學術產出-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

Citation Infomation

  • No doi shows Citation Infomation
題名 跨國集團品牌併購動機與併後整合行動之研究
The Research of Brands Mergers and Acquisitions Motives and Post Merger Integration Activities in Multinational Corporations
作者 郭于瑄
Kuo, Yu Hsuan
貢獻者 于卓民
Yu, Chow Ming
郭于瑄
Kuo, Yu Hsuan
關鍵詞 併購
併購動機
併購整合行動
品牌併購
L`Oreal
LVMH
Mergers
Acquisitions
Motives
M&A
Post Merger Integration
Brands
日期 2016
上傳時間 20-Sep-2016 11:43:20 (UTC+8)
摘要 自1980年代起,全球的併購活動開始熱絡,而近期在2010年後,市場上亦出現一波整併風潮,全球約有7000件併購案,總計高達2.7兆美金,且隨著這波全球化的併購風潮,精品產業也從百家爭鳴演變至今成為少數大集團鼎立局面。尤其在精品業與化妝品這兩個產業中,透過併購取得品牌公司以及相關資源,成為跨國企業在成熟市場將近飽和的狀態下,拓展其事業與推動成長,普遍使用的品牌建立方式之一。
     
      本研究以兩間跨國集團(L’Oréal萊雅集團和LVMH集團)之過去併購品牌公司的總體策略、影響併購因素與兩個近五年內的新併購個案來探討兩個研究問題:(1) 哪些因素影響企業併購品牌公司之動機? (2)企業併購品牌公司後之整合行動為何?透過綜合分析了解影響其併購的因素,以及其主併方與被併方之整併動機與主併方於併購完成後三年內所採取的行動與策略。
     
      研究結果發現,企業併購品牌公司的動機主要是為了追求成長、截長補短、擴大經營領域與快速進入新市場,而影響企業併購品牌公司動機的因素,主要受到主併公司總體併購策略影響;另外,被併方的部分,影響是否被併的因素主要受到環境、自己本身的成長潛力以及主併方的資源與條件。而在併後整合行動方面,併購後對於品牌的整合都採取保留以及個別品牌策略,並慢慢對品牌的定位進行調整。另外,將被併方的經營團隊納入主併方中有助於後續整合的進行。
第一章 緒論 1
     第一節 研究背景與動機 1
     第二節 研究問題與目的 2
     第三節 研究流程與章節介紹 3
     第二章 文獻探討 6
     第一節 併購定義與形態 6
     第二節 併購動機與影響併購之因素 11
     第三節 併後整合行動 24
     第三章 研究方法 30
     第一節 研究架構 30
     第二節 研究方法與資料搜集方法 31
     第四章 個案分析 36
     第一節 L`ORÉAL萊雅集團2006年至2014年之併購分析 36
     第二節 LVMH集團2006年至2014年之併購分析 47
     第三節 L’ORÉAL萊雅集團併購美即控股公司之分析 60
     第四節 LVMH集團併購寶格麗BULGARI之分析 72
     第五節 綜合分析與比較 86
     第五章 結論與建議 98
     第一節 研究結論 98
     第二節 管理意涵 101
     第三節 研究限制與未來研究建議 103
     參考文獻 106
參考文獻 1. Bloomberg Businessweek(2015),「歐萊雅想在中國變年輕」,Bloomberg Businessweek第 2015-7 期。
     2. Hsu, S. & Huang E (2015),「點亮台北!Bulgari巨型Serpenti蛇形燈飾閃耀盤據101大樓」,截取自:VOGUE http://www.vogue.com.tw/feature/travel/content-21508.html
     3. MoneyDJ理財網(2014),「美即控股國際有限公司」,截取自:http://www.moneydj.com/KMDJ/Wiki/wikiViewer.aspx?keyid=939434c3-ff75-47a5-8c86-9a550aabfb8e
     4. Sina新浪財經(2011),「LVMH60億美金購到“郎情妾意”」,截取自:http://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/20110313/02199519896.shtml
     5. 世界腕錶雜誌(2014),第99期,寶格麗 高端製錶年代,第58-60頁.
     6. 付希娟(2014),「歐萊雅收購美即獲商務部批准」,京華時報,2014年1月14日。
     7. 付希娟(2014),「歐萊雅品牌“加減法”:停止卡尼爾在華業務」,中國新聞,2014年1月8日。
     8. 司徒達賢(2001),策略管理新論,台北:智勝文化。
     9. 李秉真(2015),「併購大亨L’Oréal的美麗事業—淺談萊雅集團策略」,截取自:維京人酒吧https://vikingbar.org/2015/12/併購大亨L’Oréal的美麗事業—淺談萊雅集團策略/
     10. 李凌、周瑩、文芳、毛學麟(2008),「LVMH 併購大王」,新財富,Vol. 200802。
     11. 周歡(2015),「借力歐萊雅領先科技 美即面膜專研中心揭開神秘面紗」,截取自:品觀網http://www.hzpgc.com/article/content/2414
     12. 品牌世家(2016),「歐萊雅整合收官 美即啟動新品牌升級計劃」,截取自:http://fashion.ppsj.com.cn/2015-5-15/4867751114.html
     13. 宦艷紅(2014),「小護士被歐萊雅收購后幾近消失 外界質疑美即未來」,截取自:Sina金融理財http://finance.sina.com/bg/economy/sinacn/20140306/1607982983.html
     14. 范博宏、張天健(2011),「從LVMH整合奢侈品牌看創始家族的功成身退」,截取自:新財富http://www.p5w.net/newfortune/jctj/201106/t3660760.htm
     15. 徐恆功(2000),「策略購併後整合模式之研究—以資訊業為例」,國立政治大學企業管理研究所博士論文。
     16. 第一財經(2014),「美即首席執行官佘雨原:“外嫁”歐萊雅是補足能力」,截取自:http://www.yicai.com/news/4022032.html
     17. 壹讀(2015),「原研哉設計:國內知名面膜品牌美即啟用新LOGO」,截取自:https://read01.com/Rd80g.html
     18. 華麗志(2014),「近距離看 LVMH 集團如何整改鐘錶珠寶業務」,截取自:http://luxe.co/post/4475/
     19. 黃愛倫(2008),「跨國企業併購建立品牌之研究」,政治大學智慧財產研究所論文。
     20. 新財富(2011),「伯納德-阿諾特併購打造奢侈品帝國LVMH的中國支點」,2011年第4期。
     
     英文文獻
     1. Aaker, D.A. (1991), Managing Brand Equity:Capitalizing on the Value of Brand Name, New York:Free Press.
     2. Adolph, G., J. Pettit, et al. (2009). Merge Ahead: Mastering the Five Enduring Trends of Artful M&A, India: McGraw-Hill Professional.
     3. Amihud ,Y. , B. Lev and N. G. Travlos (1983), “Corporate Control and the Choice of Investment Financing :The Case of Corporate Acquisitions”, Journal of Finance 45 , pp. 603-616.
     4. Andrei, S. & Vishny, R. W. (1988), “Value Maximization and the Acquisition Process”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol.2, No.1(Winter), pp.7-20.
     5. Arrow, K. J. (1975), “Vertical Intergration and Communication”, Bell Journal of Economic, 6, (Spring), pp. 173-183.
     6. Ashkenas, R. N. & Francis, S. C. (2000), “Intergration Managers: Special Leaders for Special Times” , Harvard Business Review, pp. 10-16.
     7. Bernstein S. C. (2012), “The empire of desire”, The Economist, June 2nd , Retrived from http://www.economist.com/node/21556270
     8. Born, P. (2008), “L’Oreal Gains YSL Beaute”, Retrived from WWD.com http://wwd.com/beauty-industry-news/financial/loreal-gains-ysl-beaute-1892463/
     9. Bower, J. L. (2001), "Not all M&As are alike--and that matters." Harvard Business Review 79(3): 92.
     10. Brgham, E. F. & Gapanski, L. C. (1991), Financial Management Theory and Practice. 6th edition, The Dryden Press.
     11. Buckley, P.J. and Casson, M.C. (1976), The Future of the Multinational Enterprise, Homes & Meier: London.
     12. Capron, L. & Bertrand, O. (2014), “Going Abroad in Search of Higher Productivity at Home” Harvard Business Review.
     13. Cogman, D., & Sivertsen, C. B. (2011). “A return to deal making in 2010.”, Retrieved from http://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/strategy-and-corporate-finance/our-insights/a-return-to-deal-making-in-2010
     14. Cooke, T. E. (1986), Merger and Acquisition, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
     15. Drucker, P. E. (1981), “Five rules for sucessful acquisition”, The Wall Street Journal, 15(Oct), pp. 28.
     16. Farguhar, P.H. (1990), “Managing Brand Equity”, Journal of Advertising Research, 30(4), pp.7-12.
     17. Farinha, R. (2012), “Mergers & Acquisitions The case of LVMH and BVLGARI”, CATÓLICA-LISBON.
     18. Financial Times (2011), “L’Oréal buys Urban Decay cosmetics brand”, Retrived from https://next.ft.com/content/5427f052-37b2-11e2-8edf-00144feabdc0
     19. Fubini, D. (2000), “After the merger”, The McKinsey Quarterly, No. 4, pp.4-5.
     20. Gall, M. D., W. R. Borg, J. P. Gall (1996), Educational Research: An Introduction, 8th Edition, New York: Longman.
     21. Glueck, William F. (1979), Business Policy: Strategy formation and management action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
     22. Harding, D. & Rouse, T. (2007). “Human Due Diligence”, Harvard Business Review, April, p.124-131.
     23. Haspeslagh, P. and D. E. Jemison (1991), Managing Acquisitions: Creating Value Through Corporate Renewal, New York: The Free Press.
     24. Henderson, J. C. (1989). Building and sustaining partnership between line and I/S managers: [Cambridge, Mass.] : Management in the 1990s, Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
     25. Herriott, R.E. and Firestone, W.A. (1983), Multisite qualitative policy research: Optimizing description and generalizability. Educational Research, 12, pp. 14-19.
     26. Holderness, C. G. and Sheehan, D. P. (1985), “Raiders or saviors? The evidence on six controversial investors.”, Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 14, pp. 555-579.
     27. Howell, R. A. (1970). “Plan to integrate your acquisitions.”, Harvard Business Review ,48(6), pp. 66-76.
     28. IMAA. (2016). “M&A in China”, Retrieved from IMAA https://imaa-institute.org/m-and-a-in-china/
     29. Jeb Gleason-Allured (2011), “L`Oréal Completes Clarisonic Company Acquisition”, Retrived from GCI http://www.gcimagazine.com/business/marketers/acquisitions/135863278.html
     30. Jensen, M. C. (1986), “Agency Costs of Free Cash Flow, Corporate Finance and Takeover”, American Economic Review, Vol.76, No. 2(May), pp. 323-329.
     31. Kalpič, Brane. (2008). "Why bigger is not always better: the strategic logic of value creation through M&As." Journal of Business Strategy 29(6), pp. 4-13.
     32. Kitching, J. (1967). “Why Do Merger Miscarry?”, Harvard Business Review, 45, pp. 84-101
     33. L’Oreal Annual Reports(2006, 2010, 2014), Retrived from L’Oreal Website.
     34. L’Oreal, Retrieved from http://www.loreal-finance.com/eng/
     35. Lee, G. K. and M. B. Lieberman (2010). "Acquisition vs. internal development as modes of market entry." Strategic Management Journal 31(2): 140-158.
     36. Lewellen, W.G. (1971), “A Pure Financial Rationale for The Conglomerate Merger”, Journal of finance, Vol. 26, Issue 2, pp.521-537.
     37. LVMH (2012), “Letter to shareholders – March 2012”, Retrived from LVMH https://r.lvmh-static.com/uploads/2014/10/letter-to-shareholders-march-2012.pdf
     38. LVMH Annual Reports(2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2014), Retrived from LVMH Website.
     39. LVMH, Retrieved from https://www.lvmh.com/
     40. Manne, H. G. (1965), “Mergers and Markets for Coporate Control”, Journal of Political Economic, 73(April), pp.110-120.
     41. Marks, M. L., P. H. Mirvis, et al. (2001). "Making Mergers and Acquisitions Work: Strategic and Psychological Preparation [and Executive Commentary]." The Academy of Management Executive (1993-2005), pp. 80-94.
     42. MergerMarket. (2012). Buying into Luxury A study on M&A activity in the luxury and premium consumer goods industry. Retrieved from http://mergermarketgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Michel-Dyens-Co-report_FINAL-LR.pdf
     43. Mueller, D. C. (1969), “A Theory of Conglomerate Mergers”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, (83), pp. 643-659.
     44. Nambisan, S. and M. Sawhney (2007). "A buyer`s guide to the innovation bazaar." Harvard Business Review 85(6), pp. 109.
     45. Nations, U. and N. Y. a. Geneva (2001)., World Investment Report 2000: Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions and Development., New York and Geneva: United Nations.
     46. Premium Beauty News(2012), “L’Oréal acquires 100% of Cadum”, Retrived from http://www.premiumbeautynews.com/en/l-oreal-acquires-100-of-cadum,4059
     47. Regan, J. (2014), “LVMH Watches and Jewelry Head Trapani to Step Down”, Retrived from Business of Fashion https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/news-analysis/lvmh-watches-jewelry-head-trapani-step
     48. Roll, R. (1986), “The Hubris Hypothesis of Corporate Takeover” Journal of Business, Vol. 59, No. 2(April), pp. 197-216.
     49. Smith, K.W., and A. Triantis, (1994). “The Value of Options in Strategic Acquisitions,” in L. Trigeorgis (ed.), Real Options in Capital Investment: Models, Strategies, and Applications (New York, NY: Praeger).
     50. Spektorov et al. (2012), “The Global Diamond Industry: Portrait of growth”, Bain report, Retrived from Bain & Company http://www.bain.com/publications/articles/global-diamond-industry-portrait-of-growth.aspx
     51. Tauber, E.M. (1988),“Brand leverage:Strategy for growth in a cost-control world”, Journal of Advertising Research, 28, pp.26-31.
     52. The Economist (2013), “Hidden predators”, Retrived from http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21580519-most-countries-no-longer-let-firms-build-up-unseen-stakes-hidden-predators
     53. Tushman, M. L., & O’Reily, C. A. (1997). Winning through innovation: A practical guide to leading organizational change and renewal. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
     54. Waldeck, A. et al. (2011), “The New M&A Playbook” Harvard Business Review.
     55. Weston, J. F. et al. (1998), Takeovers, Restucturing, and Corporate Governance, 2nd edition, NY:Prentice-Hall.
     56. Weston, J. F., K. S. Chung, S. E. Hoang (1990), Mergers Restucturing, and Corporate Control, NY: Free Press.
     57. Williamson, O. E. (1975), Merkets and Hierachies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications, NY:Prentice-Hall.
     58. Yannopoulos, G. N. (1983), “The growth of transnational banking. In M. Casson (Ed.)”, The Growth of International Business, London: George Allen and Unwin, pp. 236-257.
     59. Yin, R. K. (1994), "The Case Study as a Serious Research Strategy", Knowledge:Creation, Diffusion, Utilization, Washington, D.C.: The Case Study Institute, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 97-114.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
企業管理研究所(MBA學位學程)
103363033
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0103363033
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 于卓民zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Yu, Chow Mingen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 郭于瑄zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Kuo, Yu Hsuanen_US
dc.creator (作者) 郭于瑄zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Kuo, Yu Hsuanen_US
dc.date (日期) 2016en_US
dc.date.accessioned 20-Sep-2016 11:43:20 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 20-Sep-2016 11:43:20 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 20-Sep-2016 11:43:20 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0103363033en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/102053-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 企業管理研究所(MBA學位學程)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 103363033zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 自1980年代起,全球的併購活動開始熱絡,而近期在2010年後,市場上亦出現一波整併風潮,全球約有7000件併購案,總計高達2.7兆美金,且隨著這波全球化的併購風潮,精品產業也從百家爭鳴演變至今成為少數大集團鼎立局面。尤其在精品業與化妝品這兩個產業中,透過併購取得品牌公司以及相關資源,成為跨國企業在成熟市場將近飽和的狀態下,拓展其事業與推動成長,普遍使用的品牌建立方式之一。
     
      本研究以兩間跨國集團(L’Oréal萊雅集團和LVMH集團)之過去併購品牌公司的總體策略、影響併購因素與兩個近五年內的新併購個案來探討兩個研究問題:(1) 哪些因素影響企業併購品牌公司之動機? (2)企業併購品牌公司後之整合行動為何?透過綜合分析了解影響其併購的因素,以及其主併方與被併方之整併動機與主併方於併購完成後三年內所採取的行動與策略。
     
      研究結果發現,企業併購品牌公司的動機主要是為了追求成長、截長補短、擴大經營領域與快速進入新市場,而影響企業併購品牌公司動機的因素,主要受到主併公司總體併購策略影響;另外,被併方的部分,影響是否被併的因素主要受到環境、自己本身的成長潛力以及主併方的資源與條件。而在併後整合行動方面,併購後對於品牌的整合都採取保留以及個別品牌策略,並慢慢對品牌的定位進行調整。另外,將被併方的經營團隊納入主併方中有助於後續整合的進行。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 第一章 緒論 1
     第一節 研究背景與動機 1
     第二節 研究問題與目的 2
     第三節 研究流程與章節介紹 3
     第二章 文獻探討 6
     第一節 併購定義與形態 6
     第二節 併購動機與影響併購之因素 11
     第三節 併後整合行動 24
     第三章 研究方法 30
     第一節 研究架構 30
     第二節 研究方法與資料搜集方法 31
     第四章 個案分析 36
     第一節 L`ORÉAL萊雅集團2006年至2014年之併購分析 36
     第二節 LVMH集團2006年至2014年之併購分析 47
     第三節 L’ORÉAL萊雅集團併購美即控股公司之分析 60
     第四節 LVMH集團併購寶格麗BULGARI之分析 72
     第五節 綜合分析與比較 86
     第五章 結論與建議 98
     第一節 研究結論 98
     第二節 管理意涵 101
     第三節 研究限制與未來研究建議 103
     參考文獻 106
-
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
     第一節 研究背景與動機 1
     第二節 研究問題與目的 2
     第三節 研究流程與章節介紹 3
     第二章 文獻探討 6
     第一節 併購定義與形態 6
     第二節 併購動機與影響併購之因素 11
     第三節 併後整合行動 24
     第三章 研究方法 30
     第一節 研究架構 30
     第二節 研究方法與資料搜集方法 31
     第四章 個案分析 36
     第一節 L`ORÉAL萊雅集團2006年至2014年之併購分析 36
     第二節 LVMH集團2006年至2014年之併購分析 47
     第三節 L’ORÉAL萊雅集團併購美即控股公司之分析 60
     第四節 LVMH集團併購寶格麗BULGARI之分析 72
     第五節 綜合分析與比較 86
     第五章 結論與建議 98
     第一節 研究結論 98
     第二節 管理意涵 101
     第三節 研究限制與未來研究建議 103
     參考文獻 106
zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0103363033en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 併購zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 併購動機zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 併購整合行動zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 品牌併購zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) L`Orealzh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) LVMHzh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Mergersen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Acquisitionsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Motivesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) M&Aen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Post Merger Integrationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Brandsen_US
dc.title (題名) 跨國集團品牌併購動機與併後整合行動之研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Research of Brands Mergers and Acquisitions Motives and Post Merger Integration Activities in Multinational Corporationsen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1. Bloomberg Businessweek(2015),「歐萊雅想在中國變年輕」,Bloomberg Businessweek第 2015-7 期。
     2. Hsu, S. & Huang E (2015),「點亮台北!Bulgari巨型Serpenti蛇形燈飾閃耀盤據101大樓」,截取自:VOGUE http://www.vogue.com.tw/feature/travel/content-21508.html
     3. MoneyDJ理財網(2014),「美即控股國際有限公司」,截取自:http://www.moneydj.com/KMDJ/Wiki/wikiViewer.aspx?keyid=939434c3-ff75-47a5-8c86-9a550aabfb8e
     4. Sina新浪財經(2011),「LVMH60億美金購到“郎情妾意”」,截取自:http://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/20110313/02199519896.shtml
     5. 世界腕錶雜誌(2014),第99期,寶格麗 高端製錶年代,第58-60頁.
     6. 付希娟(2014),「歐萊雅收購美即獲商務部批准」,京華時報,2014年1月14日。
     7. 付希娟(2014),「歐萊雅品牌“加減法”:停止卡尼爾在華業務」,中國新聞,2014年1月8日。
     8. 司徒達賢(2001),策略管理新論,台北:智勝文化。
     9. 李秉真(2015),「併購大亨L’Oréal的美麗事業—淺談萊雅集團策略」,截取自:維京人酒吧https://vikingbar.org/2015/12/併購大亨L’Oréal的美麗事業—淺談萊雅集團策略/
     10. 李凌、周瑩、文芳、毛學麟(2008),「LVMH 併購大王」,新財富,Vol. 200802。
     11. 周歡(2015),「借力歐萊雅領先科技 美即面膜專研中心揭開神秘面紗」,截取自:品觀網http://www.hzpgc.com/article/content/2414
     12. 品牌世家(2016),「歐萊雅整合收官 美即啟動新品牌升級計劃」,截取自:http://fashion.ppsj.com.cn/2015-5-15/4867751114.html
     13. 宦艷紅(2014),「小護士被歐萊雅收購后幾近消失 外界質疑美即未來」,截取自:Sina金融理財http://finance.sina.com/bg/economy/sinacn/20140306/1607982983.html
     14. 范博宏、張天健(2011),「從LVMH整合奢侈品牌看創始家族的功成身退」,截取自:新財富http://www.p5w.net/newfortune/jctj/201106/t3660760.htm
     15. 徐恆功(2000),「策略購併後整合模式之研究—以資訊業為例」,國立政治大學企業管理研究所博士論文。
     16. 第一財經(2014),「美即首席執行官佘雨原:“外嫁”歐萊雅是補足能力」,截取自:http://www.yicai.com/news/4022032.html
     17. 壹讀(2015),「原研哉設計:國內知名面膜品牌美即啟用新LOGO」,截取自:https://read01.com/Rd80g.html
     18. 華麗志(2014),「近距離看 LVMH 集團如何整改鐘錶珠寶業務」,截取自:http://luxe.co/post/4475/
     19. 黃愛倫(2008),「跨國企業併購建立品牌之研究」,政治大學智慧財產研究所論文。
     20. 新財富(2011),「伯納德-阿諾特併購打造奢侈品帝國LVMH的中國支點」,2011年第4期。
     
     英文文獻
     1. Aaker, D.A. (1991), Managing Brand Equity:Capitalizing on the Value of Brand Name, New York:Free Press.
     2. Adolph, G., J. Pettit, et al. (2009). Merge Ahead: Mastering the Five Enduring Trends of Artful M&A, India: McGraw-Hill Professional.
     3. Amihud ,Y. , B. Lev and N. G. Travlos (1983), “Corporate Control and the Choice of Investment Financing :The Case of Corporate Acquisitions”, Journal of Finance 45 , pp. 603-616.
     4. Andrei, S. & Vishny, R. W. (1988), “Value Maximization and the Acquisition Process”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol.2, No.1(Winter), pp.7-20.
     5. Arrow, K. J. (1975), “Vertical Intergration and Communication”, Bell Journal of Economic, 6, (Spring), pp. 173-183.
     6. Ashkenas, R. N. & Francis, S. C. (2000), “Intergration Managers: Special Leaders for Special Times” , Harvard Business Review, pp. 10-16.
     7. Bernstein S. C. (2012), “The empire of desire”, The Economist, June 2nd , Retrived from http://www.economist.com/node/21556270
     8. Born, P. (2008), “L’Oreal Gains YSL Beaute”, Retrived from WWD.com http://wwd.com/beauty-industry-news/financial/loreal-gains-ysl-beaute-1892463/
     9. Bower, J. L. (2001), "Not all M&As are alike--and that matters." Harvard Business Review 79(3): 92.
     10. Brgham, E. F. & Gapanski, L. C. (1991), Financial Management Theory and Practice. 6th edition, The Dryden Press.
     11. Buckley, P.J. and Casson, M.C. (1976), The Future of the Multinational Enterprise, Homes & Meier: London.
     12. Capron, L. & Bertrand, O. (2014), “Going Abroad in Search of Higher Productivity at Home” Harvard Business Review.
     13. Cogman, D., & Sivertsen, C. B. (2011). “A return to deal making in 2010.”, Retrieved from http://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/strategy-and-corporate-finance/our-insights/a-return-to-deal-making-in-2010
     14. Cooke, T. E. (1986), Merger and Acquisition, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
     15. Drucker, P. E. (1981), “Five rules for sucessful acquisition”, The Wall Street Journal, 15(Oct), pp. 28.
     16. Farguhar, P.H. (1990), “Managing Brand Equity”, Journal of Advertising Research, 30(4), pp.7-12.
     17. Farinha, R. (2012), “Mergers & Acquisitions The case of LVMH and BVLGARI”, CATÓLICA-LISBON.
     18. Financial Times (2011), “L’Oréal buys Urban Decay cosmetics brand”, Retrived from https://next.ft.com/content/5427f052-37b2-11e2-8edf-00144feabdc0
     19. Fubini, D. (2000), “After the merger”, The McKinsey Quarterly, No. 4, pp.4-5.
     20. Gall, M. D., W. R. Borg, J. P. Gall (1996), Educational Research: An Introduction, 8th Edition, New York: Longman.
     21. Glueck, William F. (1979), Business Policy: Strategy formation and management action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
     22. Harding, D. & Rouse, T. (2007). “Human Due Diligence”, Harvard Business Review, April, p.124-131.
     23. Haspeslagh, P. and D. E. Jemison (1991), Managing Acquisitions: Creating Value Through Corporate Renewal, New York: The Free Press.
     24. Henderson, J. C. (1989). Building and sustaining partnership between line and I/S managers: [Cambridge, Mass.] : Management in the 1990s, Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
     25. Herriott, R.E. and Firestone, W.A. (1983), Multisite qualitative policy research: Optimizing description and generalizability. Educational Research, 12, pp. 14-19.
     26. Holderness, C. G. and Sheehan, D. P. (1985), “Raiders or saviors? The evidence on six controversial investors.”, Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 14, pp. 555-579.
     27. Howell, R. A. (1970). “Plan to integrate your acquisitions.”, Harvard Business Review ,48(6), pp. 66-76.
     28. IMAA. (2016). “M&A in China”, Retrieved from IMAA https://imaa-institute.org/m-and-a-in-china/
     29. Jeb Gleason-Allured (2011), “L`Oréal Completes Clarisonic Company Acquisition”, Retrived from GCI http://www.gcimagazine.com/business/marketers/acquisitions/135863278.html
     30. Jensen, M. C. (1986), “Agency Costs of Free Cash Flow, Corporate Finance and Takeover”, American Economic Review, Vol.76, No. 2(May), pp. 323-329.
     31. Kalpič, Brane. (2008). "Why bigger is not always better: the strategic logic of value creation through M&As." Journal of Business Strategy 29(6), pp. 4-13.
     32. Kitching, J. (1967). “Why Do Merger Miscarry?”, Harvard Business Review, 45, pp. 84-101
     33. L’Oreal Annual Reports(2006, 2010, 2014), Retrived from L’Oreal Website.
     34. L’Oreal, Retrieved from http://www.loreal-finance.com/eng/
     35. Lee, G. K. and M. B. Lieberman (2010). "Acquisition vs. internal development as modes of market entry." Strategic Management Journal 31(2): 140-158.
     36. Lewellen, W.G. (1971), “A Pure Financial Rationale for The Conglomerate Merger”, Journal of finance, Vol. 26, Issue 2, pp.521-537.
     37. LVMH (2012), “Letter to shareholders – March 2012”, Retrived from LVMH https://r.lvmh-static.com/uploads/2014/10/letter-to-shareholders-march-2012.pdf
     38. LVMH Annual Reports(2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2014), Retrived from LVMH Website.
     39. LVMH, Retrieved from https://www.lvmh.com/
     40. Manne, H. G. (1965), “Mergers and Markets for Coporate Control”, Journal of Political Economic, 73(April), pp.110-120.
     41. Marks, M. L., P. H. Mirvis, et al. (2001). "Making Mergers and Acquisitions Work: Strategic and Psychological Preparation [and Executive Commentary]." The Academy of Management Executive (1993-2005), pp. 80-94.
     42. MergerMarket. (2012). Buying into Luxury A study on M&A activity in the luxury and premium consumer goods industry. Retrieved from http://mergermarketgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Michel-Dyens-Co-report_FINAL-LR.pdf
     43. Mueller, D. C. (1969), “A Theory of Conglomerate Mergers”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, (83), pp. 643-659.
     44. Nambisan, S. and M. Sawhney (2007). "A buyer`s guide to the innovation bazaar." Harvard Business Review 85(6), pp. 109.
     45. Nations, U. and N. Y. a. Geneva (2001)., World Investment Report 2000: Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions and Development., New York and Geneva: United Nations.
     46. Premium Beauty News(2012), “L’Oréal acquires 100% of Cadum”, Retrived from http://www.premiumbeautynews.com/en/l-oreal-acquires-100-of-cadum,4059
     47. Regan, J. (2014), “LVMH Watches and Jewelry Head Trapani to Step Down”, Retrived from Business of Fashion https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/news-analysis/lvmh-watches-jewelry-head-trapani-step
     48. Roll, R. (1986), “The Hubris Hypothesis of Corporate Takeover” Journal of Business, Vol. 59, No. 2(April), pp. 197-216.
     49. Smith, K.W., and A. Triantis, (1994). “The Value of Options in Strategic Acquisitions,” in L. Trigeorgis (ed.), Real Options in Capital Investment: Models, Strategies, and Applications (New York, NY: Praeger).
     50. Spektorov et al. (2012), “The Global Diamond Industry: Portrait of growth”, Bain report, Retrived from Bain & Company http://www.bain.com/publications/articles/global-diamond-industry-portrait-of-growth.aspx
     51. Tauber, E.M. (1988),“Brand leverage:Strategy for growth in a cost-control world”, Journal of Advertising Research, 28, pp.26-31.
     52. The Economist (2013), “Hidden predators”, Retrived from http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21580519-most-countries-no-longer-let-firms-build-up-unseen-stakes-hidden-predators
     53. Tushman, M. L., & O’Reily, C. A. (1997). Winning through innovation: A practical guide to leading organizational change and renewal. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
     54. Waldeck, A. et al. (2011), “The New M&A Playbook” Harvard Business Review.
     55. Weston, J. F. et al. (1998), Takeovers, Restucturing, and Corporate Governance, 2nd edition, NY:Prentice-Hall.
     56. Weston, J. F., K. S. Chung, S. E. Hoang (1990), Mergers Restucturing, and Corporate Control, NY: Free Press.
     57. Williamson, O. E. (1975), Merkets and Hierachies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications, NY:Prentice-Hall.
     58. Yannopoulos, G. N. (1983), “The growth of transnational banking. In M. Casson (Ed.)”, The Growth of International Business, London: George Allen and Unwin, pp. 236-257.
     59. Yin, R. K. (1994), "The Case Study as a Serious Research Strategy", Knowledge:Creation, Diffusion, Utilization, Washington, D.C.: The Case Study Institute, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 97-114.
zh_TW