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題名 型模的解析 : 以政治學研究為實例的探討
作者 倪炎元
貢獻者 易君博
倪炎元
日期 1985
上傳時間 8-Nov-2016 16:30:53 (UTC+8)
摘要 論文提要
在政治學研究中，學者間對「型模」 ( model）的討論與使用一直是個富疑義性的主題，本論文即基此一旨趣，嘗試以方法論的討論為經，政治學研究的實例為緯，分別就歷史溯源、理論分析與理論綜合的方法，對型模所涉及的諸般問題作一討論。
第一章緒論，簡介本論文研究的動機、目的、範圍與方法。
第二章以歷史溯源的方式，分別探討古典思想中的型模，以及從韋伯理念型以後類型學的發展，進而論述其與當代科學哲學觀的關係。
第三章討論型模概念的各種界說，包括其與相關概念間的澄清，以及各種分類的觀點。
第四章從發現的脈絡出發，分別就隱喻、類比、實體的抽象、概念與符號的組合等各種角度來探究研究者如何去塑造他的型模。
第五章探究型模建構者從何種特殊的觀點來透視他們所關注的政治現象，這些透視包括時間取向、分析層次、觀點取向以及價值取向等觀點。
第六章討論型模的功能與限制。
第七章結論檢討本論文的若干缺失，以及可能繼續研究的方向。
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的1
第二節 問題的界定、方法與架構5
第二章 型模的理論背景7
第一節 古典思想中的型模9
第二節 類型學的發展與型模15
第三節 自然科學觀與型模31
第三章 型模的概念43
第一節 概念的引介44
第二節 概念的澄清63
第四章 型模建構的策略77
第一節 隱喻與類比79
第二節 實體的抽象87
第三節 概念的連繫與界定93
第五章 型模建構的類型 101
第一節 時間的取向：定時／貫時103
第二節 分析層次的取向：總體／微體114
第三節 觀點的取向：主位／客位121
第六章 型模的功能與限制129
第一節 型模的功能131
第二節 型模的限制153
第七章 結語161
第一節 研究結論與檢討163
第二節 繼續研究的方向167
參考書目171
參考文獻 一、中文部分：
(1)中文著作
1.王師復 《 經濟學方法論 》 商務 民國68年。
2.江炳倫 《 政治發展的理論 》 商務 民國64年。
3.呂亞力(a) 《 政治發展與民主 》 五南 民國68年。
4.呂亞力( b) 《 政治學方法論 》 三民 民國68年4月。
5.易君博 《 政治學論文集--理論與方法 》 台灣省教育會 民國66年。
6.段家鋒、孫正豐、張世賢合編 《 論文寫作研究 》 三民 民國72年。
7.洪鎌德 《 社會科學與現代社會 》 牧童 民國65年。
8.陳義彥 《 台北市選民投票行鳥之研究--從民國69年恢復中央民意代表選舉探析 》 六國 民國71年。
9.陸民仁 《 經濟學 》 三民 民國72年
10.孫本文 《 近代社會學發展史 》 商務 民國62年。
11.楊國樞 文崇一主編 《 社會及行為科學研究的中國化 》 中研院民族所 民國71年。
12.龍冠海主編 《 社會學研究法 》 廣文 民國66年。
13.黃瑞祺 《 意識型態的探索者--曼海姆 》 允晨 民國71年。
(2)中文譯作：
1 . Inkeles , Alex著 黃文星譯 《 社會學是什麼？ 》 香草山 民國65年。
2. Merton , R , K, 等著 黃瑞祺譯 《 現代社會學結構功能論選讀 》 巨流 民國70年。
3.Spengler Oswald著 陳曉林譯 《 西方的沒落 》 桂冠 民國68年。
4.Timasheff , N. S.著 謝康譯 《 社會理論--本質與成長 》 民國 55 年 商務。
5.黃俊傑編譯 《 史學方法論叢 》 學生 民國70年。
(3)中文期刊與論文：
1.江炳倫 "比較政治研究的新趨勢" 《 東方雜誌 》 復刊第五卷第六期 民國60年6月。
2.江炳倫 "比較行政的模型與類型" 《 中國人事行政月刊 》 五卷10期中國職位分類學會 民國61年10月。
3.吳庚 "韋伯政治理論的哲學基礎" 《 社會科學論叢 》 28期 台大法學院 民國69年。
4.高承恕 "從瑪斯 • 韋伯（ Max Weber ）的再詮釋談社會史研究與社會學的關聯" 《 三民主義研究所叢刊 》 中央研究院 民國71年。
5.張漢裕 "瑪克斯 • 韋伯的社會學方法論" 《 財政經濟月刊 》 11卷2期 民國50年11月。
6.黃宣範 "隱喻的認知基礎" 《 中外文學 》 二卷五期 民國62年。
7.崔光宙 《 建構類型及其在教育理論發展之應用 》 師大教研所碩士論文未出版 民國69年。
8. Aron , Raymond 著 黃瑞祺譯 "韋伯的社會科學方法論" 《 思與言 》 18卷4期 民國69年。
9 . Weber , Max 著陳跡譯 "社會科學知識的客觀性" 《 警政研究所特刊 》 民國67年3月。
二、英文部分：
(1)英文著作：
1. Alland, Alexander, To Be Human. New York: Wiley 1980.
2. Almond, Gabriel A. and Verba, Sidney, The Civic Culture. Princeton, N.T.: Princeton University Press, 1963.
3. Almond, Gabriel A. and Powell, G. B Jr., Comparative Politics: A Developmental Approach. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1966.
4. Alston, William, Philosophy of Language. Englewood Cliffs, Prenticw-Hall, 1964.
5. Amsterdamski, Stofan, Between Experience and Metaphysics. Dordrecht: D. Ridel Publishing Company, 1975.
6. Apter, David E., Some Conceptual Approach to The Study of Modernization. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1968.
7.______, Introduction to Political analysis. Winthrop Publisher, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 1977.
8. Aron, Raymond, Main Currents In Sociological Thought. New York: Basic Book, Vol. 2, 1967.
9. Berger, Martin Green, Grenson, Matter A. and Crissey, Brian L., Models In The Policy Process. Rusall Sage Foundation, 1970.
10. Becker, Howard, Through Value To Social Interpretation . New York: Green Wood Press, 1968.
11. Bernstein, Richard J., The Restructuring of Social and Political Theory. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, New York & London, 1976.
12. Berry, J. W. and Dusen, P.R., Culture and Cognition: Reading in Cross-Cultural Phychology. London: Methuen, 1974.
13. Blalock, Hubert M., Methodology In Social Research. New York: McGrow-Hill, Inc., 1968.
14. Braithwaite, Richord, Scientific Explunation. London: Cambridge University Press, 1953.
15. Brannigan, Augustine, The Social Basis of Scientific Discoveries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981.
16.Cohen, Morris R., A Introduction To Logic And Scientific Method. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1936.
17. Connally, William E,, Political Science and Ideology New York: Atherton Press, 1967.
18. Cotgrove, Stephen, The Science of Society, London: George Allen & Unwin, 1978.
19. Dahrendorf, Ralf, Class And Class Conflict In Industrial Society. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1959.
20. Davies, Morton and Lewis, Vaaghan A., Models Of Political System. The Macmillan Press Ltd., London & Basingstoke, 1971.
21. Deutsh, Karl W., The Nerves Of Government. The Free Press, 1966.台北虹橋版，民國60年。
22. Direnzo, Gordon J., (Ed.) Concepts, Theory, and Explanation In The Behavioral Sciences
23. Doby, John T. (ed.) An Introduction To Social Research. Appleton Century-Crafts, N.Y., Meredith Publishing Company, 1967.
24. Downs, Anthony, An Encomic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harp and Row, 1965.
25. Dyke, Vernon Von, Political Science: A Philosophical Analysis. Stanford University Press, Stanford, 1960.
26. Easton, David (ed.), Varieties Of Political Theory. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Califfs, N.J., 1966.
27. Eaton, David, Political System. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1971. 台北虹橋版，民國61年。
28. Everson, David H. and Paine, Joann Poparad, An Introduction To Systemative Political Science. The Dorsey Press, Homewood, 1973.
29. Eulau, Heinz, The Behavioral Persuasion In Politics. New York: Random House, 1967.
30. ______, Micro-Macro Political Analysis. Chicago: Aldine, 1969.
31. Feigl, H. and Brodbeck M. (ed.), Readings In The Philosophy Of Science. New York: Appleton- Century-Crofts, 1953.
32. Forcese, Dennis P. and Stephen, Richer, Social Research Method. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1953.
33. Freeman, Donald M. (ed.), Foundation Of Political Science. The Free Press, New York, 1977.
34. Francis, Wayne L., Formal Models Of American Politics: An Introduction, Harper & Row, New York, 1972.
35. Frohock, Fred M., The Nature Of Political Inquiry . Homewood: The Dorsey Press, 1967.
36. Galt, Anthony H. and Smith, Larry J., Models And The Study Of Social Change. Schenkman Publishing Company, Inc., New York, 1976.
37. Garson, G. David, Handbook Of Political Science Methods. Holbrook Press Inc., Boston, 1976.
38. Golembiewski, Robert T., Walsh, William A. and Lrotty, William J., A Methodological Primer For Political Science. 台北虹橋版，民國61年。
39. Graham, G., Methodological Foundation For Political Analysis. Torento: Xerox College Publishing, 1971.
40. Greer, Scott, The Logic Of Social Inquiry. Chicago: Aldine, 1970.
41. Gregor, A. James, An Introduction To Meta politics. The Free Press, A Division Of The Macmillan Company, New York, 1971.
42. Gross, Llewellyn (ed.), Symposium On Sociological Theory. New York: Harper and Row, 1959.
43. Hanson, N. Rusesell, What I Do Not Believe, and Other Eassys. Dordrecht: Reidel Publishing, 1971.
44. Hekman, Susan J., Max Weber And Contemporary Social Theory. Notre Dame University Press, Martin Robertson Oxford, 1983.
45. Hempel, C. G., Aspects of Scientific Explanation. N. Y.: Macmillan Company, Free Press, 1983.
46. Hesse, Mary "Models and Analogy in Science", in The Encyclopedia Of Philosophy, Vol. 5, The Macmillian Co., & The Free Press.
47. Hindess, Barry, Philosophy And Methodology In The Social Science. Sussex: The Harvester Press, 1977.
48. Hodgel & Johnson, Manguage and Organization Behavior -- A Multidimentional Approach. John Wiley & Sons, 1970.
49. Holt, Robert T. and Turner, John E., The Methodology Of Comparative Research. New York: The Free Press, 1970.
50. Horst, Paul, Matrix Glgebra For Social Scientist. New York: Holt Rienart and Winston Inc., 1963.
51. Isaak, Alan C., Scope and Methods of Political Science. The Dorsey Press, Homewood, Illinois, 1975.
52. Jung, Hwa Yol, The Crisis Of Political Understanding -- A phenomenological Perspective In The Conduct Of Political Inquiry. Pittsburgh: Daguesne Press, 1979.
53. Kaplan, Abraham, The Conduct Of Inquiry. San Francisco: Chandler Publishing Co., 1964.
54. Kaplan, David & Manners, Robert A., Cultural Theory. Englewood Cliffs: N.J., Prentintall Inc., 1972.
55. Keat, Russell, Social Theory As Science. Rout-ledge & Kegan Paul Ltd., London and Boston, 1975.
56. Kuhn, T. S., The Structure Of Socientific Revolution. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1970.
57. Lakatos, I. and Musgrave, A., Criticism and The Growth Of Knowledge. London Cambridge University Press, 1970.
58. Landau, Martin, Political Theory and Political Science -- Studies In The Methodology of Political Inquiry. The Macmillan Company, New York, 1972.
59. Lasswell, Horold D. and Kaplan, Abraham, Power And Society -- A Framework For Political Inquiry, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1950.
60. Lave, Charles A. and March, James G., An Introduction To Models In The Social Science. New York: Harper & Row, 1975.
61. Layer, Robert H., Perspective On Social Change. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1973.
62. Lerner, D. & Lasswell, H. D. (ed.), The Policy Science -- Recent Development In Scope and Method. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1951.
63. Lerner, D., The Passing Of Traditional Society. New York: Free Press, 1958.
64. Lin, Nan, Foundation Of Social Research. New York: Albung, 1976.
65. Lippitt, Gordon L., Visualing Change -- Model Building and Change Process. La Jolla, Calif., University Associates, Inc., 1973.
66. Lawrence, C. Mayer, Comparative Political Inquiry -- A Methodological Survey, Homewood: The Dorcey Press, 1972.
67. Mann, Michael (ed.) , The Macmillan Student Encyclopedia Of Sociology. Macmillan Press, 1983.
68. Mckinney, John C. and Tiryakian, Edword A. (ed.), Theorical Sociology. Meredith Corp., New York, 1970.
69. McMillan, Claude and Gonzalez, Richard F., System Analysis -- A Computer Approach To Decision Models. Homewood: Richard, D. Irwin, Inc. 1973.
70. Meehan, Eugene J., Theory and Method Of Political Analysis. 台北虹橋版，民國61年。
71. Merton, Robert K., Social Theory and Social Structure. New York: The Free Press, 1957.
72. Merton, Robert K., The Sociology Of Science. Chicago: Chicago University, 1973.
73. Nachmias, David and Nachmias, Chava, Research Methods In The Social Sciences. St. Hartin`s Press, 1981.
74. Naranson, Manrice (ed.), Philosophy Of The Social Sciences: A reader, New York: Random House, 1963.
75. Parsons, Talcott, The Social System. Glence: The Free Press, 1951.
76. Palparampil, John K., Political Analysis -- Shifting Trends and Questionable Assumptions, Indid, 1976.
77. Phillips, Derek L., Anbandoning Method. Jossey-Bass, Inc., San Francisco, 1973.
78. Pike, Kinneth L., Language in Relation To A Unified Theory Of The Structure Of Human Behavior, California: Summer Institute Of Linsuistics, 1955.
79. Popper, Karl R., The Logic Of Scientific Discovery. London: Hatchinson and Company, 1959.
80. Ranney, Austine, Governing Of Man. Holt, 1971.
81. Riggs, Fred W., Administration in Developing countries: The Theory Of Prismatic Society. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1964.
82. Riley, Matilda White, Sociological Research I: A Case Approach. Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc., 1963.
83. Runder, Richard S., Philosophy Of Social Science. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliff, 1966.
84. Shils, Edward A., Political Development In The New States. Hague: Morton, 1960.
85. Simon, Herbert A., Models Of Man: Social and Rational . New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1957.
86. Sjoberg, Gideon and Nett, Roger, A Methodology For Social Research. New York: Harper & Row, 1968.
87. Stogdill, Ralph M. (ed.), The Process Of Model-Building In The Behavioral Sciences. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1970.
88. Swartz, Marc J. and Jordan, David K., Anthropology: Perspective On Human Behavior. New York: John Wiley & Son Inc., 1976.
89. Tennekes, J., Anthropology Relativism and Method. Koninklijke Von Gorcam & Comp, N. V. Assen, The Netherland, 1971.
90. Tiryakion, E. A., "Typologies," in International Encyclopedia Of Sciences. Vol. 10. N.Y.: The Macmillan Co., 1968.
91. Voget, Fred W., A History Of Ethmology. New York: Halt & Riochort and Winton, 1975.
92. Weber, Max, The Methodology Of The Social Science. Trans. by Snils, E. A. and Finch, H. A. N.Y.: The Free Press, 1949.
93. White, Leonard D. (ed.), The State Of The Social Science. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1956.
94. Whitehead, Alfred N., Science and Modern World. New American Library, 1925.
95. Wilier, David, Scientific Sociology -- Theory And Method. Prentice-Hall., Inc., Englewood Califfs, New Jersey, 1976.
96. Zeitlin, I. M., Rethinking Sociolo9y. N. Y: Meredith Corporation, 1973.
97. Zisk, Betty H., Political Research -- A Methological Sampler. D.C. Heth Company, Lexington, Massachusetts, Toronto, 1981.

(2)英文期刊與論文
1. Ake, Claude "The Scientific Status Of Political Science". The British Journal of Political Science. Vol.2, part 1. Cambridge University Press, 1972.
2. Almond, Gabriel "Political Theory and Political Science". American Political Science Review, Vol. LX, 1966.
3. Berreman, Gerald D. "An Emic and Etic Analyses In Social Anthropology" American Anthropologist, Vol. 68, No. 2, part 1, April, 1966.
4. Besher, James M., "Models and Theory Construction" American Sociological Review, Vol. 22, Feb., 1972.
5. Brown, Richard H., "Social Theory As Metaphor: On The Logic of Discovery For The Science of Conduct." Theory and Society, Vol. 3, No. 2, 1976.
6. Kemeny, Fim "Perspectives On Micro-Macro Distinction”. The Sociological Review. Vol. 24, No. 4, 1976.
7. Laponce, J. A. "Spatial Archetypes and Political Perceptions" American Political Science Review, Vol. 69, 1971.
8. Miller, Eugene F. "Metaphor and Political knowledge". The American Political Science Review, Vol. 73, 1974.
9. Odajnyk, Walter "The Political Ideas of C.G. Jung" American Political Science Review, Vol. 67, 1973.
10. Riker, William "The Future of a Science of Politics" American Behaviorist Scientist, Vol. 21, No. 1, 1977.
11. Truman, David "Disillusion and Regeneration:
The Quest For a Discipline" American Political Science Review, Vol. LIX, 1965.
12. Wolin, S. "Political Theory As a Vocation" American Political Science Review, Vol. 63, December, 1969.
13. Zaret, David "From Weber To Parsons and Shutz: The Eclipse of History In Modern Social Theory" American Journal Of Sociology, Vol. 85, No. 5, Chicago University Press, 1980.
14. Zashas, Ellior and Chapman, Phillip C. "The Use Of Metaphor and Analogy: Toward A Renewel Of Political Language." The Journal of Politics, Language." The Journal of Politics, Vol. 30, No. 2, Nay, 1975.
關聯 國立政治大學
政治研究所
碩士
73
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 易君博
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 倪炎元
dc.creator (作者) 倪炎元zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 1985
dc.date.accessioned 8-Nov-2016 16:30:53 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 8-Nov-2016 16:30:53 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 8-Nov-2016 16:30:53 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/103583-
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 論文提要
在政治學研究中，學者間對「型模」 ( model）的討論與使用一直是個富疑義性的主題，本論文即基此一旨趣，嘗試以方法論的討論為經，政治學研究的實例為緯，分別就歷史溯源、理論分析與理論綜合的方法，對型模所涉及的諸般問題作一討論。
第一章緒論，簡介本論文研究的動機、目的、範圍與方法。
第二章以歷史溯源的方式，分別探討古典思想中的型模，以及從韋伯理念型以後類型學的發展，進而論述其與當代科學哲學觀的關係。
第三章討論型模概念的各種界說，包括其與相關概念間的澄清，以及各種分類的觀點。
第四章從發現的脈絡出發，分別就隱喻、類比、實體的抽象、概念與符號的組合等各種角度來探究研究者如何去塑造他的型模。
第五章探究型模建構者從何種特殊的觀點來透視他們所關注的政治現象，這些透視包括時間取向、分析層次、觀點取向以及價值取向等觀點。
第六章討論型模的功能與限制。
第七章結論檢討本論文的若干缺失，以及可能繼續研究的方向。
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的1
第二節 問題的界定、方法與架構5
第二章 型模的理論背景7
第一節 古典思想中的型模9
第二節 類型學的發展與型模15
第三節 自然科學觀與型模31
第三章 型模的概念43
第一節 概念的引介44
第二節 概念的澄清63
第四章 型模建構的策略77
第一節 隱喻與類比79
第二節 實體的抽象87
第三節 概念的連繫與界定93
第五章 型模建構的類型 101
第一節 時間的取向：定時／貫時103
第二節 分析層次的取向：總體／微體114
第三節 觀點的取向：主位／客位121
第六章 型模的功能與限制129
第一節 型模的功能131
第二節 型模的限制153
第七章 結語161
第一節 研究結論與檢討163
第二節 繼續研究的方向167
參考書目171
dc.format.extent 115 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype text/html-
dc.relation (關聯) 國立政治大學
dc.relation (關聯) 政治研究所
dc.relation (關聯) 碩士
dc.relation (關聯) 73
dc.title (題名) 型模的解析 : 以政治學研究為實例的探討zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesis
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文部分：
(1)中文著作
1.王師復 《 經濟學方法論 》 商務 民國68年。
2.江炳倫 《 政治發展的理論 》 商務 民國64年。
3.呂亞力(a) 《 政治發展與民主 》 五南 民國68年。
4.呂亞力( b) 《 政治學方法論 》 三民 民國68年4月。
5.易君博 《 政治學論文集--理論與方法 》 台灣省教育會 民國66年。
6.段家鋒、孫正豐、張世賢合編 《 論文寫作研究 》 三民 民國72年。
7.洪鎌德 《 社會科學與現代社會 》 牧童 民國65年。
8.陳義彥 《 台北市選民投票行鳥之研究--從民國69年恢復中央民意代表選舉探析 》 六國 民國71年。
9.陸民仁 《 經濟學 》 三民 民國72年
10.孫本文 《 近代社會學發展史 》 商務 民國62年。
11.楊國樞 文崇一主編 《 社會及行為科學研究的中國化 》 中研院民族所 民國71年。
12.龍冠海主編 《 社會學研究法 》 廣文 民國66年。
13.黃瑞祺 《 意識型態的探索者--曼海姆 》 允晨 民國71年。
(2)中文譯作：
1 . Inkeles , Alex著 黃文星譯 《 社會學是什麼？ 》 香草山 民國65年。
2. Merton , R , K, 等著 黃瑞祺譯 《 現代社會學結構功能論選讀 》 巨流 民國70年。
3.Spengler Oswald著 陳曉林譯 《 西方的沒落 》 桂冠 民國68年。
4.Timasheff , N. S.著 謝康譯 《 社會理論--本質與成長 》 民國 55 年 商務。
5.黃俊傑編譯 《 史學方法論叢 》 學生 民國70年。
(3)中文期刊與論文：
1.江炳倫 "比較政治研究的新趨勢" 《 東方雜誌 》 復刊第五卷第六期 民國60年6月。
2.江炳倫 "比較行政的模型與類型" 《 中國人事行政月刊 》 五卷10期中國職位分類學會 民國61年10月。
3.吳庚 "韋伯政治理論的哲學基礎" 《 社會科學論叢 》 28期 台大法學院 民國69年。
4.高承恕 "從瑪斯 • 韋伯（ Max Weber ）的再詮釋談社會史研究與社會學的關聯" 《 三民主義研究所叢刊 》 中央研究院 民國71年。
5.張漢裕 "瑪克斯 • 韋伯的社會學方法論" 《 財政經濟月刊 》 11卷2期 民國50年11月。
6.黃宣範 "隱喻的認知基礎" 《 中外文學 》 二卷五期 民國62年。
7.崔光宙 《 建構類型及其在教育理論發展之應用 》 師大教研所碩士論文未出版 民國69年。
8. Aron , Raymond 著 黃瑞祺譯 "韋伯的社會科學方法論" 《 思與言 》 18卷4期 民國69年。
9 . Weber , Max 著陳跡譯 "社會科學知識的客觀性" 《 警政研究所特刊 》 民國67年3月。
二、英文部分：
(1)英文著作：
1. Alland, Alexander, To Be Human. New York: Wiley 1980.
2. Almond, Gabriel A. and Verba, Sidney, The Civic Culture. Princeton, N.T.: Princeton University Press, 1963.
3. Almond, Gabriel A. and Powell, G. B Jr., Comparative Politics: A Developmental Approach. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1966.
4. Alston, William, Philosophy of Language. Englewood Cliffs, Prenticw-Hall, 1964.
5. Amsterdamski, Stofan, Between Experience and Metaphysics. Dordrecht: D. Ridel Publishing Company, 1975.
6. Apter, David E., Some Conceptual Approach to The Study of Modernization. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1968.
7.______, Introduction to Political analysis. Winthrop Publisher, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 1977.
8. Aron, Raymond, Main Currents In Sociological Thought. New York: Basic Book, Vol. 2, 1967.
9. Berger, Martin Green, Grenson, Matter A. and Crissey, Brian L., Models In The Policy Process. Rusall Sage Foundation, 1970.
10. Becker, Howard, Through Value To Social Interpretation . New York: Green Wood Press, 1968.
11. Bernstein, Richard J., The Restructuring of Social and Political Theory. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, New York & London, 1976.
12. Berry, J. W. and Dusen, P.R., Culture and Cognition: Reading in Cross-Cultural Phychology. London: Methuen, 1974.
13. Blalock, Hubert M., Methodology In Social Research. New York: McGrow-Hill, Inc., 1968.
14. Braithwaite, Richord, Scientific Explunation. London: Cambridge University Press, 1953.
15. Brannigan, Augustine, The Social Basis of Scientific Discoveries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981.
16.Cohen, Morris R., A Introduction To Logic And Scientific Method. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1936.
17. Connally, William E,, Political Science and Ideology New York: Atherton Press, 1967.
18. Cotgrove, Stephen, The Science of Society, London: George Allen & Unwin, 1978.
19. Dahrendorf, Ralf, Class And Class Conflict In Industrial Society. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1959.
20. Davies, Morton and Lewis, Vaaghan A., Models Of Political System. The Macmillan Press Ltd., London & Basingstoke, 1971.
21. Deutsh, Karl W., The Nerves Of Government. The Free Press, 1966.台北虹橋版，民國60年。
22. Direnzo, Gordon J., (Ed.) Concepts, Theory, and Explanation In The Behavioral Sciences
23. Doby, John T. (ed.) An Introduction To Social Research. Appleton Century-Crafts, N.Y., Meredith Publishing Company, 1967.
24. Downs, Anthony, An Encomic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harp and Row, 1965.
25. Dyke, Vernon Von, Political Science: A Philosophical Analysis. Stanford University Press, Stanford, 1960.
26. Easton, David (ed.), Varieties Of Political Theory. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Califfs, N.J., 1966.
27. Eaton, David, Political System. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1971. 台北虹橋版，民國61年。
28. Everson, David H. and Paine, Joann Poparad, An Introduction To Systemative Political Science. The Dorsey Press, Homewood, 1973.
29. Eulau, Heinz, The Behavioral Persuasion In Politics. New York: Random House, 1967.
30. ______, Micro-Macro Political Analysis. Chicago: Aldine, 1969.
31. Feigl, H. and Brodbeck M. (ed.), Readings In The Philosophy Of Science. New York: Appleton- Century-Crofts, 1953.
32. Forcese, Dennis P. and Stephen, Richer, Social Research Method. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1953.
33. Freeman, Donald M. (ed.), Foundation Of Political Science. The Free Press, New York, 1977.
34. Francis, Wayne L., Formal Models Of American Politics: An Introduction, Harper & Row, New York, 1972.
35. Frohock, Fred M., The Nature Of Political Inquiry . Homewood: The Dorsey Press, 1967.
36. Galt, Anthony H. and Smith, Larry J., Models And The Study Of Social Change. Schenkman Publishing Company, Inc., New York, 1976.
37. Garson, G. David, Handbook Of Political Science Methods. Holbrook Press Inc., Boston, 1976.
38. Golembiewski, Robert T., Walsh, William A. and Lrotty, William J., A Methodological Primer For Political Science. 台北虹橋版，民國61年。
39. Graham, G., Methodological Foundation For Political Analysis. Torento: Xerox College Publishing, 1971.
40. Greer, Scott, The Logic Of Social Inquiry. Chicago: Aldine, 1970.
41. Gregor, A. James, An Introduction To Meta politics. The Free Press, A Division Of The Macmillan Company, New York, 1971.
42. Gross, Llewellyn (ed.), Symposium On Sociological Theory. New York: Harper and Row, 1959.
43. Hanson, N. Rusesell, What I Do Not Believe, and Other Eassys. Dordrecht: Reidel Publishing, 1971.
44. Hekman, Susan J., Max Weber And Contemporary Social Theory. Notre Dame University Press, Martin Robertson Oxford, 1983.
45. Hempel, C. G., Aspects of Scientific Explanation. N. Y.: Macmillan Company, Free Press, 1983.
46. Hesse, Mary "Models and Analogy in Science", in The Encyclopedia Of Philosophy, Vol. 5, The Macmillian Co., & The Free Press.
47. Hindess, Barry, Philosophy And Methodology In The Social Science. Sussex: The Harvester Press, 1977.
48. Hodgel & Johnson, Manguage and Organization Behavior -- A Multidimentional Approach. John Wiley & Sons, 1970.
49. Holt, Robert T. and Turner, John E., The Methodology Of Comparative Research. New York: The Free Press, 1970.
50. Horst, Paul, Matrix Glgebra For Social Scientist. New York: Holt Rienart and Winston Inc., 1963.
51. Isaak, Alan C., Scope and Methods of Political Science. The Dorsey Press, Homewood, Illinois, 1975.
52. Jung, Hwa Yol, The Crisis Of Political Understanding -- A phenomenological Perspective In The Conduct Of Political Inquiry. Pittsburgh: Daguesne Press, 1979.
53. Kaplan, Abraham, The Conduct Of Inquiry. San Francisco: Chandler Publishing Co., 1964.
54. Kaplan, David & Manners, Robert A., Cultural Theory. Englewood Cliffs: N.J., Prentintall Inc., 1972.
55. Keat, Russell, Social Theory As Science. Rout-ledge & Kegan Paul Ltd., London and Boston, 1975.
56. Kuhn, T. S., The Structure Of Socientific Revolution. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1970.
57. Lakatos, I. and Musgrave, A., Criticism and The Growth Of Knowledge. London Cambridge University Press, 1970.
58. Landau, Martin, Political Theory and Political Science -- Studies In The Methodology of Political Inquiry. The Macmillan Company, New York, 1972.
59. Lasswell, Horold D. and Kaplan, Abraham, Power And Society -- A Framework For Political Inquiry, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1950.
60. Lave, Charles A. and March, James G., An Introduction To Models In The Social Science. New York: Harper & Row, 1975.
61. Layer, Robert H., Perspective On Social Change. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1973.
62. Lerner, D. & Lasswell, H. D. (ed.), The Policy Science -- Recent Development In Scope and Method. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1951.
63. Lerner, D., The Passing Of Traditional Society. New York: Free Press, 1958.
64. Lin, Nan, Foundation Of Social Research. New York: Albung, 1976.
65. Lippitt, Gordon L., Visualing Change -- Model Building and Change Process. La Jolla, Calif., University Associates, Inc., 1973.
66. Lawrence, C. Mayer, Comparative Political Inquiry -- A Methodological Survey, Homewood: The Dorcey Press, 1972.
67. Mann, Michael (ed.) , The Macmillan Student Encyclopedia Of Sociology. Macmillan Press, 1983.
68. Mckinney, John C. and Tiryakian, Edword A. (ed.), Theorical Sociology. Meredith Corp., New York, 1970.
69. McMillan, Claude and Gonzalez, Richard F., System Analysis -- A Computer Approach To Decision Models. Homewood: Richard, D. Irwin, Inc. 1973.
70. Meehan, Eugene J., Theory and Method Of Political Analysis. 台北虹橋版，民國61年。
71. Merton, Robert K., Social Theory and Social Structure. New York: The Free Press, 1957.
72. Merton, Robert K., The Sociology Of Science. Chicago: Chicago University, 1973.
73. Nachmias, David and Nachmias, Chava, Research Methods In The Social Sciences. St. Hartin`s Press, 1981.
74. Naranson, Manrice (ed.), Philosophy Of The Social Sciences: A reader, New York: Random House, 1963.
75. Parsons, Talcott, The Social System. Glence: The Free Press, 1951.
76. Palparampil, John K., Political Analysis -- Shifting Trends and Questionable Assumptions, Indid, 1976.
77. Phillips, Derek L., Anbandoning Method. Jossey-Bass, Inc., San Francisco, 1973.
78. Pike, Kinneth L., Language in Relation To A Unified Theory Of The Structure Of Human Behavior, California: Summer Institute Of Linsuistics, 1955.
79. Popper, Karl R., The Logic Of Scientific Discovery. London: Hatchinson and Company, 1959.
80. Ranney, Austine, Governing Of Man. Holt, 1971.
81. Riggs, Fred W., Administration in Developing countries: The Theory Of Prismatic Society. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1964.
82. Riley, Matilda White, Sociological Research I: A Case Approach. Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc., 1963.
83. Runder, Richard S., Philosophy Of Social Science. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliff, 1966.
84. Shils, Edward A., Political Development In The New States. Hague: Morton, 1960.
85. Simon, Herbert A., Models Of Man: Social and Rational . New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1957.
86. Sjoberg, Gideon and Nett, Roger, A Methodology For Social Research. New York: Harper & Row, 1968.
87. Stogdill, Ralph M. (ed.), The Process Of Model-Building In The Behavioral Sciences. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1970.
88. Swartz, Marc J. and Jordan, David K., Anthropology: Perspective On Human Behavior. New York: John Wiley & Son Inc., 1976.
89. Tennekes, J., Anthropology Relativism and Method. Koninklijke Von Gorcam & Comp, N. V. Assen, The Netherland, 1971.
90. Tiryakion, E. A., "Typologies," in International Encyclopedia Of Sciences. Vol. 10. N.Y.: The Macmillan Co., 1968.
91. Voget, Fred W., A History Of Ethmology. New York: Halt & Riochort and Winton, 1975.
92. Weber, Max, The Methodology Of The Social Science. Trans. by Snils, E. A. and Finch, H. A. N.Y.: The Free Press, 1949.
93. White, Leonard D. (ed.), The State Of The Social Science. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1956.
94. Whitehead, Alfred N., Science and Modern World. New American Library, 1925.
95. Wilier, David, Scientific Sociology -- Theory And Method. Prentice-Hall., Inc., Englewood Califfs, New Jersey, 1976.
96. Zeitlin, I. M., Rethinking Sociolo9y. N. Y: Meredith Corporation, 1973.
97. Zisk, Betty H., Political Research -- A Methological Sampler. D.C. Heth Company, Lexington, Massachusetts, Toronto, 1981.

(2)英文期刊與論文
1. Ake, Claude "The Scientific Status Of Political Science". The British Journal of Political Science. Vol.2, part 1. Cambridge University Press, 1972.
2. Almond, Gabriel "Political Theory and Political Science". American Political Science Review, Vol. LX, 1966.
3. Berreman, Gerald D. "An Emic and Etic Analyses In Social Anthropology" American Anthropologist, Vol. 68, No. 2, part 1, April, 1966.
4. Besher, James M., "Models and Theory Construction" American Sociological Review, Vol. 22, Feb., 1972.
5. Brown, Richard H., "Social Theory As Metaphor: On The Logic of Discovery For The Science of Conduct." Theory and Society, Vol. 3, No. 2, 1976.
6. Kemeny, Fim "Perspectives On Micro-Macro Distinction”. The Sociological Review. Vol. 24, No. 4, 1976.
7. Laponce, J. A. "Spatial Archetypes and Political Perceptions" American Political Science Review, Vol. 69, 1971.
8. Miller, Eugene F. "Metaphor and Political knowledge". The American Political Science Review, Vol. 73, 1974.
9. Odajnyk, Walter "The Political Ideas of C.G. Jung" American Political Science Review, Vol. 67, 1973.
10. Riker, William "The Future of a Science of Politics" American Behaviorist Scientist, Vol. 21, No. 1, 1977.
11. Truman, David "Disillusion and Regeneration:
The Quest For a Discipline" American Political Science Review, Vol. LIX, 1965.
12. Wolin, S. "Political Theory As a Vocation" American Political Science Review, Vol. 63, December, 1969.
13. Zaret, David "From Weber To Parsons and Shutz: The Eclipse of History In Modern Social Theory" American Journal Of Sociology, Vol. 85, No. 5, Chicago University Press, 1980.
14. Zashas, Ellior and Chapman, Phillip C. "The Use Of Metaphor and Analogy: Toward A Renewel Of Political Language." The Journal of Politics, Language." The Journal of Politics, Vol. 30, No. 2, Nay, 1975.