學術產出-學位論文
Article View/Open
Publication Export
-
題名 大學入學考試制度之研究：以台灣與法國為例
A Study of College Admission: The Case of Taiwan and France作者 白美恩
Baudry, Marion貢獻者 周祝瑛
Dr Chuing Prudence Chou
白美恩
Marion Baudry關鍵詞 高等教育大眾化
大學招生
大學學科能力測驗
先修課程測驗
法國一般入學資格
臺灣的大學學測
massification of higher education
college admission process
Scholastic Ability Test (GSAT)
Advanced Subjects Test (AST)
French General Baccalaureate
Taiwan
France日期 2016 上傳時間 7-Dec-2016 10:51:24 (UTC+8) 摘要 隨著高等教育的大眾化發展，臺灣與法國的大學招生制度經過幾次變革，以期滿足招生需求。大學學位不僅是學歷的一紙證明，更是臺灣與法國高等教育標準化歷程的體現。從高中過渡到大學，是每個學生學術生涯中關鍵且費神的階段，並與未來的成功息息相關。因此，無論在臺灣或法國，學生高中階段的學術能力測驗至關重要，可謂從青春期過渡到成年期的重要指標。學術能力測驗成績影響著絕大多數畢業生的大學申請和錄取機會。雖然臺灣和法國有不少關於兩國大學教育的研究，但對於高中學生進入大學前的學術能力測驗甚少探討。本研究旨在探討臺、法國大學申請的入學先決條件和要求，以期進一步瞭解大學入學機制。本研究透過對臺灣和法國大學系統中錄取要求，如臺灣的先修課程測驗和法國的一般入學要求等規定進行對比分析，找出各自的優缺點。研究方法包括文獻綜述，以及對兩國高中生進行問卷調查和深度訪談。研究發現，目前兩國的大學入學系統的主要難題之一是缺乏相應的學術指導機制。臺灣方面在於過分強調大學入學考試測驗，法國則與之相反，學生因為過高的升學率而缺乏學習動機。本研究建議，今後臺法兩國如何面對高教入學機會中重新出現的不公與文憑貶值等新挑戰，是雙方大學入學體系需要解決的共同問題。
With the massification of their higher education systems, Taiwan and France have experienced several changes in their college admission processes in order to meet the increasing demand of enrollment into higher education. A university degree has become more than just a certificate of academic achievement but a normalized process in Taiwan and France. The transition from high school to university has become a pivotal yet nerve-racking period in a student’s academic career and is considered as one of the most crucial factor of the student’s future success. In Taiwan and France, the academic abilities of students tested during the senior high school are the most important and significant indicators of students’ transition from adolescence to adulthood. It leads a vast majority of graduates to apply to university and to undertake college admission process. Although several studies have been done in Taiwan and France, only few have previously analyzed a student’s journey through the college admission process in the two countries. The current study intends to investigate the prerequisites and requirements that college applicants in Taiwan and France are required to meet in order to access the college and university systems. By comparing and analyzing the massification of the two systems, as well as Taiwan and France college admission’s requirements such as the Scholastic Ability Test and the Advanced Subjects Test in Taiwan, and the French General Baccalaureate; the study seeks to identify the crucial pro and cons that arise in each system in order to give recommendations on improvements that can be made. Data has been collected through literature reviews, in-depth interviews as well as surveys among former senior high school students in both countries. The results of the present study show that one of the main dilemmas of today’s education systems is the lack of academic guidance. While one of the main problems of Taiwanese education is its emphasis on testing, France education, on the contrary, is facing issues due to its excessive accessibility of universities which leads students to enroll in degrees without real motivations behind their choice. The shift of inequalities in educational opportunities is also one of the new concerns that Taiwanese and French education systems are facing as well as the depreciation of diplomas.參考文獻 André, R. (2010). Education in France from 1945 to nowadays. Grenoble: Presses universitaires de Grenoble.Bilan démographique/Demographic report. (2016, January). Retrieved from INSEE: http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/detail.asp?ref_id=bilan-demoCaroline, B. (2013, October 18). How does the university organize the selection of its students ? Retrieved from L`étudiant: http://etudiant.lefigaro.fr/les-news/actu/detail/article/comment-l-universite-organise-la-selection-3142/Chan, S. J., & Liang, W. L. (2015). Massification of Higher Education in Taiwan: Shifting Pressure from Admission to Employment. Higher Education Policy 28, pp. 17-33.Cheating scandal in France. (2012). Le Monde. Retrieved from http://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2012/06/26/un-prof-et-un-eleve-ecopent-de-prison-avec-sursis-pour-une-fraude-au-bac_1724817_3224.html Chou, C. (2016, January 24). English test attendance rates record low in college entrance examinations. The China Post. Retrieved from http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/national/national-news/2016/01/24/456897/English-test.htm The China PostChuing, P. C. (2015). Who benefits from Taiwan`s Mass Higher Education ? In C. S. Jung, & G. Postiglione, Mass Higher Education Development in East Asia. Strategy, Quality, and Challenges. Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-12673-9Clark, N. (2014). Education in Taiwan. Retrieved from WENR World Education News and Reviews: https://stats.moe.gov.tw/files/ebook/Education_in_Taiwan/2013-2014_Education_in_Taiwan.pdfDe Fournas, M. (2016, June 14). Is the Baccalaureate useful ? Retrieved from RTL: http://www.rtl.fr/actu/societe-faits-divers/bac-2016-le-diplome-est-il-vraiment-utile-7783283259(2014). Education at a glance. OECD. Retrieved from http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/education-at-a-glance-2014_eag-2014-en(2013-2014). Education in Taiwan. Taiwan: Wei-ling Chiang (Minister of Education). Retrieved from https://stats.moe.gov.tw/files/ebook/Education_in_Taiwan/2013-2014_Education_in_Taiwan.pdfEducation Statistical Indicators. (2016). Retrieved from Ministry of Education Taiwan: http://english.moe.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=14504&CtNode=11430&mp=1Formations and Diplomas. (2016). Retrieved from Education.gouv: http://www.education.gouv.fr/pid24238/voies-de-formation-et-diplomes.htmlFrance Academic Regions. (2016, March). Retrieved from Education.gouv: http://www.education.gouv.fr/cid3/les-regions-academiques-academies-et-services-departementaux-de-l-education-nationale.htmlFull text of the French constitution of October 4th, 1958. (1958, October 4). Retrieved from Conseil Constitutionnel: http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/conseil-constitutionnel/francais/la-constitution/la-constitution-du-4-octobre-1958/texte-integral-de-la-constitution-du-4-octobre-1958-en-vigueur.5074.html Fwu, Y. W. (2004). Centralization and Decentralization in Educational Governance in Taiwan (Vol. 13). (K. H. Mok, Ed.) Springer Netherlands. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-0956-0_3Higher education mission. (1968). Retrieved from Legifrance: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000693185History and Key Events. (n.d.). Retrieved from College Entrance Examination Center: http://www.ceec.edu.tw/CeecEnglishWeb/E04History.aspxHsiao, F., & Hsiao, M.-C. (n.d.). Economic Liberalization and Development. The Case of Lifting Martial Law in Taiwan. Retrieved from Colorado Edu: http://www.colorado.edu/Economics/mcguire/workingpapers/9aMLawPpr.pdfHsieh, P.-T. J. (2013). Education in East Asia (Vol. Education around the World ). (C. Brock, Ed.)International Business Publications, U. (2012). Taiwan Country Study Guide: Strategic Information and Developments. Int`l Business Publications, 2012.Jean-Denis, B. (1968). The implementation of the Higher Education orientation act. Le Monde.Kabla-Langlois, I. (2015). Changes in Higher Education over the last 50 years: growth and diversification. In Higher Education and Research in France. Facts and Figures. 8th Edition. France: The Ministry of Higher Education and Research in France. Retrieved from http://publication.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/eesr/8EN/EESR8EN_ES_08-changes_in_higher_education_over_the_last_50_years_growth_and_diversification.phpLazin, F., Evan, M., & Narayana, A. (2013). Higher education and equality of opportunities: Cross-national perspectives (Vol. 59). Springer Netherlands. doi:10.1007/s11159-013-9349-1Lewandowski, J.-C. (2013, Ocotber 25). University`s selection: Another myth collapse. Le Monde. Retrieved from http://focuscampus.blog.lemonde.fr/2013/10/25/la-selection-a-luniversite-encore-un-mythe-qui-secr/ University`s selection, the collapse of another mythMarch 17th 1808: The organization of the Imperial University. (n.d.). Retrieved from Canal Académie: http://www.canalacademie.com/ida2883-17-mars-1808-organisation-de-l-Universite-imperiale.html March 17, 1808: organization of the Imperial UniversityMarchand, P. (2010). The Baccalaureate 1808-2008. Revue du Nord, 111-114.May 1968 events. (n.d.). Retrieved from Larousse: http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/divers/événements_de_mai_1968/131140Ministry of Education Republic of China. (n.d.). Retrieved from Ministry of Education: http://english.moe.gov.tw/Minot, J. (1984). Universities after the 1984 Law. Paris: Berger Levrault. Retrieved from http://bbf.enssib.fr/consulter/bbf-1985-03-0337-011Mok, K. H. (2003). Centralization and decentralization (Vol. 13). Springer Netherlands. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-0956-0Napoleon founder of the Baccalaureate. (2014, May 4). Retrieved from Napoleon 1er: http://www.napoleon1er.fr/2014/05/napoleon-fondateur-du-baccalaureat/ Natacha, L. (2014, February 25). Admission Post Bac: Is it true that for some programs, the APB assigns places by drawing lots ? Retrieved from Letudiant: http://www.letudiant.fr/etudes/apb/admission-postbac-est-il-exact-que-pour-certaines-licences-apb-attribue-les-places-par-tirage-au-sort.htmlNunès, E., & Maillard, M. (2015, June 12). Candidates, Frand, Succes... 2015 Baccalaureate. Le Monde. Retrieved from http://www.lemonde.fr/bac-lycee/article/2015/06/12/candidats-fraude-reussite-le-bac-2015-en-chiffres_4652906_4401499.htmlPhilip, A., Laura, R., & Liz, R. (2010). Tracking a Global Academic Revolution. Change: The magazine of higher learning 42.2, 30-39.Philippe, B., & Jean, T. (1970). Les Interprétations de la crise de mai-juin 1968. Revue française de Science Politique. doi:10.3406Preamble of the French Consitution, October 27th, 1946. (1946, October 27). Retrieved from Legifrance: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/Droit-francais/Constitution/Preambule-de-la-Constitution-du-27-octobre-1946Rivière, V. (2013, June 14). The Baccalaureate: History, origins and reforms. L`internaute. Retrieved from http://www.linternaute.com/actualite/education/bac-histoire-origines-reformes.shtml (2013). School Education in France. Retrieved from http://eduscol.education.fr/cid50379/l-enseignement-scolaire-en-france.htmlStatistical references on teaching, training and research. (2015, August). Retrieved from Education.gouv: http://www.education.gouv.fr/cid57096/reperes-et-references-statistiques.htmlStatistics (Chinese/English) Ministry of Education. (2016, January 30). Retrieved from MOE: http://english.moe.gov.tw/lp.asp?ctNode=11432&CtUnit=1348&BaseDSD=16 Taiwan Secondary Education. (n.d.). Retrieved from Education Sate University: http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/1496/Taiwan-SECONDARY-EDUCATION.htmlThe Advance Subject Test. (n.d.). Retrieved from College entrance examination center: http://www.ceec.edu.tw/CeecEnglishWeb/E07Process_AST.aspxThe APB procedure. (n.d.). Retrieved from Admission Post-Bac: https://www.admission-postbac.fr/index.php?desc=quoiThe Baccalaureate 2015. (2016). Retrieved from Ministry of National Education, Higher Education and Research: http://www.education.gouv.fr/cid56455/le-baccalaureat-2015-session-de-juin.htmlThe Baccalaureate, first university diploma. (2015, November). Retrieved from Ministry of National Education: http://www.education.gouv.fr/cid143/le-baccalaureat-premier-grade-universitaire.htmlThe Education`s Great Principles. (2015, May). Retrieved from Education.gouv: http://www.education.gouv.fr/cid162/les-grands-principes.htmlThe General Baccalaureate. (2015). Retrieved from Ministry of National Education: http://www.education.gouv.fr/cid147/le-baccalaureat-technologique.htmlThe Orientation Act of Higher Education drafted by Edgar Faure Universities after the January 26th 1984 law on higher education. (n.d.). Retrieved from Promotion and defense of students: http://www.pde.fr/enseignement-superieur/les-lois-esr/loi-faureThe principle of free access to university. (n.d.). Retrieved from eduscol: http://eduscol.education.fr/cid48578/principe-de-gratuite.htmlThe professional baccalaureate. (2014, Avril 14). Retrieved from Etudiant aujourd`hui: http://etudiant.aujourdhui.fr/etudiant/info/bac-pro.htmlThe Republic Of China Yearbook 2015. (2015). The Executive Yuan. Retrieved from http://yearbook.multimedia.ey.gov.tw/enebook/2015yearbook/index.htmlThe technological Baccalaureate . (2015). Retrieved from Ministry of National Education: http://www.education.gouv.fr/cid147/le-baccalaureat-technologique.html Tsu, C. S. (2007). Taiwan`s Educational Reform and the Future of Taiwan.University Enrollment. (2016, May). Retrieved from Enseignementsup-recherche: http://www.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/cid102275/les-effectifs-universitaires-en-2015-2016.htmlUniversity Institutes of Technology. (2016). Retrieved from IUT: http://www.iut.fr/Volkan, Y., & Gulsun, E. (2014). Handbook of Research on Emerging Priorities and Trends in Distance Education: Communication, Pedagogy, and Technology. doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-5162-3What are the options after Junior High School? (2015, July). Retrieved from Education.gov: http://www.education.gouv.fr/cid23974/que-faire-apres-la-troisieme.html 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)
103926037資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0103926037 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 周祝瑛 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Dr Chuing Prudence Chou en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 白美恩 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Marion Baudry en_US dc.creator (作者) 白美恩 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Baudry, Marion en_US dc.date (日期) 2016 en_US dc.date.accessioned 7-Dec-2016 10:51:24 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 7-Dec-2016 10:51:24 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 7-Dec-2016 10:51:24 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0103926037 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/104642 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 103926037 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 隨著高等教育的大眾化發展，臺灣與法國的大學招生制度經過幾次變革，以期滿足招生需求。大學學位不僅是學歷的一紙證明，更是臺灣與法國高等教育標準化歷程的體現。從高中過渡到大學，是每個學生學術生涯中關鍵且費神的階段，並與未來的成功息息相關。因此，無論在臺灣或法國，學生高中階段的學術能力測驗至關重要，可謂從青春期過渡到成年期的重要指標。學術能力測驗成績影響著絕大多數畢業生的大學申請和錄取機會。雖然臺灣和法國有不少關於兩國大學教育的研究，但對於高中學生進入大學前的學術能力測驗甚少探討。本研究旨在探討臺、法國大學申請的入學先決條件和要求，以期進一步瞭解大學入學機制。本研究透過對臺灣和法國大學系統中錄取要求，如臺灣的先修課程測驗和法國的一般入學要求等規定進行對比分析，找出各自的優缺點。研究方法包括文獻綜述，以及對兩國高中生進行問卷調查和深度訪談。研究發現，目前兩國的大學入學系統的主要難題之一是缺乏相應的學術指導機制。臺灣方面在於過分強調大學入學考試測驗，法國則與之相反，學生因為過高的升學率而缺乏學習動機。本研究建議，今後臺法兩國如何面對高教入學機會中重新出現的不公與文憑貶值等新挑戰，是雙方大學入學體系需要解決的共同問題。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) With the massification of their higher education systems, Taiwan and France have experienced several changes in their college admission processes in order to meet the increasing demand of enrollment into higher education. A university degree has become more than just a certificate of academic achievement but a normalized process in Taiwan and France. The transition from high school to university has become a pivotal yet nerve-racking period in a student’s academic career and is considered as one of the most crucial factor of the student’s future success. In Taiwan and France, the academic abilities of students tested during the senior high school are the most important and significant indicators of students’ transition from adolescence to adulthood. It leads a vast majority of graduates to apply to university and to undertake college admission process. Although several studies have been done in Taiwan and France, only few have previously analyzed a student’s journey through the college admission process in the two countries. The current study intends to investigate the prerequisites and requirements that college applicants in Taiwan and France are required to meet in order to access the college and university systems. By comparing and analyzing the massification of the two systems, as well as Taiwan and France college admission’s requirements such as the Scholastic Ability Test and the Advanced Subjects Test in Taiwan, and the French General Baccalaureate; the study seeks to identify the crucial pro and cons that arise in each system in order to give recommendations on improvements that can be made. Data has been collected through literature reviews, in-depth interviews as well as surveys among former senior high school students in both countries. The results of the present study show that one of the main dilemmas of today’s education systems is the lack of academic guidance. While one of the main problems of Taiwanese education is its emphasis on testing, France education, on the contrary, is facing issues due to its excessive accessibility of universities which leads students to enroll in degrees without real motivations behind their choice. The shift of inequalities in educational opportunities is also one of the new concerns that Taiwanese and French education systems are facing as well as the depreciation of diplomas. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I摘要 IIIABSTRACT IVTABLE OF CONTENTS VILIST OF TABLES VIIILIST OF FIGURES IXCHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 11.1 Background of the Study 11.1.1 Taiwanese College Admission 21.1.2 French College Admission 41.2 Research Motivation and Rationale 81.3 Research Method 101.4 Scope and Delimitation 111.5 Definition of Terms 12CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 132.1 Massification of Higher Education 132.1.1 Massification of Higher Education in Taiwan 132.1.2 Massification of Higher Education in France 162.2 Education system 202.2.1 Taiwanese Education System 202.2.2 French Education System 242.3 Secondary Education to Tertiary Education 302.3.1 Taiwan’s transition from senior high school to higher education 302.3.2 French College Admission Process 34CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH FRAMEWORK 393.1 Methodology 393.2 Instruments 433.3 Data Collection and Analysis 43CHAPTER 4. RESEARCH FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS 454.1 Descriptive Statistics 454.2 Interviews 674.3 Summary of Findings 72CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 795.1 Conclusion 795.2 Limitations 815.3 Recommendations for Future Research 83REFERENCES 85APPENDIX 1. SURVEY’S QUESTIONS 90APPENDIX 2 INTERVIEW QUESTIONS 96APPENDIX 3 FIRST INTERVIEW 97APPENDIX 4 SECOND INTERVIEW 99APPENDIX 5 THIRD INTERVIEW 101APPENDIX 6 FOURTH INTERVIEW 103 zh_TW dc.format.extent 3281547 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0103926037 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 高等教育大眾化 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 大學招生 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 大學學科能力測驗 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 先修課程測驗 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 法國一般入學資格 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 臺灣的大學學測 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) massification of higher education en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) college admission process en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Scholastic Ability Test (GSAT) en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Advanced Subjects Test (AST) en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) French General Baccalaureate en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Taiwan en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) France en_US dc.title (題名) 大學入學考試制度之研究：以台灣與法國為例 zh_TW dc.title (題名) A Study of College Admission: The Case of Taiwan and France en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) André, R. (2010). Education in France from 1945 to nowadays. Grenoble: Presses universitaires de Grenoble.Bilan démographique/Demographic report. (2016, January). Retrieved from INSEE: http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/detail.asp?ref_id=bilan-demoCaroline, B. (2013, October 18). How does the university organize the selection of its students ? Retrieved from L`étudiant: http://etudiant.lefigaro.fr/les-news/actu/detail/article/comment-l-universite-organise-la-selection-3142/Chan, S. J., & Liang, W. L. (2015). Massification of Higher Education in Taiwan: Shifting Pressure from Admission to Employment. Higher Education Policy 28, pp. 17-33.Cheating scandal in France. (2012). Le Monde. Retrieved from http://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2012/06/26/un-prof-et-un-eleve-ecopent-de-prison-avec-sursis-pour-une-fraude-au-bac_1724817_3224.html Chou, C. (2016, January 24). English test attendance rates record low in college entrance examinations. The China Post. Retrieved from http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/national/national-news/2016/01/24/456897/English-test.htm The China PostChuing, P. C. (2015). Who benefits from Taiwan`s Mass Higher Education ? In C. S. Jung, & G. Postiglione, Mass Higher Education Development in East Asia. Strategy, Quality, and Challenges. Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-12673-9Clark, N. (2014). Education in Taiwan. Retrieved from WENR World Education News and Reviews: https://stats.moe.gov.tw/files/ebook/Education_in_Taiwan/2013-2014_Education_in_Taiwan.pdfDe Fournas, M. (2016, June 14). Is the Baccalaureate useful ? Retrieved from RTL: http://www.rtl.fr/actu/societe-faits-divers/bac-2016-le-diplome-est-il-vraiment-utile-7783283259(2014). Education at a glance. OECD. Retrieved from http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/education-at-a-glance-2014_eag-2014-en(2013-2014). Education in Taiwan. Taiwan: Wei-ling Chiang (Minister of Education). Retrieved from https://stats.moe.gov.tw/files/ebook/Education_in_Taiwan/2013-2014_Education_in_Taiwan.pdfEducation Statistical Indicators. (2016). Retrieved from Ministry of Education Taiwan: http://english.moe.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=14504&CtNode=11430&mp=1Formations and Diplomas. (2016). Retrieved from Education.gouv: http://www.education.gouv.fr/pid24238/voies-de-formation-et-diplomes.htmlFrance Academic Regions. (2016, March). Retrieved from Education.gouv: http://www.education.gouv.fr/cid3/les-regions-academiques-academies-et-services-departementaux-de-l-education-nationale.htmlFull text of the French constitution of October 4th, 1958. (1958, October 4). Retrieved from Conseil Constitutionnel: http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/conseil-constitutionnel/francais/la-constitution/la-constitution-du-4-octobre-1958/texte-integral-de-la-constitution-du-4-octobre-1958-en-vigueur.5074.html Fwu, Y. W. (2004). Centralization and Decentralization in Educational Governance in Taiwan (Vol. 13). (K. H. Mok, Ed.) Springer Netherlands. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-0956-0_3Higher education mission. (1968). Retrieved from Legifrance: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000693185History and Key Events. (n.d.). Retrieved from College Entrance Examination Center: http://www.ceec.edu.tw/CeecEnglishWeb/E04History.aspxHsiao, F., & Hsiao, M.-C. (n.d.). Economic Liberalization and Development. The Case of Lifting Martial Law in Taiwan. Retrieved from Colorado Edu: http://www.colorado.edu/Economics/mcguire/workingpapers/9aMLawPpr.pdfHsieh, P.-T. J. (2013). Education in East Asia (Vol. Education around the World ). (C. Brock, Ed.)International Business Publications, U. (2012). Taiwan Country Study Guide: Strategic Information and Developments. Int`l Business Publications, 2012.Jean-Denis, B. (1968). The implementation of the Higher Education orientation act. Le Monde.Kabla-Langlois, I. (2015). Changes in Higher Education over the last 50 years: growth and diversification. In Higher Education and Research in France. Facts and Figures. 8th Edition. France: The Ministry of Higher Education and Research in France. Retrieved from http://publication.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/eesr/8EN/EESR8EN_ES_08-changes_in_higher_education_over_the_last_50_years_growth_and_diversification.phpLazin, F., Evan, M., & Narayana, A. (2013). Higher education and equality of opportunities: Cross-national perspectives (Vol. 59). Springer Netherlands. doi:10.1007/s11159-013-9349-1Lewandowski, J.-C. (2013, Ocotber 25). University`s selection: Another myth collapse. Le Monde. Retrieved from http://focuscampus.blog.lemonde.fr/2013/10/25/la-selection-a-luniversite-encore-un-mythe-qui-secr/ University`s selection, the collapse of another mythMarch 17th 1808: The organization of the Imperial University. (n.d.). Retrieved from Canal Académie: http://www.canalacademie.com/ida2883-17-mars-1808-organisation-de-l-Universite-imperiale.html March 17, 1808: organization of the Imperial UniversityMarchand, P. (2010). The Baccalaureate 1808-2008. Revue du Nord, 111-114.May 1968 events. (n.d.). Retrieved from Larousse: http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/divers/événements_de_mai_1968/131140Ministry of Education Republic of China. (n.d.). Retrieved from Ministry of Education: http://english.moe.gov.tw/Minot, J. (1984). Universities after the 1984 Law. Paris: Berger Levrault. Retrieved from http://bbf.enssib.fr/consulter/bbf-1985-03-0337-011Mok, K. H. (2003). Centralization and decentralization (Vol. 13). Springer Netherlands. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-0956-0Napoleon founder of the Baccalaureate. (2014, May 4). Retrieved from Napoleon 1er: http://www.napoleon1er.fr/2014/05/napoleon-fondateur-du-baccalaureat/ Natacha, L. (2014, February 25). Admission Post Bac: Is it true that for some programs, the APB assigns places by drawing lots ? Retrieved from Letudiant: http://www.letudiant.fr/etudes/apb/admission-postbac-est-il-exact-que-pour-certaines-licences-apb-attribue-les-places-par-tirage-au-sort.htmlNunès, E., & Maillard, M. (2015, June 12). Candidates, Frand, Succes... 2015 Baccalaureate. Le Monde. Retrieved from http://www.lemonde.fr/bac-lycee/article/2015/06/12/candidats-fraude-reussite-le-bac-2015-en-chiffres_4652906_4401499.htmlPhilip, A., Laura, R., & Liz, R. (2010). Tracking a Global Academic Revolution. Change: The magazine of higher learning 42.2, 30-39.Philippe, B., & Jean, T. (1970). Les Interprétations de la crise de mai-juin 1968. Revue française de Science Politique. doi:10.3406Preamble of the French Consitution, October 27th, 1946. (1946, October 27). Retrieved from Legifrance: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/Droit-francais/Constitution/Preambule-de-la-Constitution-du-27-octobre-1946Rivière, V. (2013, June 14). The Baccalaureate: History, origins and reforms. L`internaute. Retrieved from http://www.linternaute.com/actualite/education/bac-histoire-origines-reformes.shtml (2013). School Education in France. Retrieved from http://eduscol.education.fr/cid50379/l-enseignement-scolaire-en-france.htmlStatistical references on teaching, training and research. (2015, August). Retrieved from Education.gouv: http://www.education.gouv.fr/cid57096/reperes-et-references-statistiques.htmlStatistics (Chinese/English) Ministry of Education. (2016, January 30). Retrieved from MOE: http://english.moe.gov.tw/lp.asp?ctNode=11432&CtUnit=1348&BaseDSD=16 Taiwan Secondary Education. (n.d.). Retrieved from Education Sate University: http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/1496/Taiwan-SECONDARY-EDUCATION.htmlThe Advance Subject Test. (n.d.). Retrieved from College entrance examination center: http://www.ceec.edu.tw/CeecEnglishWeb/E07Process_AST.aspxThe APB procedure. (n.d.). Retrieved from Admission Post-Bac: https://www.admission-postbac.fr/index.php?desc=quoiThe Baccalaureate 2015. (2016). Retrieved from Ministry of National Education, Higher Education and Research: http://www.education.gouv.fr/cid56455/le-baccalaureat-2015-session-de-juin.htmlThe Baccalaureate, first university diploma. (2015, November). Retrieved from Ministry of National Education: http://www.education.gouv.fr/cid143/le-baccalaureat-premier-grade-universitaire.htmlThe Education`s Great Principles. (2015, May). Retrieved from Education.gouv: http://www.education.gouv.fr/cid162/les-grands-principes.htmlThe General Baccalaureate. (2015). Retrieved from Ministry of National Education: http://www.education.gouv.fr/cid147/le-baccalaureat-technologique.htmlThe Orientation Act of Higher Education drafted by Edgar Faure Universities after the January 26th 1984 law on higher education. (n.d.). Retrieved from Promotion and defense of students: http://www.pde.fr/enseignement-superieur/les-lois-esr/loi-faureThe principle of free access to university. (n.d.). Retrieved from eduscol: http://eduscol.education.fr/cid48578/principe-de-gratuite.htmlThe professional baccalaureate. (2014, Avril 14). Retrieved from Etudiant aujourd`hui: http://etudiant.aujourdhui.fr/etudiant/info/bac-pro.htmlThe Republic Of China Yearbook 2015. (2015). The Executive Yuan. Retrieved from http://yearbook.multimedia.ey.gov.tw/enebook/2015yearbook/index.htmlThe technological Baccalaureate . (2015). Retrieved from Ministry of National Education: http://www.education.gouv.fr/cid147/le-baccalaureat-technologique.html Tsu, C. S. (2007). Taiwan`s Educational Reform and the Future of Taiwan.University Enrollment. (2016, May). Retrieved from Enseignementsup-recherche: http://www.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/cid102275/les-effectifs-universitaires-en-2015-2016.htmlUniversity Institutes of Technology. (2016). Retrieved from IUT: http://www.iut.fr/Volkan, Y., & Gulsun, E. (2014). Handbook of Research on Emerging Priorities and Trends in Distance Education: Communication, Pedagogy, and Technology. doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-5162-3What are the options after Junior High School? (2015, July). Retrieved from Education.gov: http://www.education.gouv.fr/cid23974/que-faire-apres-la-troisieme.html zh_TW
