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題名 工資、房價及氣候與空氣品質之價值
Wage, Rents, and the value of climate and air quality
作者 陳宜慶
Chen, Yi Qing
貢獻者 蕭代基
Shaw, Dai Gee
陳宜慶
Chen,Yi Qing
關鍵詞 特徵價格法
特徵工資法
氣候與空氣品質之價值
hedonic price method
hedonic wage method
value of climate and air quality
日期 2016
上傳時間 9-Aug-2016 11:59:31 (UTC+8)
摘要   近年來全球氣候變遷劇烈、空氣汙染十分嚴重,對自然生態與人類社會帶來愈來愈顯著的影響,人們對於生活之環境品質重視度逐漸提高,故本研究之目的為估計台灣地區氣候與空氣品質之價值,可供政府作為氣候變遷與環境保護政策之參考。本研究使用民國97年至100年之住宅需求動向調查與人力運用調查資料,以特徵價格法與特徵工資法之結合理論,將房屋交易市場區分為台北都會區、台中都會區、高雄都會區三個市場,勞動市場則視為全台灣單一市場,採用半對數模型以最小平方法進行迴歸分析,藉此計算各都會區環境品質之邊際隱含價格,進而估計出環境品質之逆需求函數,進行台灣地區氣候與空氣品質之價值評估,並同時與僅包含房價之特徵價格估計結果進行比較。
       由本研究之實證結果可得知,僅包含房價之特徵價格估計結果皆產生低估環境品質價值之狀況,因此應以包含房價與工資之特徵價格進行價值評估較為適當,根據估計之氣候與空氣品質改善效益顯示,台灣地區之家計單位偏好冬暖夏涼且空氣清新之地區,當一月均溫上升攝氏0.1度時,家計單位平均可增加新台幣6,175元之效益,當七月均溫下降攝氏0.1度時,家計單位平均可增加新台幣7,285元之效益,而當懸浮微粒濃度降低1微克/立方公尺時,家計單位平均可增加新台幣255元之效益,亦可看出由於全球暖化現象日益嚴重,造成全球之平均氣溫逐漸上升,夏季愈來愈炎熱,因此產生七月平均氣溫下降所帶來之效益較大的現象。
  The increasingly aggravating phenomenon of global climate change and air pollution will affect the behavior of both households and firms in several ways. The purpose of this study is to estimate the value of climate and air quality, which people are concerning about, and provide information to policy makers. In this research, we use the Taiwan Housing Demand Survey data and the Taiwan Labor Force Survey data, both from 2008 to 2011, and we divide the housing market into three major metropolises including Taipei, Taichung, and Kaohsiung, treating the labor market as a single market. This study uses the semi-logarithmic model and OLS method to estimate the hedonic price and wage regressions, and we calculate the marginal implicit prices of each environment variable. We then estimate the inverse demand functions of each environment variable using their marginal implicit prices respectively, and evaluate households’ benefits when the improvement of climate or air quality. Then the results are compared with the results which use the hedonic price model only.
       From the empirical results, we find that using the combined model to evaluate households’ benefits is more appropriate than using the hedonic price model only, which underestimates the households’ benefits. The empirical results indicate that Taiwan households appear to prefer warmer winter, cooler summer, and better air quality. Every household will get NT$ 6,175 benefit on average from a 0.1 degree Celsius higher January temperature, NT$ 7,285 benefit on average from a 0.1 degree Celsius lower July temperature, and NT$ 255 benefit on average from 1 lower 〖"PM" 〗_10. We also find that the benefit from lower July temperature is more than others, because of the rising earth’s surface temperature that make people concern about the effects of global warming.
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     內政部營建署,2009,98 年住宅需求動向調查(AB170004)【原始數據】。取自中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心調查研究專題中心學術調查研究資料庫。
     內政部營建署,2010,99 年住宅需求動向調查(AB170004)【原始數據】。取自中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心調查研究專題中心學術調查研究資料庫。
     內政部營建署,2011,100 年住宅需求動向調查(AB170004)【原始數據】。取自中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心調查研究專題中心學術調查研究資料庫。
     行政院主計處,2010,97年人力運用調查(AA020031)【原始數據】。取自中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心調查研究專題中心學術調查研究資料庫。
     行政院主計處,2010,98年人力運用調查(AA020032)【原始數據】。取自中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心調查研究專題中心學術調查研究資料庫。
     行政院主計處,2011,99年人力運用調查(AA020033)【原始數據】。取自中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心調查研究專題中心學術調查研究資料庫。
     行政院主計處,2012,100年人力運用調查(AA020034)【原始數據】。取自中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心調查研究專題中心學術調查研究資料庫。
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
經濟學系
103258037
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0103258037
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 蕭代基zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Shaw, Dai Geeen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳宜慶zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chen,Yi Qingen_US
dc.creator (作者) 陳宜慶zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chen, Yi Qingen_US
dc.date (日期) 2016en_US
dc.date.accessioned 9-Aug-2016 11:59:31 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 9-Aug-2016 11:59:31 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 9-Aug-2016 11:59:31 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0103258037en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/99834-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 經濟學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 103258037zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要)   近年來全球氣候變遷劇烈、空氣汙染十分嚴重,對自然生態與人類社會帶來愈來愈顯著的影響,人們對於生活之環境品質重視度逐漸提高,故本研究之目的為估計台灣地區氣候與空氣品質之價值,可供政府作為氣候變遷與環境保護政策之參考。本研究使用民國97年至100年之住宅需求動向調查與人力運用調查資料,以特徵價格法與特徵工資法之結合理論,將房屋交易市場區分為台北都會區、台中都會區、高雄都會區三個市場,勞動市場則視為全台灣單一市場,採用半對數模型以最小平方法進行迴歸分析,藉此計算各都會區環境品質之邊際隱含價格,進而估計出環境品質之逆需求函數,進行台灣地區氣候與空氣品質之價值評估,並同時與僅包含房價之特徵價格估計結果進行比較。
       由本研究之實證結果可得知,僅包含房價之特徵價格估計結果皆產生低估環境品質價值之狀況,因此應以包含房價與工資之特徵價格進行價值評估較為適當,根據估計之氣候與空氣品質改善效益顯示,台灣地區之家計單位偏好冬暖夏涼且空氣清新之地區,當一月均溫上升攝氏0.1度時,家計單位平均可增加新台幣6,175元之效益,當七月均溫下降攝氏0.1度時,家計單位平均可增加新台幣7,285元之效益,而當懸浮微粒濃度降低1微克/立方公尺時,家計單位平均可增加新台幣255元之效益,亦可看出由於全球暖化現象日益嚴重,造成全球之平均氣溫逐漸上升,夏季愈來愈炎熱,因此產生七月平均氣溫下降所帶來之效益較大的現象。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要)   The increasingly aggravating phenomenon of global climate change and air pollution will affect the behavior of both households and firms in several ways. The purpose of this study is to estimate the value of climate and air quality, which people are concerning about, and provide information to policy makers. In this research, we use the Taiwan Housing Demand Survey data and the Taiwan Labor Force Survey data, both from 2008 to 2011, and we divide the housing market into three major metropolises including Taipei, Taichung, and Kaohsiung, treating the labor market as a single market. This study uses the semi-logarithmic model and OLS method to estimate the hedonic price and wage regressions, and we calculate the marginal implicit prices of each environment variable. We then estimate the inverse demand functions of each environment variable using their marginal implicit prices respectively, and evaluate households’ benefits when the improvement of climate or air quality. Then the results are compared with the results which use the hedonic price model only.
       From the empirical results, we find that using the combined model to evaluate households’ benefits is more appropriate than using the hedonic price model only, which underestimates the households’ benefits. The empirical results indicate that Taiwan households appear to prefer warmer winter, cooler summer, and better air quality. Every household will get NT$ 6,175 benefit on average from a 0.1 degree Celsius higher January temperature, NT$ 7,285 benefit on average from a 0.1 degree Celsius lower July temperature, and NT$ 255 benefit on average from 1 lower 〖"PM" 〗_10. We also find that the benefit from lower July temperature is more than others, because of the rising earth’s surface temperature that make people concern about the effects of global warming.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
     第一節 研究動機與目的 1
     第二節 研究對象、方法與範圍 4
     第三節 研究流程 6
     第二章 文獻回顧 8
     第一節 環境品質價值估計方法 8
     第二節 以特徵價格法與特徵工資法同時估計之相關文獻回顧 25
     第三章 理論架構 28
     第一節 特徵價值評估之結合理論 28
     第二節 特徵價值評估之應用方法 33
     第四章 資料與變數說明 36
     第一節 資料說明 36
     第二節 資料處理 38
     第三節 變數說明 43
     第四節 變數基本敘述統計 57
      
     第五章 實證模型分析 61
     第一節 模型設定 61
     第二節 估計結果分析 68
     第三節 逆需求函數之估計 79
     第四節 氣候與空氣品質之價值評估 89
     第六章 結論與建議 95
     第一節 結論 95
     第二節 問題與建議 98
     參考文獻 100
     中文部分 100
     英文部分 102
     附錄 105
zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1841384 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0103258037en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 特徵價格法zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 特徵工資法zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 氣候與空氣品質之價值zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) hedonic price methoden_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) hedonic wage methoden_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) value of climate and air qualityen_US
dc.title (題名) 工資、房價及氣候與空氣品質之價值zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Wage, Rents, and the value of climate and air qualityen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 內政部營建署,2008,97 年住宅需求動向調查(AB170004)【原始數據】。取自中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心調查研究專題中心學術調查研究資料庫。
     內政部營建署,2009,98 年住宅需求動向調查(AB170004)【原始數據】。取自中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心調查研究專題中心學術調查研究資料庫。
     內政部營建署,2010,99 年住宅需求動向調查(AB170004)【原始數據】。取自中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心調查研究專題中心學術調查研究資料庫。
     內政部營建署,2011,100 年住宅需求動向調查(AB170004)【原始數據】。取自中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心調查研究專題中心學術調查研究資料庫。
     行政院主計處,2010,97年人力運用調查(AA020031)【原始數據】。取自中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心調查研究專題中心學術調查研究資料庫。
     行政院主計處,2010,98年人力運用調查(AA020032)【原始數據】。取自中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心調查研究專題中心學術調查研究資料庫。
     行政院主計處,2011,99年人力運用調查(AA020033)【原始數據】。取自中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心調查研究專題中心學術調查研究資料庫。
     行政院主計處,2012,100年人力運用調查(AA020034)【原始數據】。取自中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心調查研究專題中心學術調查研究資料庫。
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