Aug-2016 10:49:36 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 9-Aug-2016 10:49:36 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0103933044en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/99794-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 103933044zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Uberization: an all-in-one concept in vogue that synthesizes both the best and the worse from the latest economic and technological revolutions. It symbolizes a brand (Uber), a way of doing business (Uberize), a way of going out of business (being Uberized) and, perhaps most importantly, constant change. Not surprisingly most of the experts who have tried to define it appeal almost instinctively to the Schumpeterian notion of creative destruction as a useful precedent. Uberization is sometimes confused with other concepts such as sharing or collaborative economies, or even with disruptive technologies; but it is none, while at the same time encompasses them all.

The purpose of this paper, more than simply defining or differentiating what the concept actually stands for, will be to try to illustrate what the major consequences of Uberization are on the real economy. Some precedents will be analyzed so as to understand its origin, evolution and future of Urbanization. The analysis will depart from the economic and technological fields, through a literary review; will subsequently extend to a concrete sector (riding), in a particular country (France), via qualitative examination (interviews and conferences); and will finally present some conclusive quantitative data (study cases) that will facilitate a wider comprehension of the phenomenon.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Acknowledgments………………………………………… 2
Executive summary………………………………………… 3
Table of contents………………………………………… 4
Introduction………………………………………… 5
I. Research question……………………………………………… 5
II. Research hypothesis……………………………………………… 6
III. Literary review & methodology

1. Conceptual framework………………………………………… 8
I. The economic, managerial & technological terminology……………………………………………… 8
a) Economy……………………………………………… 8
b) Management & technology ……………………………………………... 16

2. Critical historical review & evolution………………………………………… 22
I. The political-economy analysis……………………………………………… 22
a) Creative Destruction from the Classics’ perspective……………………………………………... 22
b) The price to pay for economic progress……………………………………………… 28
II. The technological factor review ……………………………………………… 36
a) Exponential technological advancements ……………………………………………… 37
b) Technology vs jobs……………………………………………… 42

3. Uberization in practice:
Study case in France………………………………………… 48
I. Socio-political context & impressions……………………………………………… 48
a) Digitalization à la France……………………………………………… 48
b) Qualitative & quantitative research……………………………………………… 57
c) Back to initial questions
& case study analysis……………………………………………… 69
d) Conclusion……………………………………………… 81

Final remarks………………………………………… 83
Bibliography………………………………………… 85
List of figures and tables………………………………………… 89
Annexes………………………………………… 91		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1666427 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0103933044en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 創造性破壞zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 工業革命與一般用途科技zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Uber化與破壞性創新zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 立即性與分享經濟zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 技術位移與技能偏向型技術變化zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Creative Destructionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Industrial Revolutions and General Purpose Technologiesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Uberization and Disruptive Innovationsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) On-demand and Sharing Economiesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Technological Displacement and Skill-Biased Technical Changeen_US
dc.title (題名) 經濟體Uber化與Uber化經濟、起源、演進與勞動市場的後果:對法國的整體影響效果zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Uberization of the Economy and the Economics of Uberization. Origins, Evolution and Consequences in the Labor Market: The Case of Franceen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Printed:

- BENEDIKT, Carl and Michael Osborne. The Future of Employment: How Susceptible are Jobs to computerisation? In: http://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/downloads/academic/The_Future_of_Employment.pdf Consulted on April 2016.
- BRYNJOLFSSON, Erik and Andrew MCAFEE (2011), Race Against the Machine. How the Digital Revolution is Accelerating Innovation, Driving Productivity, and Irreversibly Transforming Employment and the Economy, Digital Frontier Press, Lexington, Massachusetts, 92pp.
- BRYNJOLFSSON, Erik and Andrew MCAFEE (2014), The Second Machine Age. Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies, W. W. Northon & Company, Inc., New York, 306pp.
- CHRISTENSEN, Clayton M. & Michael E. RAYNOR (2003), The Innovator’s Solution. Creating and Sustaining Successful Growth, Harvard Business Review Press, Boston, Massachusetts, 2003, 301pp.
- COHEN, Daniel (2015), Le monde est clos et le désir infinit, Albin Michel, Paris, 219pp.
- DANIEL, Jean-Marc (2010), Histoire vivante de la pensée économique, Pearson, Paris, 423pp.
- FERRY, Luc (2015), L’innovation destructrice, Champs actuel-Flammarion, Paris, 107pp.
- FORD, Martin, Rise of the Robot. Technology and the Threat of a Jobless Future, Basic Books, New York, 2014, 334pp.
- STIGLITZ, Joseph E (2015). The Great Divide, Allen Lane-Penguin, US, 428pp.
- MÉDA, Dominique (1995), Le travail. Une valeur en voie de disparition ? Champs actuel-Flammarion, Paris, 395pp.
- RIFKIN, Jeremy (2006), La fin du travail, Éditions La Découverte, Paris, 460pp.
- SCHUMPETER, Joseph A., Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, Harper Perennial Modern Thought edition, New York, 2008, 425pp.
- TEBOUL, Bruno & Thierry PICARD (2015), Uberisation = Économie déchirée ? Editions kawa. France, 81pp.
- THIEL, Peter & Blake MASTERS (2014), Zero to One. Notes on Startups or How to Build the Future, Penguin Random House, London, 195pp.

Study cases:

- BENEDIKT Frey, Carl and Michael A. Osborne (2013), The Future of Employment: How Susceptible are Jobs to Computerisation? http://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/downloads/academic/The_Future_of_Employment.pdf
- ELIA (2016), Les Français et l’Ubérisation. http://www.uberisation.org/sites/default/files/les-francais-et-uberisation-etude-elia.pdf
- Deloitte University Press (2015), Patterns of Disruption. Anticipating Disruptive Strategies in a World of Unicorns, Black Swans, and Exponentials. http://www.uberisation.org/sites/default/files/dup-1098_patterns-of-disruption_vfinal_deloitte_0.pdf
- Capgemini Consulting (2016), Ubérisation de l’économie : d’après le sondage OpinionWay mené pour Capgemini Consulting, les Français sont prêts à partager données personnelles pour obtenir des services de meilleure qualité.
https://www.fr.capgemini-consulting.com/sites/default/files/cp_cc_sondage_opinion_way_les_francais_et_luberisation_de_leconomie_vf.pdf
- Capgemini Consulting (2016), Ubériser votre business. Une transformation inévitable.
https://www.fr.capgemini-consulting.com/resource-file-access/resource/pdf/journal_of_marketing_revolution_5.pdf
- France Stratégie (2016), L’avenir du travail : quelles redéfinitions de l’emploi, des statuts et des protections ?
http://www.strategie.gouv.fr/sites/strategie.gouv.fr/files/atoms/files/ddt-avenir-travail-10-03-2016-final_0.pdf

Online:

- http://www.syntec-numerique.fr
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/62f2737e-6210-11e5-9846-de406ccb37f2.html#axzz47nyFMOlB
- http://www.uberisation.org/fr
- http://www.atelier.net/trends/articles/uberisation-de-economie-b2b-mort-vive-c2b_436808
- http://www.numerama.com/startup/uber
- http://bfmbusiness.bfmtv.com/entreprise/les-taxis-prennent-la-mesure-de-la-puissance-d-uber-874170.html
- http://www.theverge.com/2015/6/26/8852461/paris-uber-protest-interviews-uberpop-taxi-drivers
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/8a6f1084-7295-11e5-a129-3fcc4f641d98.html#axzz47nyFMOlB
- http://www.wsj.com/articles/uber-meets-its-match-in-france-1442592333#:I-D1Ze7oOU6MPA
- http://6t.fr/blog/etude-inedite-sur-limpact-duber-sur-la-mobilite-des-utilisateurs/
- http://transports.blog.lemonde.fr/2015/09/21/les-chiffres-qui-expliquent-pourquoi-uber-cartonne/
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/bf3d0444-e129-11e5-9217-6ae3733a2cd1.html#axzz47nyFMOlB
- http://transports.blog.lemonde.fr/2014/12/10/a-quoi-sert-vraiment-une-autolib/
- http://www.liberation.fr/debats/2016/02/26/stop-a-l-uberisation-de-la-societe_1435702
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/c5e367b2-a96f-11e5-955c-1e1d6de94879.html#axzz47nyFMOlB
- http://www.france24.com/fr/20160317-france-loi-travail-manifestations-paris-jeunes-syndicats-etudiants-reportage
- http://www.leparisien.fr/flash-actualite-economie/taxis-contre-vtc-l-etat-s-engage-a-racheter-les-licences-des-taxis-qui-le-souhaitent-04-04-2016-5686371.php
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/bf3d0444-e129-11e5-9217-6ae3733a2cd1.html#axzz47nyFMOlB
- http://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2015/06/26/de-quoi-l-uberisation-est-elle-le-nom_4662261_4355770.html
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/489cf62a-9f2e-11e4-a849-00144feab7de.html#axzz47nyFMOlB
- http://www.latribune.fr/entreprises-finance/services/transport-logistique/debat-taxis-bleus-uber-une-pax-urbana-en-vue-entre-taxis-et-vtc-564127.html
- http://www.forbes.com/sites/jacobmorgan/2015/12/17/are-uber-airbnb-and-other-sharing-economy-businesses-good-for-america/#2eeba1fff696
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/65fb6b8c-8314-11e5-8095-ed1a37d1e096.html#axzz47nyFMOlB
- http://www.paristechreview.com/2015/09/23/uber-extension-domaine-marche/
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/1fbef27e-022b-11e6-ac98-3c15a1aa2e62.html#axzz47nyFMOlB
- http://www.theguardian.com/travel/2015/feb/27/paris-becomes-airbnbs-top-home-sharing-city-destination
- http://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2015/04/29/pour-que-la-finance-devienne-notre-amie_4624993_3232.html
- http://www.challenges.fr/economie/20131213.CHA8393/leweb-ce-qu-a-vraiment-dit-arnaud-montebourg-sur-l-innovation-et-les-vieux-business.html
- http://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2013/05/economist-explains-18
- http://www.hbrfrance.fr/chroniques-experts/2015/03/6521-votre-entreprise-est-elle-menacee-duberisation/
- https://hbr.org/2013/01/from-zipcar-to-the-sharing-eco
- http://www.businessinsider.com/the-on-demand-economy-2014-7?IR=T
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/377f7054-81ef-11e4-b9d0-00144feabdc0.html#axzz47Ww9XFCk
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- https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronétaire
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- http://www.syntec-numerique.fr/publication/conjoncture-perspectives-2015-2016 http://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2015/04/29/pour-que-la-finance-devienne-notre-amie_4624993_3232.html
- https://www.weforum.org/pages/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-by-klaus-schwab/		zh_TW