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題名 阿朴嗎啡對中樞神經激胺的影響 其他題名 Effects Of Apomorphine On Central Serontonergic System 作者 王豐彬 貢獻者 李小媛
王豐彬日期 1985 上傳時間 8-Nov-2016 16:23:37 (UTC+8) 摘要 以高壓液態色層分析（HPLC）螢光測定生化分析同時量測背側縫合核及紋狀體中Tryptophan、5-HT和5-HIAA，獲知Apomorphine（3.0 mg/kg）腹腔注射後30分鐘同時提高了5-HT的合成及代謝，支持Apomorphine透過黑質的自我接受器而影響背側縫合核及紋狀體5- HT系統的假說。Apomorphine 5µg及8µg直接打入老鼠紋狀體中，都排除紋狀體DA突觸前接受器參與Apomorphine影響5-HT系統的可能性，同時也符合以前DA突觸後接受器不參與Apomorphine對5-HT影響的結果。把GA BA的專一性拮抗劑Picrotoxin在不引起肌肉痙攣的劑量下（4mg / kg）打入老鼠體內，能阻止Apomorphine在背側縫合核及紋狀體中對Tryptophan、5- HT 和5-HIAA的影響，顯示GABA也參與了Apomorphine對5-HT的影響。
序言 壹論文摘要 參第一章 導論1第一節 文獻探討1第二節 研究目的8第二章 研究方法11第一節 實驗動物11 第二節 藥品11 第三節 儀器設備－－HPLC介紹 12 第四節 手術－－腦部注射14 第五節 組織切取20 第六節 統計方法21第三章 實驗與結果23第一節 APO對5-HT影響的詳細藥理機構23 第二節 紋狀體DA突觸前接受器在APO對5-HT影響上所扮演的角色24 第三節 GABA在APO對5-HT影響中可能扮演的角色34第四章 討論49第一節 APO對5-HT影響的詳細藥理機構49第二節 紋狀體DA突觸前接受器在APO對5-HT影響上所扮演的角色50第三節 GABA在APO對5-HT影響中可能扮演的角色52第四節 APO對5-HT影響的行為含意53第五章 結論55參考文獻57名詞對照表67圖表目次圖一 簡易神經通路4 圖二 外在標準的HPLC螢光測定生化分析圖15 圖三 背側縫合核的HPLC螢光測定生化分析圖16 圖四 尾狀核的HPLC螢光測定生化分析圖17 圖五 腹側縫合核的HPLC螢光測定生化分析圖18 圖六 海馬迴的HPLC螢光測定生化分析圖19Table 1. Effects of apomorphine (3.0mg/kg, i.p.) on monoamine neurotransmitters and their precursors in dorsal raphe 25Table 2. Effects of apomorphine (3.0mg/kg, i.p.) on monoamine neurotransmitters and their precursors in caudate 26Table 3. Effects of apomorphine (3.0mg/kg, i.p.) on monoamine neurotransmitters and their precursors in median raphe. 27Table 4. Effects of apomorphine (3.0mg/kg, i.p.) on monoamine neurotransmitters and their precursors in hippocarnpus. 28Table 5. Effects of 7 days 6-hydroxydopamine (caudate) and apomorphine (3.0mg/kg, i.p.) on monoamine neurotransmitters and their precursors in dorsal raphe. 31Table 6. Effects of 7 days 6-hydroxydopamine (caudate) and apomorphine (3.0mg/kg, i.p.) on monoamine neurotransmitters and their precursors in caudate. 32Table 7. Effects of 7 days 6-hydroxydopamine (caudate) and apomorphine (3.0mg/kg, i.p.) on monoamine neurotransmitters and their precursors in median raphe. 35Table 8 Effects of 7 days 6-hydroxydopamine (caudate) and apomorphine (3.0mg/kg, i.p.) on monoamine neurotransmitters and their precursors in hippocampus. 36Table 9. Effects of apomorphine infusion (5ug,caudate) on monoamine neurotransmitters and their precursors in dorsal raphe. 37Table 10. Effects of apomorphine infusion (5ug,caudate) on monoamine neurotransmitters and their precursors in caudate. 38Table 11. Effects of apomorphine infusion (8ug,caudate) on monoamine neurotransmitters and their precursors in dorsal raphe. 39Table 12. Effects of apomorphine infusion (8ug,caudate) on monoamine neurotransmitters and their precursors in caudate. 40Table 13. Effects of apomorphine (8ug,caudate) on monoamine neurotransmitters and their precursors in mdeian raphe. 41Table 14. Effects of apomorphine (8ug,caudate) on monoamine neurotransmitters and their precursors in hippocampus. 42Table 15. Effects of apomorphine (3.0mg/kg, i.p.)and picrotoxin (4mg/kg, i.p.) on monoamine neurotransmitters and their precursors in dorsal raphe. 45Table 16. Effects of apomorphine (3.0mg/kg, i.p.) and picrotoxin (4mg/kg, i.p.) on monoamine neurotransmitters and their precursors in caudate. 46Table 17. Effects of apomorphine (3.0mg/kg, i.p.) and picrotoxin (4mg/kg, i.p.) on monoamine neurotransmitters and their precursors in median raphe. 47Table 18. Effects of apomorphine (3.0mg/kg, i.p.) and picrotoxin (4mg/kg, i.p.) on monoamine neurotransmitters and their precursors in hippocampus. 48附圖：Histology：Dye (Methylene Blue, 3mg/ml) infusion to caudate Neutral Red Staining. 65參考文獻 1. Anden, N.E., K. Fuxe, B. Hamberger and T. Hokfelt. “A quantitative study on the nigroneostriatal dopamine neuron system in the rat.” Acta Physiol. Scand. 67(1966a) : 306-312.2. Anden, N.E., A. Rubenson, K. Fuxe and T. Hokfelt. “Evidence for dopamine receptor stimulation by apomorphine.” J. Pharm. Pharmac. 19(1967) : 627-629.3. Beckstead, R. M., V.B. Domesick and W. J. H. Nauta.“Efferent connections of the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area in the rat. ” Brain Research 175(1979) : 191-217.4. Bunney, B. S. and G.K. Aghajanian. “The precise localization of nigral afferents in the rat as determined by a retrograde tracing technique.” Brain Research 117(1976) : 423-435.5. Davis, M. and .G. K. Aghajanian. “Effects of apomorphine and haloperidol on the acoustic startle response in rats.” Psychopharmacology 47(1976) : 217-223.6. Dray, A., J. Davies, N. R. Oakley, P. Tongroach and S. Vellucci. “The dorsal and medial projections to the substantia nigra in the rat : electrophysiological, biochemical and behavioral observations.” Brain Research 151(1978) : 431-442.7. Ernst, A. M. “Mode of action of apomorphine and dexamphetamine on gnawing compulsion in rats.” Psychopharmacologia 1O(1967) : 316-323.8. Ernst, A.M. and P. G. Smelik. “Site of action of dopamine and apomorphine on compulsive gnawing behavior in rats.” Experientia 22 (1966) : 837-838.9. Fibiger, H. C. and J. J. Miller. “An anatomical and electrophysiological investigation of the serotonergic projection from the dorsal raphe nucleus to the substantia nigra in the rat.” Neuroscience 2(1977) : 975-987.10. Fuxe, K. , “Evidence for the existence of monoamine neurons in the control nervous system.” IV. Distribution of momoamine nerve terminals in central nervous system.” Acta Physiol. Scand. 64, Supple. 247(1965) : 37-85.11. Geyer, M. A., W. J. Dawsey and A. J. Mandell. “Fading: a new cytofluorimetric measure quantifying serotonin in the presence of catecholamines at the cellular level in brain.” The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 207(1978) : 650-667. 12. Grabowska, M. “Influence of apomorphine on brain serotonin turnover rate.” Pharmacology Biochemistry & Behavior 3(1975) : 589-591.13. Grabowska, M. “Butyrophenones and brain serotonin metabolism.” Pol. J. Pharmacol. Pharm. 28(1976) : 253-257.14. Grabowska, M., L. Antkiewiez, J. Maj and J. Michaluk. “Apomorphine and central serotonin neurons.” Pol. J. Pharmacol. Pharm. 25(1973) : 29-39.15. Grabowska, M. and J. Michaluk. “On the role of serotonin in apomorphine-induced locomotor stimulation in rats.” Pharmocology Biochemistry and Behavior 2(1974) : 263-266.16. Grabowska, M., R. Przewlocki, M. Smialowska. “On the direct or indirect influence of apomorphine on central serotonin neurons.” J. Pharm. pharmac. 28(1976) : 64-65.17. Hery F. , P. Soubrie, S. Bourgoin, J.L. Motastruc, F. Artaud and J. Glowinski. “Dopamine released from dendrites in the substantia nigra controls the nigral and striatal release of serotonin.” Brain Research 193(1980) : 143-151.18. Hjorth, S ., A. Carlsson, H. Wikstrom, P. Lindberg, D. Sanchez, U. Hacksell, L. E. Arvidsson, U. Svensson and J. L. G. Nilsson. “3-PPP, a new cetrally acting DA-receptor agonist with selectivity for autoreceptors,” Life Science 28(1979) : 1225.19. Konig, J. R. F. and R. A. Klippel. The Rat Brain : A Stereotaxic Atlas of the Forebrain and Lower Parts of the Brain Stem. Baltimore : Williams & Wilkins, 1963.20. Lee, E. H. Y. and M. A. Geyer. “Selective effects of apomorphine on dorsal rephe neurons : A cytofluorimetric study.” Brain Research Bulletin 9(1982) : 719-725.21. Lee, E.H.Y. and M. A. Geyer. “Similarities of the effects of apomorphine and 3-PPP on serotonin neurons. Eur J Pharmacol 94(1983) : 297-303.22. Lee, E. H. Y. and M. A. Geyer. “Indirect effects of apomorphine on serotonergic neurons in rats.” Neuroscience 11(1984) : 437-442.23. Lee, E. H. Y. and M. A. Geyer. “Dopamine auto-receptor mediation of the effects of apomorphine on serotonin neurons.” Pharmacology Biochemistry & Behavior 21(1984) : 301-311.24. Loyd, K. and O. Hornykiewicz. “Occurence and distribution of L-D0PA decarboxylase in the human brain.” Brain Research 22(1970b) : 426-428.25. Peat, M. A. and J. W. Gibb. “High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of indoleamines, dopamine and norepinephrine in rat brain with fluorometric detection. ” Analytical Biochemistry 128(1983) : 275-280.26. Pickel, V. M., T. H. Joh and D. J. Reis. “Immunocytochemical demonstration of a serotonergic innervation of catecholamine neurons in locus coeruleus and substantia nigra.” Soc Neurosci Abstr 1(1975) : 320.27. Precht, w. and M .Yoshida. “Blockage of caudateevoked inhibition of neurons in the substantia nigra by picrotoxin.” Brain Research 32(1971) : 229-233.28. Reisine, T.D., P. Soubrie, F. Artaud, and J. Glowinski. “Involvement of lateral habenula-dorsal raphe neurons in the differential regulation of striatal and nigral serotonergic transmission in cats.” The Journal of Neuroscience 2(1982) : 1062-1071.29. Sheel-Kruger, J. and E. Hasselager. “Studies of various amphetamine, apomorphine and clonidine on body temperature and brain 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism in rats.” Psychopharmacologia 36(1974) : 189-202.30. Smialowska, M. “The effects of apomorphine on serotonin neurons in dorsal raphe nucleus and catecholamine nerve terminals in paraventricular hypothalamus nucleus, histofluorescence studies.” Pol. J. Pharmac. Pharm. 27(1975) : 419-428.31. Stern, W. C., A. Johnson, J. D. Bronzino and P.J. Morgane. “Influence of electrical stimulation of the substantia nigra on spontaneous activity of raphe neurons in the anesthetized rat.” Brain Research Bulletin 4(1979) : 561-565.32. Stern, W. C., A. Johnson, J. D. Bronzino and P. J. Morgane. “Neuropharmacology of the afferent projections from the lateral habenula and substantia nigra to the anterior raphe in the rat.” Neuropharmacology 20(1981) : 979-989.33. Sutherland, R. J. “The dorsal diencephalic conduction system: a review of the anatomy and functions of the habenular complex.” Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 6(1982) : 1-13.34. Wang, R.Y. and G. K. Aghajanian. “Physiological evidence for habenula as major link between forebrain and midbrain raphe.” Science 197(1977) : 89-91.35. Winer, B. Statistical Principles in Experimental Design. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1971. 關聯 國立政治大學
心理研究所
碩士
73資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 李小媛 dc.contributor.author (Authors) 王豐彬 dc.creator (作者) 王豐彬 zh_TW dc.date (日期) 1985 dc.date.accessioned 8-Nov-2016 16:23:37 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 8-Nov-2016 16:23:37 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 8-Nov-2016 16:23:37 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/103564 - dc.description.abstract (摘要) 以高壓液態色層分析（HPLC）螢光測定生化分析同時量測背側縫合核及紋狀體中Tryptophan、5-HT和5-HIAA，獲知Apomorphine（3.0 mg/kg）腹腔注射後30分鐘同時提高了5-HT的合成及代謝，支持Apomorphine透過黑質的自我接受器而影響背側縫合核及紋狀體5- HT系統的假說。Apomorphine 5µg及8µg直接打入老鼠紋狀體中，都排除紋狀體DA突觸前接受器參與Apomorphine影響5-HT系統的可能性，同時也符合以前DA突觸後接受器不參與Apomorphine對5-HT影響的結果。把GA BA的專一性拮抗劑Picrotoxin在不引起肌肉痙攣的劑量下（4mg / kg）打入老鼠體內，能阻止Apomorphine在背側縫合核及紋狀體中對Tryptophan、5- HT 和5-HIAA的影響，顯示GABA也參與了Apomorphine對5-HT的影響。 dc.description.abstract (摘要) 序言 壹論文摘要 參第一章 導論1第一節 文獻探討1第二節 研究目的8第二章 研究方法11第一節 實驗動物11 第二節 藥品11 第三節 儀器設備－－HPLC介紹 12 第四節 手術－－腦部注射14 第五節 組織切取20 第六節 統計方法21第三章 實驗與結果23第一節 APO對5-HT影響的詳細藥理機構23 第二節 紋狀體DA突觸前接受器在APO對5-HT影響上所扮演的角色24 第三節 GABA在APO對5-HT影響中可能扮演的角色34第四章 討論49第一節 APO對5-HT影響的詳細藥理機構49第二節 紋狀體DA突觸前接受器在APO對5-HT影響上所扮演的角色50第三節 GABA在APO對5-HT影響中可能扮演的角色52第四節 APO對5-HT影響的行為含意53第五章 結論55參考文獻57名詞對照表67圖表目次圖一 簡易神經通路4 圖二 外在標準的HPLC螢光測定生化分析圖15 圖三 背側縫合核的HPLC螢光測定生化分析圖16 圖四 尾狀核的HPLC螢光測定生化分析圖17 圖五 腹側縫合核的HPLC螢光測定生化分析圖18 圖六 海馬迴的HPLC螢光測定生化分析圖19Table 1. Effects of apomorphine (3.0mg/kg, i.p.) on monoamine neurotransmitters and their precursors in dorsal raphe 25Table 2. Effects of apomorphine (3.0mg/kg, i.p.) on monoamine neurotransmitters and their precursors in caudate 26Table 3. Effects of apomorphine (3.0mg/kg, i.p.) on monoamine neurotransmitters and their precursors in median raphe. 27Table 4. Effects of apomorphine (3.0mg/kg, i.p.) on monoamine neurotransmitters and their precursors in hippocarnpus. 28Table 5. Effects of 7 days 6-hydroxydopamine (caudate) and apomorphine (3.0mg/kg, i.p.) on monoamine neurotransmitters and their precursors in dorsal raphe. 31Table 6. Effects of 7 days 6-hydroxydopamine (caudate) and apomorphine (3.0mg/kg, i.p.) on monoamine neurotransmitters and their precursors in caudate. 32Table 7. Effects of 7 days 6-hydroxydopamine (caudate) and apomorphine (3.0mg/kg, i.p.) on monoamine neurotransmitters and their precursors in median raphe. 35Table 8 Effects of 7 days 6-hydroxydopamine (caudate) and apomorphine (3.0mg/kg, i.p.) on monoamine neurotransmitters and their precursors in hippocampus. 36Table 9. Effects of apomorphine infusion (5ug,caudate) on monoamine neurotransmitters and their precursors in dorsal raphe. 37Table 10. Effects of apomorphine infusion (5ug,caudate) on monoamine neurotransmitters and their precursors in caudate. 38Table 11. Effects of apomorphine infusion (8ug,caudate) on monoamine neurotransmitters and their precursors in dorsal raphe. 39Table 12. Effects of apomorphine infusion (8ug,caudate) on monoamine neurotransmitters and their precursors in caudate. 40Table 13. Effects of apomorphine (8ug,caudate) on monoamine neurotransmitters and their precursors in mdeian raphe. 41Table 14. Effects of apomorphine (8ug,caudate) on monoamine neurotransmitters and their precursors in hippocampus. 42Table 15. Effects of apomorphine (3.0mg/kg, i.p.)and picrotoxin (4mg/kg, i.p.) on monoamine neurotransmitters and their precursors in dorsal raphe. 45Table 16. Effects of apomorphine (3.0mg/kg, i.p.) and picrotoxin (4mg/kg, i.p.) on monoamine neurotransmitters and their precursors in caudate. 46Table 17. Effects of apomorphine (3.0mg/kg, i.p.) and picrotoxin (4mg/kg, i.p.) on monoamine neurotransmitters and their precursors in median raphe. 47Table 18. Effects of apomorphine (3.0mg/kg, i.p.) and picrotoxin (4mg/kg, i.p.) on monoamine neurotransmitters and their precursors in hippocampus. 48附圖：Histology：Dye (Methylene Blue, 3mg/ml) infusion to caudate Neutral Red Staining. 65 dc.format.extent 115 bytes - dc.format.mimetype text/html - dc.relation (關聯) 國立政治大學 dc.relation (關聯) 心理研究所 dc.relation (關聯) 碩士 dc.relation (關聯) 73 dc.title (題名) 阿朴嗎啡對中樞神經激胺的影響 zh_TW dc.title.alternative (其他題名) Effects Of Apomorphine On Central Serontonergic System dc.type (資料類型) thesis dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1. Anden, N.E., K. Fuxe, B. Hamberger and T. Hokfelt. “A quantitative study on the nigroneostriatal dopamine neuron system in the rat.” Acta Physiol. Scand. 67(1966a) : 306-312.2. Anden, N.E., A. Rubenson, K. Fuxe and T. Hokfelt. “Evidence for dopamine receptor stimulation by apomorphine.” J. Pharm. Pharmac. 19(1967) : 627-629.3. Beckstead, R. M., V.B. Domesick and W. J. H. Nauta.“Efferent connections of the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area in the rat. ” Brain Research 175(1979) : 191-217.4. Bunney, B. S. and G.K. Aghajanian. “The precise localization of nigral afferents in the rat as determined by a retrograde tracing technique.” Brain Research 117(1976) : 423-435.5. Davis, M. and .G. K. Aghajanian. “Effects of apomorphine and haloperidol on the acoustic startle response in rats.” Psychopharmacology 47(1976) : 217-223.6. Dray, A., J. Davies, N. R. Oakley, P. Tongroach and S. Vellucci. “The dorsal and medial projections to the substantia nigra in the rat : electrophysiological, biochemical and behavioral observations.” Brain Research 151(1978) : 431-442.7. Ernst, A. M. “Mode of action of apomorphine and dexamphetamine on gnawing compulsion in rats.” Psychopharmacologia 1O(1967) : 316-323.8. Ernst, A.M. and P. G. Smelik. “Site of action of dopamine and apomorphine on compulsive gnawing behavior in rats.” Experientia 22 (1966) : 837-838.9. Fibiger, H. C. and J. J. Miller. “An anatomical and electrophysiological investigation of the serotonergic projection from the dorsal raphe nucleus to the substantia nigra in the rat.” Neuroscience 2(1977) : 975-987.10. Fuxe, K. , “Evidence for the existence of monoamine neurons in the control nervous system.” IV. Distribution of momoamine nerve terminals in central nervous system.” Acta Physiol. Scand. 64, Supple. 247(1965) : 37-85.11. Geyer, M. A., W. J. Dawsey and A. J. Mandell. “Fading: a new cytofluorimetric measure quantifying serotonin in the presence of catecholamines at the cellular level in brain.” The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 207(1978) : 650-667. 12. Grabowska, M. “Influence of apomorphine on brain serotonin turnover rate.” Pharmacology Biochemistry & Behavior 3(1975) : 589-591.13. Grabowska, M. “Butyrophenones and brain serotonin metabolism.” Pol. J. Pharmacol. Pharm. 28(1976) : 253-257.14. Grabowska, M., L. Antkiewiez, J. Maj and J. Michaluk. “Apomorphine and central serotonin neurons.” Pol. J. Pharmacol. Pharm. 25(1973) : 29-39.15. Grabowska, M. and J. Michaluk. “On the role of serotonin in apomorphine-induced locomotor stimulation in rats.” Pharmocology Biochemistry and Behavior 2(1974) : 263-266.16. Grabowska, M., R. Przewlocki, M. Smialowska. “On the direct or indirect influence of apomorphine on central serotonin neurons.” J. Pharm. pharmac. 28(1976) : 64-65.17. Hery F. , P. Soubrie, S. Bourgoin, J.L. Motastruc, F. Artaud and J. Glowinski. “Dopamine released from dendrites in the substantia nigra controls the nigral and striatal release of serotonin.” Brain Research 193(1980) : 143-151.18. Hjorth, S ., A. Carlsson, H. Wikstrom, P. Lindberg, D. Sanchez, U. Hacksell, L. E. Arvidsson, U. Svensson and J. L. G. Nilsson. “3-PPP, a new cetrally acting DA-receptor agonist with selectivity for autoreceptors,” Life Science 28(1979) : 1225.19. Konig, J. R. F. and R. A. Klippel. The Rat Brain : A Stereotaxic Atlas of the Forebrain and Lower Parts of the Brain Stem. Baltimore : Williams & Wilkins, 1963.20. Lee, E. H. Y. and M. A. Geyer. “Selective effects of apomorphine on dorsal rephe neurons : A cytofluorimetric study.” Brain Research Bulletin 9(1982) : 719-725.21. Lee, E.H.Y. and M. A. Geyer. “Similarities of the effects of apomorphine and 3-PPP on serotonin neurons. Eur J Pharmacol 94(1983) : 297-303.22. Lee, E. H. Y. and M. A. Geyer. “Indirect effects of apomorphine on serotonergic neurons in rats.” Neuroscience 11(1984) : 437-442.23. Lee, E. H. Y. and M. A. Geyer. “Dopamine auto-receptor mediation of the effects of apomorphine on serotonin neurons.” Pharmacology Biochemistry & Behavior 21(1984) : 301-311.24. Loyd, K. and O. Hornykiewicz. “Occurence and distribution of L-D0PA decarboxylase in the human brain.” Brain Research 22(1970b) : 426-428.25. Peat, M. A. and J. W. Gibb. “High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of indoleamines, dopamine and norepinephrine in rat brain with fluorometric detection. ” Analytical Biochemistry 128(1983) : 275-280.26. Pickel, V. M., T. H. Joh and D. J. Reis. “Immunocytochemical demonstration of a serotonergic innervation of catecholamine neurons in locus coeruleus and substantia nigra.” Soc Neurosci Abstr 1(1975) : 320.27. Precht, w. and M .Yoshida. “Blockage of caudateevoked inhibition of neurons in the substantia nigra by picrotoxin.” Brain Research 32(1971) : 229-233.28. Reisine, T.D., P. Soubrie, F. Artaud, and J. Glowinski. “Involvement of lateral habenula-dorsal raphe neurons in the differential regulation of striatal and nigral serotonergic transmission in cats.” The Journal of Neuroscience 2(1982) : 1062-1071.29. Sheel-Kruger, J. and E. Hasselager. “Studies of various amphetamine, apomorphine and clonidine on body temperature and brain 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism in rats.” Psychopharmacologia 36(1974) : 189-202.30. Smialowska, M. “The effects of apomorphine on serotonin neurons in dorsal raphe nucleus and catecholamine nerve terminals in paraventricular hypothalamus nucleus, histofluorescence studies.” Pol. J. Pharmac. Pharm. 27(1975) : 419-428.31. Stern, W. C., A. Johnson, J. D. Bronzino and P.J. Morgane. “Influence of electrical stimulation of the substantia nigra on spontaneous activity of raphe neurons in the anesthetized rat.” Brain Research Bulletin 4(1979) : 561-565.32. Stern, W. C., A. Johnson, J. D. Bronzino and P. J. Morgane. “Neuropharmacology of the afferent projections from the lateral habenula and substantia nigra to the anterior raphe in the rat.” Neuropharmacology 20(1981) : 979-989.33. Sutherland, R. J. “The dorsal diencephalic conduction system: a review of the anatomy and functions of the habenular complex.” Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 6(1982) : 1-13.34. Wang, R.Y. and G. K. Aghajanian. “Physiological evidence for habenula as major link between forebrain and midbrain raphe.” Science 197(1977) : 89-91.35. Winer, B. Statistical Principles in Experimental Design. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1971.
