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題名 論科學解釋 : 一個三民主義研究的基礎 作者 杜奉賢 貢獻者 胡訓正
杜奉賢日期 1985 上傳時間 9-Nov-2016 15:58:37 (UTC+8) 摘要 論文提要在三民主義研究的範疇中，最迫切需要的，當是建立作為後設基礎的方法論；而在方法論的爭辯中，「科學解釋」又是最富挑戰性的題目；因為它是研究過程與知識建立之間的橋樑，故而論證的鋪陳必須兼顧到本體論、知識論、方法論、經驗論與唯理論，美國的新實證論與歐洲的詮釋學等。從這些爭辯中，筆者層層撥開對社會科學與解釋的曲解，建立社會科學方法論的自我風貌。最後再從解釋的脈絡中尋找社會科學與三民主義的關連而建立三民主義研究的方法論基礎。全文分為六章，現將要點略述如后：第壹章導論。說明本文的基本預設，就是把三民主義研究視同於社會科學研究；再設定全文的理論觀點，概念格局與分析架構。第貳章經驗科學中的解擇型式及其問題。評析邏輯實證論者和實證社會科學家所倡導的含蓋定律解擇型式，包括 “D－N ”型式，“ I－S ”型式，以及修正與補充的” S－R ”型式，“ D－N－P ” 型式和“ CC ”解釋等；此乃邏輯的解釋。第參章科學解釋在社會科學方法論中的爭議。論述實證論者的後設觀點，與反對引用自然科學中的解釋型式，而認為社會科學中應有其獨特詮釋理解法的人文研究者觀點。從雙方觀點中找出互補論題，即意義與因果的兼顧與研究過程的整合，並建立理解的解釋觀。第肆章社會科學研究中解釋的疑難。探討在後設理論中，我們根本不能解釋而只能描述，在實際研究中，所謂解釋也只是描述的論辯，從論辯中建立描述的解釋，並且認為這種解釋型態正可調和前述邏輯與理解兩種對立的解釋觀點，而且在實際解釋的應用上有其可行性。第伍章社會科學中的解釋方法。此乃針對社會科學家在實際的研究上如何進行解釋作探討。先對社會現象做若干假定，然後區分出四種解釋方法，即溯源、功能、行動、總體等。在解釋過程中要交互運用邏輯的，詮釋理解的與描述的解釋，但這些解釋都必須面對人類主體的動機、意圖、目的等特性，而建立動機的解釋。第陸章結論：科學解釋與三民主義研究。由解釋的預設中導出社會科學理論的多元典範和走向規範性道德理論的需求；而三民主義亦是求實用的規範性理論，因而主張社會科學與三民主義的交互透視。
第壹章 導論1第一節 研究背景 1第二節 解釋與社會科學研究7第三節 分析架構17第貳章 經驗科學中的解釋型式及其問題24第一節 含蓋定律解釋型式26第二節 含蓋定律解釋型式的內在困難35第三節 對含蓋定律解釋型式的修正與補充44第參章 科學解釋在社會科學方法論中的爭論56第一節 實證研究的主張58第二節 人文研究的主張71第三節 科學解釋在社會科學中的特性86第肆章 社會科學研究中解釋的疑難99第一節 解釋超越描述的觀點100第二節 以描述作為解釋的觀點106第三節 解釋與描述的關連114第伍章 社會科學中的解釋方法124第一節 社會現象與解釋方法125第二節 解釋方法之類別131第陸章 結論：科學解釋與三民主義研究149第一節 社會科學解釋與規範性理論150第二節 一個三民主義研究的基礎155參考資料161參考文獻 甲、中文部分國父全集，七十，第一、二冊，台北：中國國民黨中央委員公黨史委員會。先總統蔣公全集，七三，第一冊，張其昀主編，台北：文化大學。石元康，七二：「實證論與歷史說明」，刊於史學評論第六期，七二，台北：華世出版社，頁81 - 109。李亦園、楊國樞、文崇一等編著，七四：現代化與中國化論集，台北：桂冠圖書公司。杜奉賢，七二：「辯明歸納論的或然率論證」，刊於研究生，第廿六期，台北：政治大學研究生學會，頁31 - 37。余英時，七三年六月十三～十五日：「哈伯瑪斯“批判理論”與意識型態」，刊於中國時報第八版。呂亞力，六八：政治學方法論，台北：三民書局。易君博，六四：「社會科學中的歷史解釋」，刊於易君博，政治學論文集--理論與方法，台北：台灣省教育會，頁169 - 199。 金耀基，七一：「社會學的中國化：一個社會學的知識論的問題」，刊於楊國樞、文崇一主編，七一：91 - 11。 洪鎌德，六六：「科學說明及其應用」，刊於洪鎌德，思想及方法，台北，牧童出版社，頁147 - 162。高承恕，七一：「社會科學中國化之可能性及其意義」，刊於楊國樞等編，七一： 31 - 50。馬起華，六五： 「如何使三民主義學術化」，刊於東方雜誌，復刊第十卷第一期，頁21 - 24。袁頌西，七十：「當代政治學中的解釋問題：實證論與詮釋派之論爭」，刊於政治學報第九期，台北：中國政治學會，頁53 - 105。崔書琴，三四：三民主義新論，七二年台北十五版，台北：商務印書館。陳寬政，七一：「社會學理論與研究的形式關係」，刊於瞿海源、蕭新煌主編：社會學理論與方法，台北：中研院民族所，專刊乙種第十一號，頁173 - 198。黃進興，六九：「歷史解釋和通則的關係：韓培爾觀點之檢討」，刊方李弘祺等著：史學方法論集，台北：食貨出版社，頁393 - 416。楊國樞、文崇一主編，七一：社會及行為科學研究的中國化，台北：中央研究院民族學研究所。乙、英文部分Abel Theodore, 1953: “The Operation Called Verstehen” in H. 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三民主義研究所
碩士
73資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 胡訓正 dc.contributor.author (Authors) 杜奉賢 dc.creator (作者) 杜奉賢 zh_TW dc.date (日期) 1985 dc.date.accessioned 9-Nov-2016 15:58:37 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 9-Nov-2016 15:58:37 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 9-Nov-2016 15:58:37 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/103602 - dc.description.abstract (摘要) 論文提要在三民主義研究的範疇中，最迫切需要的，當是建立作為後設基礎的方法論；而在方法論的爭辯中，「科學解釋」又是最富挑戰性的題目；因為它是研究過程與知識建立之間的橋樑，故而論證的鋪陳必須兼顧到本體論、知識論、方法論、經驗論與唯理論，美國的新實證論與歐洲的詮釋學等。從這些爭辯中，筆者層層撥開對社會科學與解釋的曲解，建立社會科學方法論的自我風貌。最後再從解釋的脈絡中尋找社會科學與三民主義的關連而建立三民主義研究的方法論基礎。全文分為六章，現將要點略述如后：第壹章導論。說明本文的基本預設，就是把三民主義研究視同於社會科學研究；再設定全文的理論觀點，概念格局與分析架構。第貳章經驗科學中的解擇型式及其問題。評析邏輯實證論者和實證社會科學家所倡導的含蓋定律解擇型式，包括 “D－N ”型式，“ I－S ”型式，以及修正與補充的” S－R ”型式，“ D－N－P ” 型式和“ CC ”解釋等；此乃邏輯的解釋。第參章科學解釋在社會科學方法論中的爭議。論述實證論者的後設觀點，與反對引用自然科學中的解釋型式，而認為社會科學中應有其獨特詮釋理解法的人文研究者觀點。從雙方觀點中找出互補論題，即意義與因果的兼顧與研究過程的整合，並建立理解的解釋觀。第肆章社會科學研究中解釋的疑難。探討在後設理論中，我們根本不能解釋而只能描述，在實際研究中，所謂解釋也只是描述的論辯，從論辯中建立描述的解釋，並且認為這種解釋型態正可調和前述邏輯與理解兩種對立的解釋觀點，而且在實際解釋的應用上有其可行性。第伍章社會科學中的解釋方法。此乃針對社會科學家在實際的研究上如何進行解釋作探討。先對社會現象做若干假定，然後區分出四種解釋方法，即溯源、功能、行動、總體等。在解釋過程中要交互運用邏輯的，詮釋理解的與描述的解釋，但這些解釋都必須面對人類主體的動機、意圖、目的等特性，而建立動機的解釋。第陸章結論：科學解釋與三民主義研究。由解釋的預設中導出社會科學理論的多元典範和走向規範性道德理論的需求；而三民主義亦是求實用的規範性理論，因而主張社會科學與三民主義的交互透視。 dc.description.abstract (摘要) 第壹章 導論1第一節 研究背景 1第二節 解釋與社會科學研究7第三節 分析架構17第貳章 經驗科學中的解釋型式及其問題24第一節 含蓋定律解釋型式26第二節 含蓋定律解釋型式的內在困難35第三節 對含蓋定律解釋型式的修正與補充44第參章 科學解釋在社會科學方法論中的爭論56第一節 實證研究的主張58第二節 人文研究的主張71第三節 科學解釋在社會科學中的特性86第肆章 社會科學研究中解釋的疑難99第一節 解釋超越描述的觀點100第二節 以描述作為解釋的觀點106第三節 解釋與描述的關連114第伍章 社會科學中的解釋方法124第一節 社會現象與解釋方法125第二節 解釋方法之類別131第陸章 結論：科學解釋與三民主義研究149第一節 社會科學解釋與規範性理論150第二節 一個三民主義研究的基礎155參考資料161 dc.format.extent 115 bytes - dc.format.mimetype text/html - dc.relation (關聯) 國立政治大學 dc.relation (關聯) 三民主義研究所 dc.relation (關聯) 碩士 dc.relation (關聯) 73 dc.title (題名) 論科學解釋 : 一個三民主義研究的基礎 zh_TW dc.type (資料類型) thesis dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 甲、中文部分國父全集，七十，第一、二冊，台北：中國國民黨中央委員公黨史委員會。先總統蔣公全集，七三，第一冊，張其昀主編，台北：文化大學。石元康，七二：「實證論與歷史說明」，刊於史學評論第六期，七二，台北：華世出版社，頁81 - 109。李亦園、楊國樞、文崇一等編著，七四：現代化與中國化論集，台北：桂冠圖書公司。杜奉賢，七二：「辯明歸納論的或然率論證」，刊於研究生，第廿六期，台北：政治大學研究生學會，頁31 - 37。余英時，七三年六月十三～十五日：「哈伯瑪斯“批判理論”與意識型態」，刊於中國時報第八版。呂亞力，六八：政治學方法論，台北：三民書局。易君博，六四：「社會科學中的歷史解釋」，刊於易君博，政治學論文集--理論與方法，台北：台灣省教育會，頁169 - 199。 金耀基，七一：「社會學的中國化：一個社會學的知識論的問題」，刊於楊國樞、文崇一主編，七一：91 - 11。 洪鎌德，六六：「科學說明及其應用」，刊於洪鎌德，思想及方法，台北，牧童出版社，頁147 - 162。高承恕，七一：「社會科學中國化之可能性及其意義」，刊於楊國樞等編，七一： 31 - 50。馬起華，六五： 「如何使三民主義學術化」，刊於東方雜誌，復刊第十卷第一期，頁21 - 24。袁頌西，七十：「當代政治學中的解釋問題：實證論與詮釋派之論爭」，刊於政治學報第九期，台北：中國政治學會，頁53 - 105。崔書琴，三四：三民主義新論，七二年台北十五版，台北：商務印書館。陳寬政，七一：「社會學理論與研究的形式關係」，刊於瞿海源、蕭新煌主編：社會學理論與方法，台北：中研院民族所，專刊乙種第十一號，頁173 - 198。黃進興，六九：「歷史解釋和通則的關係：韓培爾觀點之檢討」，刊方李弘祺等著：史學方法論集，台北：食貨出版社，頁393 - 416。楊國樞、文崇一主編，七一：社會及行為科學研究的中國化，台北：中央研究院民族學研究所。乙、英文部分Abel Theodore, 1953: “The Operation Called Verstehen” in H. 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