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題名 文官中立能力價值的實踐 以易淹水地區水患治理計畫為例
The Practice of Neutral Competence in Civil Service A Case Study of Flood-Prone Area Management Plan作者 湯琳翔 貢獻者 陳敦源
湯琳翔關鍵詞 中立能力
中立性
專業主義
公正性
易淹水地區水患治理計畫
Neutral competence
Neutrality
Professionalism
Impartiality
Flood-prone area management plan日期 2016 上傳時間 2-Sep-2016 00:23:44 (UTC+8) 摘要 古今中外的任何政體都需要仰賴一個以專業為核心的文官系統,才能使主權者的各類偏好,能夠確實地轉化成政策,並且以符合經濟與效率的方式執行,方能獲致治理的績效。專業官僚系統存在的意義,就是為了使有限的公共資源,能夠符合效率及效能或其他客觀標準在社會上進行權威性的配置。而在多元民主政體中,除了同樣需要專業之外,為了避免文官系統的專業能力被政黨或特定團體所控制,造成公共資源的配置被黨派私利過度地扭曲,因而產生了文官「中立能力」價值的呼籲。在中立能力這個帶有規範性色彩的價值引導下,常任文官的事務系統與政黨為主的政務系統間,從人事制度到政策過程,都經由某些制度設計,區隔出了一定的距離,避免了官僚系統被政黨完全掌握。然而,中立能力這個以確保官僚系統能夠維持專業為目的的價值,在我國卻被窄化為文官與行政機關不應涉入選舉與政黨活動的「行政中立」概念,而忽略了這些制度設計背後更重要的目的,討論的範圍也被限縮在行政中立法上,而沒能處理到政策過程以及官僚系統在組織管理與運作的部分。本研究有兩個主要的目的,首先,在理論與概念的層次上,經由檢閱歐美民主國家對於中立能力概念的理論與實證研究,嘗試為國內對中立能力此一尚屬陌生卻又影響深遠的概念重新聚焦深化。其次,在實證研究的資料累積上,透過「易淹水地區水患治理計畫」這個政策個案,深度訪談水利署與地方政府水利單位官員,輔以官方報告、報章雜誌等次級資料的比對,探索在真實複雜的政策個案中,文官與行政組織能否實踐以專業為核心的中立能力價值,又是什麼樣的因素或是制度設計能夠確保其維持中立。本研究最終發現,在理論與概念的層次上,中立能力價值又能夠區分為兩項內涵,分別是居於核心的專業主義以及作為指導與外界互動界面上的公正性。而在實證的政策個案研究上,易淹水地區水患治理計畫經由「以流域為整體單位的規劃報告」,嚴格要求工程的施作必須符合規劃中的整體性與急迫性,並且建立起從中央到地方對於工程施作的三級審核制度,使得治水工程的預算經費配置大致符合了專業的客觀標準,並且在近年的歷次颱風水患中發揮效用。在此個案中,專業規劃的報告與審查制度確保了中立能力的實踐與政策的果效。 參考文獻 王光旭(2010)。行政中立的過去、現在與未來。T&D飛訊,107,1-19。余致力(2000)。論公共行政在民主治理過程中的正當角色:黑堡宣言的內涵、定位與啟示。公共行政學報,4,1-29。李翰林(2008)。民間聯盟參與1410億治水預算審查─政治機會結構的觀點。臺灣民主季刊,5(4),87-128。范玫芳、張簡妙琳(2014)。科學知識與水政治:旗山溪治水爭議之個案研究。人文及社會科學集刊,26(1),133-173。許濱松(1996)。文官制度與行政中立的設計與建立。政策月刊,18,18-19。陳向明(2002)。社會科學質的研究(初版)。台北:五南。陳宜君(2011)。行政中立制度之研究─以公務人員行政中立法為中心。國立中正大學法律學系碩士學位論文,未出版,嘉義。陳敦源(2009)。民主治理:公共行政與民主政治的制度性調和(初版)。台北:五南。陳敦源、呂佳螢(2009)。政治與行政的二分與重整?台灣文官態度與行為的實證分析。台灣公共行政暨公共事務系所聯合會(TASPPA)年會,高雄。陳德禹(1993)。公共行政人員中立的理論與實際(上)。人事月刊,16(1),5-10。黃東益(2013)。從價值差異到夥伴關係—政務官事務官的互動管理。台北:五南。經濟部水利署(2005)。易淹水地區水患治理綱要計畫,2005年7月5日,取自http://www.wra.gov.tw/public/Data/5122610151571.pdf。經濟部水利署(2015)。易淹水地區水患治理計畫第3階段實施計畫執行情形及績效報告,2015年1月,取自http://file.wra.gov.tw/public/Data/5116162302.pdf。審計部(2011)。中央政府易淹水地區水患治理計畫第2期特別決算審核報告,2011年7月28日,取自:http://www.audit.gov.tw/ezfiles/0/1000/attach/80/pta_657_424 2473_73477.pdf。審計部(2014)。中央政府易淹水地區水患治理計畫第3期特別決算審核報告,2014年7月29日,取自:http://www.audit.gov.tw/ezfiles/0/1000/attach/53/pta_1646_50 54073_13271.pdf。潘淑滿(2003)。質性研究:理論與應用(初版)。台北:心理。蔡良文(2003)。人事行政學:論現行考銓制度(二版)。台北:五南。鄭國泰(2009)。證據為基礎的政策研究-理論與實務分析。台北:唐山。Ali, H., Lim, H. & Len, P. 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國立政治大學
公共行政學系
98256021資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098256021 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 陳敦源 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) 湯琳翔 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) 湯琳翔 zh_TW dc.date (日期) 2016 en_US dc.date.accessioned 2-Sep-2016 00:23:44 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 2-Sep-2016 00:23:44 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Sep-2016 00:23:44 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0098256021 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/101157 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 公共行政學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 98256021 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 古今中外的任何政體都需要仰賴一個以專業為核心的文官系統,才能使主權者的各類偏好,能夠確實地轉化成政策,並且以符合經濟與效率的方式執行,方能獲致治理的績效。專業官僚系統存在的意義,就是為了使有限的公共資源,能夠符合效率及效能或其他客觀標準在社會上進行權威性的配置。而在多元民主政體中,除了同樣需要專業之外,為了避免文官系統的專業能力被政黨或特定團體所控制,造成公共資源的配置被黨派私利過度地扭曲,因而產生了文官「中立能力」價值的呼籲。在中立能力這個帶有規範性色彩的價值引導下,常任文官的事務系統與政黨為主的政務系統間,從人事制度到政策過程,都經由某些制度設計,區隔出了一定的距離,避免了官僚系統被政黨完全掌握。然而,中立能力這個以確保官僚系統能夠維持專業為目的的價值,在我國卻被窄化為文官與行政機關不應涉入選舉與政黨活動的「行政中立」概念,而忽略了這些制度設計背後更重要的目的,討論的範圍也被限縮在行政中立法上,而沒能處理到政策過程以及官僚系統在組織管理與運作的部分。本研究有兩個主要的目的,首先,在理論與概念的層次上,經由檢閱歐美民主國家對於中立能力概念的理論與實證研究,嘗試為國內對中立能力此一尚屬陌生卻又影響深遠的概念重新聚焦深化。其次,在實證研究的資料累積上,透過「易淹水地區水患治理計畫」這個政策個案,深度訪談水利署與地方政府水利單位官員,輔以官方報告、報章雜誌等次級資料的比對,探索在真實複雜的政策個案中,文官與行政組織能否實踐以專業為核心的中立能力價值,又是什麼樣的因素或是制度設計能夠確保其維持中立。本研究最終發現,在理論與概念的層次上,中立能力價值又能夠區分為兩項內涵,分別是居於核心的專業主義以及作為指導與外界互動界面上的公正性。而在實證的政策個案研究上,易淹水地區水患治理計畫經由「以流域為整體單位的規劃報告」,嚴格要求工程的施作必須符合規劃中的整體性與急迫性,並且建立起從中央到地方對於工程施作的三級審核制度,使得治水工程的預算經費配置大致符合了專業的客觀標準,並且在近年的歷次颱風水患中發揮效用。在此個案中,專業規劃的報告與審查制度確保了中立能力的實踐與政策的果效。 zh_TW dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究背景 1第二節 研究動機 7第三節 研究目的 10第四節 研究問題 12第二章 文獻回顧 13第一節 中立能力的意義與起源 13第二節 中立能力的本質:公正性和專業主義 19第三節 為何與如何保障中立能力 43第四節 政策個案:8年1160億治水預算 55第五節 小結 62第三章 研究方法 65第一節 研究設計 65第二節 研究方法 69第三節 研究流程 73第四章 研究分析 77第一節 治水預算的成效 78第二節 治水政策中的專業 90第三節 如何保持中立 99第五章 結論 113第一節 研究發現與討論 113第二節 延伸研究建議 118參考文獻 121附錄 126一、期中報告審查意見及回覆 126二、公務人員行政中立法 128三、水患治理特別條例 131四、易淹水地區水患治理計畫大事紀 134五、經濟部辦理流域綜合治理計畫建立民眾參與機制注意事項 136六、水利署第五河川局流域綜合治理計畫諮詢小組委員名單 145七、訪談內容 146 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2927087 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098256021 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中立能力 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中立性 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 專業主義 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公正性 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 易淹水地區水患治理計畫 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Neutral competence en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Neutrality en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Professionalism en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Impartiality en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Flood-prone area management plan en_US dc.title (題名) 文官中立能力價值的實踐 以易淹水地區水患治理計畫為例 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Practice of Neutral Competence in Civil Service A Case Study of Flood-Prone Area Management Plan en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王光旭(2010)。行政中立的過去、現在與未來。T&D飛訊,107,1-19。余致力(2000)。論公共行政在民主治理過程中的正當角色:黑堡宣言的內涵、定位與啟示。公共行政學報,4,1-29。李翰林(2008)。民間聯盟參與1410億治水預算審查─政治機會結構的觀點。臺灣民主季刊,5(4),87-128。范玫芳、張簡妙琳(2014)。科學知識與水政治:旗山溪治水爭議之個案研究。人文及社會科學集刊,26(1),133-173。許濱松(1996)。文官制度與行政中立的設計與建立。政策月刊,18,18-19。陳向明(2002)。社會科學質的研究(初版)。台北:五南。陳宜君(2011)。行政中立制度之研究─以公務人員行政中立法為中心。國立中正大學法律學系碩士學位論文,未出版,嘉義。陳敦源(2009)。民主治理:公共行政與民主政治的制度性調和(初版)。台北:五南。陳敦源、呂佳螢(2009)。政治與行政的二分與重整?台灣文官態度與行為的實證分析。台灣公共行政暨公共事務系所聯合會(TASPPA)年會,高雄。陳德禹(1993)。公共行政人員中立的理論與實際(上)。人事月刊,16(1),5-10。黃東益(2013)。從價值差異到夥伴關係—政務官事務官的互動管理。台北:五南。經濟部水利署(2005)。易淹水地區水患治理綱要計畫,2005年7月5日,取自http://www.wra.gov.tw/public/Data/5122610151571.pdf。經濟部水利署(2015)。易淹水地區水患治理計畫第3階段實施計畫執行情形及績效報告,2015年1月,取自http://file.wra.gov.tw/public/Data/5116162302.pdf。審計部(2011)。中央政府易淹水地區水患治理計畫第2期特別決算審核報告,2011年7月28日,取自:http://www.audit.gov.tw/ezfiles/0/1000/attach/80/pta_657_424 2473_73477.pdf。審計部(2014)。中央政府易淹水地區水患治理計畫第3期特別決算審核報告,2014年7月29日,取自:http://www.audit.gov.tw/ezfiles/0/1000/attach/53/pta_1646_50 54073_13271.pdf。潘淑滿(2003)。質性研究:理論與應用(初版)。台北:心理。蔡良文(2003)。人事行政學:論現行考銓制度(二版)。台北:五南。鄭國泰(2009)。證據為基礎的政策研究-理論與實務分析。台北:唐山。Ali, H., Lim, H. & Len, P. 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