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題名 日本電力產業的管制體制改革
The Regulatory Reform of Electricity Sector in Japan作者 王鴻儒
Wang, Hung Ru貢獻者 蔡中民
Tsai, Chung Min
王鴻儒
Wang, Hung Ru關鍵詞 日本
電力產業
管制改革
Japan
Electricity Sector
Regulatory Reform日期 2016 上傳時間 9-Aug-2016 11:56:34 (UTC+8) 摘要 本文主要目的在於以日本的電力產業為案例，探討東亞國家的經濟管制改革經驗，有鑒於日本在電力產業管制的失靈導致了電力零售市場自由化效果有限及人為安全管制疏失造成福島核災，本研究要回答的問題是：如何解釋日本電力產業的管制失靈？在福島核災的影響下，為何核電安全與電力市場管制體系出現不同程度的制度變遷？透過檔案與文獻資料的分析，作者發現制度設計的瑕疵是管制失靈的主因，而在鐵三角網絡的運作下造成的管制俘虜也可以解釋為什麼會產生這些制度。在福島核災後，由於主要行為者的偏好並未改變，因此核電安全管制的改革效果有限，在電力市場自由化改革方面，由於行為者的合作模式受到挑戰，METI與用電大戶的企業一起促成電力市場制度改革。
The main purpose of this thesis is to study the experience of regulatory reform in East Asia. By examining Japan’s electricity industry, this thesis answers the question that how to explain the regulatory failure in the power sector in Japan, including the government failed to establish a competitive electricity market and to prevent the 311 disaster in Fukushima. This thesis also illustrates the various impacts of Fukushima tragedy on the nuclear safety regulations and the structure of electricity market in Japan. Based on the research findings, the author argues that the failure in regulations results from the flawed institutions which were formulated through “regulatory capture” done by the interaction among “iron triangle” in the electricity sector. After the nuclear disaster, the vested interests did not shift their preference in the nuclear industry, which led to the limited reform in nuclear safety regulations. The structure of electricity market has changed better than nuclear safety regulations because of the competition-oriented policies implemented by METI.參考文獻 王京明、杜家雯與郭婷瑋，2008，《電業自由化改革之國際間比較與評鑑》，台北：中華經濟研究院。左重慶，2015，〈日本電業自由化之發展趨勢、影響與啟示（上）〉，《台電月刊》，631，http://tpcjournal.taipower.com.tw/article/index/id/188。戒能一成，2007，〈電力自由化はいかなる効果をもったか〉，載於《規制改革の経済分析 : 電力自由化のケース.スタディ》，八田達夫,田中誠主編，東京都 : 日本経済新聞出版社。経済産業省，2013，〈電力システム改革専門委員会報告書〉，経済産業省，電力システム改革専門委員会，http://www.meti.go.jp/committee/sougouenergy/sougou/denryoku_system_kaikaku/pdf/report_002_01.pdf。陳敦源，2001，〈新制度論的範圍與方法：一個理性選擇觀點的方法論檢視〉，《行政暨政策學報》3: 129-184。朝日新聞特別報導部，2014，《原発利権を追う 電力をめぐるカネと権力の構造》，東京都：朝日新聞出版社。歐宏麟、林伯相與高志宏，2010，〈電價調整機制及電力市場自由化制度研習報告〉，《行政院及所屬各機關出國報告書》，公務出國報告資訊網：http://open.nat.gov.tw/reportwork。蔡中民，2014，〈論政府管制：一個政治經濟學的觀點〉，《政治學報》，57: 31-51。Amable, Bruno and Stefano Palombarini. 2009. “A Neorealist Approach to Institutional Change and The Diversity of Capitalism.” Socio-Economic Review 7: 123–143.Aoki, Masahiko, Kevin Murdock, and Masahiro Okuno-Fujiwara. 1998. “Beyond The East Asian Miracle: Introducing the Market-Enhancing View”. In The Role of Government in East Asian Economic Development: Comparative Institutional Analysis, eds. Masahiko Aoki, Hyung-Ki Kim, and Masahiro Okuno-Fujiwara. Clarendon Press: Oxford.Aoki, Masahiko. 2001. Toward a Comparative Institutional Analysis. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.Asano, Hiroshi. 2006. “Regulatory reform of the electricity industry in Japan: What is the next step of deregulation?” Energy Policy 34(16): 2491–2497.Capoccia, Giovanni and R. Daniel Kelemen. 2007. “The Study of Critical Junctures: Theory, Narrative, and Counterfactuals in Historical Institutionalism.” World Politics 59(3): 341-369.Carlile, Lonny E. and Mark C. Tilton. 1998a. “Regulatory Reform and the Developmental State”.In Is Japan Really Changing Its Ways? Regulatory Reform and the Japanese Economy, eds. Lonny E. Carlile and Mark C. Tilton. Brookings Institution Press: Washington, D.C.Carlile, Lonny E. and Mark C. Tilton. 1998b. “Is Japan Really Changing?”. In Is Japan Really Changing Its Ways? Regulatory Reform and the Japanese Economy, eds. Lonny E. Carlile and Mark C. Tilton. Brookings Institution Press: Washington, D.C.Colignon, Richard A. and Chikako Usui. 2003. Amakudari: The Hidden Fabric of Japan`s Economy. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.Dal Bó, Ernesto. 2006. “Regulatory Capture: A Review.” Oxford Review of Economic Policy 22(2): 203-225.Electricity System Reform Expert Subcommittee. 2013. Report of the Electricity System Reform Expert Subcommittee. Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI), Japan.Evans, Peter B. 1995. Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.FEPC (The Federation of Electric Power Company of Japan). 2011. Electricity Review Japan.FEPC (The Federation of Electric Power Company of Japan). 2015. Electricity Review Japan.Ferguson, Charles D. and Mark Jansson. 2013. Regulating Japanese Nuclear Power in the Wake of the Fukushima Daiichi Accident. United States of America: Federation of American Scientists.Goto, Mika and Masayuki Yajima. 2006. “A New Stage of Electricity Liberalization in Japan: Issues and Expectations”. In Electricity Market Reform: An International Perspective, eds. Fereidoon P. Sioshansi and Wolfgang Pfaffenberger. Elsevier: Amsterdam, Boston.Greif, Avner and David D. Laitin. 2004. “A Theory of Endogenous Institutional Change.” American Political Science Review 98(4):633-652. Hall, Peter A. and David Soskice. 2001. “Introduction”. In Varieties of Capitalism, eds. Peter Hall and David Soskice. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Hall, Peter A. and Kathleen Thelen. 2009. “Institutional Change in Varieties of Capitalism” Socio-Economic Review 7: 7–34.Hall, Peter A. and Rosemary C. R. Taylor. 1996. “Political Science and the Three New Institutionalisms” Political Studies 44(5): 936-957.Hayashi, Masatsugu and Larry Hughes. 2012. “The Policy Responses to The Fukushima Nuclear Accident and Their Effect on Japanese Energy Security.” Energy Policy 59: 86-101.Johnson, Chalmers A. 1982. MITI and the Japanese Miracle. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Johnson, Chalmers A. 1995. Japan: Who Governs? : The Rise of the Developmental State. New York: W. W. Norton.Jones, R. S. and M. Kim. 2013. “Restructuring the Electricity Sector and Promoting Green Growth in Japan”, OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 1069, OECD Publishing.Jordana, Jacint and David Levi-Faur. 2004. The Politics of Regulation in the Age of Governance. In The Politics of Regulation: Institutions and Regulatory Reforms for the Age of Governance, eds. Jacint jordana and David Levi-Faur. Edward Elgar: Cheltenham, UK.Kagan, Robert A. 2000. “Introduction: Comparing National Style of Regulation in Japan and the United States. Law & Policy 22(3&4): 225-244.Kingston, Jeff. 2012. “Japan’s Nuclear Village.” The Asia-Pacific Journal 10(33): No.1.Laffont, Jean-Jacques and Jean Tirole. 1991. “The Politics of Government Decision-Making: A Theory of Regulatory Capture.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 106(4): 1089-1127.Majone, Giandomenico. 1997. “From the Positive to the Regulatory State: Causes and Consequences of Changes in the Mode of Governance,” Journal of Public Policy 17(2): 139-167.METI (Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry, Japan). 2010. The Strategic Energy Plan of Japan.METI (Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry, Japan). 2015. Japan’s Electricity Market Reform and Beyond.METI. 2016. “Statement by Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry Hayashi Full Liberalization of Entry into the Electricity Retail Market.” Mizutani, Fumitoshi. 2012. Regulatory Reform of Public Utilities: The Japanese Experience. Northampton, Mass.: Edward Elgar.Moran, Michael. 2002. “Review Article: Understanding the Regulatory State” British Journal of Political Science 32: 391-413.Olson, Mancur. 1965. The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Pierson, Paul. 2000. “Increasing Returns, Path Dependence, and the Study of Politics” American Political Science Review 94(2):251-267.Polanyi, Karl. [1944] 1957. The Great Transformation. Boston: Beacon Press.Samuels, Richard J. 2013. 3.11: Disaster and Change in Japan. Ithaca, New York; London: Cornell University Press.Satoko, Onuki. 2011. “Former Fukushima Governor Sato Eisaku Blasts METI-TEPCO Alliance: “Government must accept responsibility for defrauding the people”.” The Asia-Pacific Journal 9(15): No.4.Scalise, Paul J. 2012. Hard Choices: Japan’s Post Fukushima Energy Policy in the Twenty-First Century. In Natural Disaster and Nuclear crisis in Japan: Response and Recovery after Japan’s 3/11, ed. Jeff Kingston. New York: Routledge. Stigler, George J. 1971. “The Theory of Economic Regulation.” The Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science 2(1): 2-21.The National Diet of Japan. The Fukushima Nuclear Accident Independent Investigation Commission. 2012. The Official Report of the Fukushima Nuclear Accident Independent Investigation Commission.Thelen, Kathleen. 1999. “Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Politics.” Annual Review of Political Science 2: 369-404.Vivoda, Vlado. 2014. Energy security in Japan: challenges after Fukushima. Farnham, Surrey, England; Burlington, VT: Ashgate.Vogel, Steven K. 1996. Freer Markets, More Rules: Regulatory Reform in Advanced Industrial Countries. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.Vogel, Steven K. 2006. Japan Remodeled: How Government and Industry are Reforming Japanese Capitalism. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. Watanabe, Hiroaki Richard. 2015. “Institutional Change Under Neoliberal Pressure: Japanese Regulatory Reforms in Labor and Financial Markets.” Asian Politics & Policy 7(3): 413-432.Weingast, Barry R. 1996. “Political Institutions: Rational Choice Perspectives.” In A New Handbook of Political Science, eds. Robert Goodin and Hans-Dieter Klingemann. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Weiss, Linda. 1998. The Myth of the Powerless State. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
政治學系
102252021資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102252021 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 蔡中民 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Tsai, Chung Min en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 王鴻儒 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Wang, Hung Ru en_US dc.creator (作者) 王鴻儒 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Wang, Hung Ru en_US dc.date (日期) 2016 en_US dc.date.accessioned 9-Aug-2016 11:56:34 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 9-Aug-2016 11:56:34 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 9-Aug-2016 11:56:34 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0102252021 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/99828 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 政治學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 102252021 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本文主要目的在於以日本的電力產業為案例，探討東亞國家的經濟管制改革經驗，有鑒於日本在電力產業管制的失靈導致了電力零售市場自由化效果有限及人為安全管制疏失造成福島核災，本研究要回答的問題是：如何解釋日本電力產業的管制失靈？在福島核災的影響下，為何核電安全與電力市場管制體系出現不同程度的制度變遷？透過檔案與文獻資料的分析，作者發現制度設計的瑕疵是管制失靈的主因，而在鐵三角網絡的運作下造成的管制俘虜也可以解釋為什麼會產生這些制度。在福島核災後，由於主要行為者的偏好並未改變，因此核電安全管制的改革效果有限，在電力市場自由化改革方面，由於行為者的合作模式受到挑戰，METI與用電大戶的企業一起促成電力市場制度改革。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) The main purpose of this thesis is to study the experience of regulatory reform in East Asia. By examining Japan’s electricity industry, this thesis answers the question that how to explain the regulatory failure in the power sector in Japan, including the government failed to establish a competitive electricity market and to prevent the 311 disaster in Fukushima. This thesis also illustrates the various impacts of Fukushima tragedy on the nuclear safety regulations and the structure of electricity market in Japan. Based on the research findings, the author argues that the failure in regulations results from the flawed institutions which were formulated through “regulatory capture” done by the interaction among “iron triangle” in the electricity sector. After the nuclear disaster, the vested interests did not shift their preference in the nuclear industry, which led to the limited reform in nuclear safety regulations. The structure of electricity market has changed better than nuclear safety regulations because of the competition-oriented policies implemented by METI. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 摘要 iv第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究動機與研究問題 1第二節 文獻回顧 6第三節 研究途徑與理論架構 17第四節 研究方法 21第五節 章節安排 21第二章 日本電力產業的管制背景 23第一節 電力市場管制 23第二節 核能安全管制 28第三節 小結 32第三章 電力產業管制的失敗 34第一節 電力產業特性不利於市場競爭的建立 35第二節 電力改革的時間點與改革目的 37第三節 既得利益者的策略互動形成管制俘虜 42第四節 制度設計上的瑕疵 50第五節 小結 53第四章 福島核災後的管制改革 55第一節 核能安全的管制體系改革 56第二節 電力市場自由化的改革 63第三節 小結 69第五章 結論 71第一節 研究發現與理論意涵 71第二節 研究貢獻與研究限制 75第三節 未來研究方向 76參考文獻 77 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2179051 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102252021 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 日本 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 電力產業 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 管制改革 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Japan en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Electricity Sector en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Regulatory Reform en_US dc.title (題名) 日本電力產業的管制體制改革 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Regulatory Reform of Electricity Sector in Japan en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王京明、杜家雯與郭婷瑋，2008，《電業自由化改革之國際間比較與評鑑》，台北：中華經濟研究院。左重慶，2015，〈日本電業自由化之發展趨勢、影響與啟示（上）〉，《台電月刊》，631，http://tpcjournal.taipower.com.tw/article/index/id/188。戒能一成，2007，〈電力自由化はいかなる効果をもったか〉，載於《規制改革の経済分析 : 電力自由化のケース.スタディ》，八田達夫,田中誠主編，東京都 : 日本経済新聞出版社。経済産業省，2013，〈電力システム改革専門委員会報告書〉，経済産業省，電力システム改革専門委員会，http://www.meti.go.jp/committee/sougouenergy/sougou/denryoku_system_kaikaku/pdf/report_002_01.pdf。陳敦源，2001，〈新制度論的範圍與方法：一個理性選擇觀點的方法論檢視〉，《行政暨政策學報》3: 129-184。朝日新聞特別報導部，2014，《原発利権を追う 電力をめぐるカネと権力の構造》，東京都：朝日新聞出版社。歐宏麟、林伯相與高志宏，2010，〈電價調整機制及電力市場自由化制度研習報告〉，《行政院及所屬各機關出國報告書》，公務出國報告資訊網：http://open.nat.gov.tw/reportwork。蔡中民，2014，〈論政府管制：一個政治經濟學的觀點〉，《政治學報》，57: 31-51。Amable, Bruno and Stefano Palombarini. 2009. “A Neorealist Approach to Institutional Change and The Diversity of Capitalism.” Socio-Economic Review 7: 123–143.Aoki, Masahiko, Kevin Murdock, and Masahiro Okuno-Fujiwara. 1998. “Beyond The East Asian Miracle: Introducing the Market-Enhancing View”. In The Role of Government in East Asian Economic Development: Comparative Institutional Analysis, eds. Masahiko Aoki, Hyung-Ki Kim, and Masahiro Okuno-Fujiwara. Clarendon Press: Oxford.Aoki, Masahiko. 2001. Toward a Comparative Institutional Analysis. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.Asano, Hiroshi. 2006. “Regulatory reform of the electricity industry in Japan: What is the next step of deregulation?” Energy Policy 34(16): 2491–2497.Capoccia, Giovanni and R. Daniel Kelemen. 2007. “The Study of Critical Junctures: Theory, Narrative, and Counterfactuals in Historical Institutionalism.” World Politics 59(3): 341-369.Carlile, Lonny E. and Mark C. Tilton. 1998a. “Regulatory Reform and the Developmental State”.In Is Japan Really Changing Its Ways? Regulatory Reform and the Japanese Economy, eds. Lonny E. Carlile and Mark C. Tilton. Brookings Institution Press: Washington, D.C.Carlile, Lonny E. and Mark C. Tilton. 1998b. “Is Japan Really Changing?”. In Is Japan Really Changing Its Ways? Regulatory Reform and the Japanese Economy, eds. Lonny E. Carlile and Mark C. Tilton. Brookings Institution Press: Washington, D.C.Colignon, Richard A. and Chikako Usui. 2003. Amakudari: The Hidden Fabric of Japan`s Economy. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.Dal Bó, Ernesto. 2006. “Regulatory Capture: A Review.” Oxford Review of Economic Policy 22(2): 203-225.Electricity System Reform Expert Subcommittee. 2013. Report of the Electricity System Reform Expert Subcommittee. Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI), Japan.Evans, Peter B. 1995. Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.FEPC (The Federation of Electric Power Company of Japan). 2011. Electricity Review Japan.FEPC (The Federation of Electric Power Company of Japan). 2015. Electricity Review Japan.Ferguson, Charles D. and Mark Jansson. 2013. Regulating Japanese Nuclear Power in the Wake of the Fukushima Daiichi Accident. United States of America: Federation of American Scientists.Goto, Mika and Masayuki Yajima. 2006. “A New Stage of Electricity Liberalization in Japan: Issues and Expectations”. In Electricity Market Reform: An International Perspective, eds. Fereidoon P. Sioshansi and Wolfgang Pfaffenberger. Elsevier: Amsterdam, Boston.Greif, Avner and David D. Laitin. 2004. “A Theory of Endogenous Institutional Change.” American Political Science Review 98(4):633-652. Hall, Peter A. and David Soskice. 2001. “Introduction”. In Varieties of Capitalism, eds. Peter Hall and David Soskice. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Hall, Peter A. and Kathleen Thelen. 2009. “Institutional Change in Varieties of Capitalism” Socio-Economic Review 7: 7–34.Hall, Peter A. and Rosemary C. R. Taylor. 1996. “Political Science and the Three New Institutionalisms” Political Studies 44(5): 936-957.Hayashi, Masatsugu and Larry Hughes. 2012. “The Policy Responses to The Fukushima Nuclear Accident and Their Effect on Japanese Energy Security.” Energy Policy 59: 86-101.Johnson, Chalmers A. 1982. MITI and the Japanese Miracle. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Johnson, Chalmers A. 1995. Japan: Who Governs? : The Rise of the Developmental State. New York: W. W. Norton.Jones, R. S. and M. Kim. 2013. “Restructuring the Electricity Sector and Promoting Green Growth in Japan”, OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 1069, OECD Publishing.Jordana, Jacint and David Levi-Faur. 2004. The Politics of Regulation in the Age of Governance. In The Politics of Regulation: Institutions and Regulatory Reforms for the Age of Governance, eds. Jacint jordana and David Levi-Faur. Edward Elgar: Cheltenham, UK.Kagan, Robert A. 2000. “Introduction: Comparing National Style of Regulation in Japan and the United States. Law & Policy 22(3&4): 225-244.Kingston, Jeff. 2012. “Japan’s Nuclear Village.” The Asia-Pacific Journal 10(33): No.1.Laffont, Jean-Jacques and Jean Tirole. 1991. “The Politics of Government Decision-Making: A Theory of Regulatory Capture.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 106(4): 1089-1127.Majone, Giandomenico. 1997. “From the Positive to the Regulatory State: Causes and Consequences of Changes in the Mode of Governance,” Journal of Public Policy 17(2): 139-167.METI (Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry, Japan). 2010. The Strategic Energy Plan of Japan.METI (Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry, Japan). 2015. Japan’s Electricity Market Reform and Beyond.METI. 2016. “Statement by Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry Hayashi Full Liberalization of Entry into the Electricity Retail Market.” Mizutani, Fumitoshi. 2012. Regulatory Reform of Public Utilities: The Japanese Experience. Northampton, Mass.: Edward Elgar.Moran, Michael. 2002. “Review Article: Understanding the Regulatory State” British Journal of Political Science 32: 391-413.Olson, Mancur. 1965. The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Pierson, Paul. 2000. “Increasing Returns, Path Dependence, and the Study of Politics” American Political Science Review 94(2):251-267.Polanyi, Karl. [1944] 1957. The Great Transformation. Boston: Beacon Press.Samuels, Richard J. 2013. 3.11: Disaster and Change in Japan. Ithaca, New York; London: Cornell University Press.Satoko, Onuki. 2011. “Former Fukushima Governor Sato Eisaku Blasts METI-TEPCO Alliance: “Government must accept responsibility for defrauding the people”.” The Asia-Pacific Journal 9(15): No.4.Scalise, Paul J. 2012. Hard Choices: Japan’s Post Fukushima Energy Policy in the Twenty-First Century. In Natural Disaster and Nuclear crisis in Japan: Response and Recovery after Japan’s 3/11, ed. Jeff Kingston. New York: Routledge. Stigler, George J. 1971. “The Theory of Economic Regulation.” The Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science 2(1): 2-21.The National Diet of Japan. The Fukushima Nuclear Accident Independent Investigation Commission. 2012. The Official Report of the Fukushima Nuclear Accident Independent Investigation Commission.Thelen, Kathleen. 1999. “Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Politics.” Annual Review of Political Science 2: 369-404.Vivoda, Vlado. 2014. Energy security in Japan: challenges after Fukushima. Farnham, Surrey, England; Burlington, VT: Ashgate.Vogel, Steven K. 1996. Freer Markets, More Rules: Regulatory Reform in Advanced Industrial Countries. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.Vogel, Steven K. 2006. Japan Remodeled: How Government and Industry are Reforming Japanese Capitalism. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. Watanabe, Hiroaki Richard. 2015. “Institutional Change Under Neoliberal Pressure: Japanese Regulatory Reforms in Labor and Financial Markets.” Asian Politics & Policy 7(3): 413-432.Weingast, Barry R. 1996. “Political Institutions: Rational Choice Perspectives.” In A New Handbook of Political Science, eds. Robert Goodin and Hans-Dieter Klingemann. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Weiss, Linda. 1998. The Myth of the Powerless State. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. zh_TW
