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題名 使用穿戴裝置實現即時相對方向定位
Real-time relative directional positioning using wearable devices
作者 蔡育銓
Tsai, Yua Chan
貢獻者 蔡子傑
Tsai, Tzu Chieh
蔡育銓
Tsai,Yua Chan
關鍵詞 藍芽4.0
穿戴式裝置
即時追蹤
體感偵測技術
RSSI
IMU
可靠程度
相對方向定位
Bluetooth 4.0
Wearable devices
Real-time Tracking
Motion Capture
RSSI
IMU
reliable level
relative directional positioning
日期 2016
上傳時間 4-Jan-2017 11:59:02 (UTC+8)
摘要 近年來穿戴相關發展越來越蓬勃,特別是在虛擬-實境的綜合藝術表
演中,例如: 電影「猩球崛起」。然而大部分虛擬實境的綜合內容是
基於腳本預先錄製好的,而且演員需要大量的練習,使表演能夠完美
演出。此外,如果我們想要在兩人的相對方向定位上有特殊效果,那
麼預先錄製的的方法是不合適的。解決這個問題的一個方法是,使用
高品質的相機偵測身體的姿勢或位置。但是精准度常會受限於光線或
是障礙物。
本篇論文中,我們提出一個即時相對方向定位方法,這方法使用無線
可穿戴式設備解決這個問題。我們結合BLE 所發送的Received Signal
Strength Indicator (RSSI)與IMU 感測器資訊,來追蹤兩個表演者的相對方向定位的位置。但是RSSI 資料有波動與不穩定性、IMU 會引起
累積的誤差。我們發明了「可靠程度」的RSSI 量測概念,並且把這
概念運用在IMU 定期校正上。我們實驗的情況是,兩個人的舞蹈來
驗證準確性,結果是令人滿意的。我們還使用Unity 來實踐人體骨架,
以便與兩個舞者動作做比較。在未來,我們開發的方案可以用於藝術
表演,使內容更豐富,更具互動性。
In recent years, wearable-related applications are flourishing, especially in virtual-real integrated art performance, such as “Rise of the Planet of the Apes”. However, most of the virtual-real integrated contents are pre-recorded based on the script, and the performer needs a lot of practice to make the integration perfect. Moreover, if we want to make special effect based on the relative directional positions of two performers, the pre-recorded approach is not suitable. One way to tackle this problem is to use the high-quality camera to detect the body posture or position.But the accuracy is usually limited in light intensity or obstacles.

In this thesis, we propose a real-time relative directional positioning approach using wireless wearable devices to solve this problem. We use Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) of BLE, combined with IMU
sensors to track two performers’ relative directional positions. The RSSI fluctuates and the IMU causes accumulated errors. We invent the concept
of “reliable level” of RSSI measures to periodically correct the IMU errors. We experiment the scenario of two-person dance to validate the accuracy, and the result is satisfactory. We also use Unity to real-time
render the human skeleton for comparison with the two dancers’ motion.In the future, our developed scheme can be used in the art performance to make the content richer and more interactive.
參考文獻 [1] Tech News. Available:
http://finance.technews.tw/2015/11/22/taiwan-textile-industry-and-technology-s
mart-wearing/
[2] Money.udn.com. Available:
http://money.udn.com/money/story/5612/1757509-VR%E5%95%86%E6%A9%9
F%E5%A4%A7%E2%80%A6%E7%B4%A1%E7%B9%94%E6%A5%AD%E6
%96%B0%E8%97%8D%E6%B5%B7
[3] Interactive Digital Performance art Available:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3JdT4fDi4iI
[4] Perfume. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aiY_oRwmcpI
[5] Kknews. Available: https://kknews.cc/world/6or96l.html
[6] Daniel Roetenberg, Henk Luinge, and Per Slycke, “Xsens MVN: Full 6DOF
Human Motion Tracking Using Miniature Inertial Sensors. XSENS Technologies,”version Apr 3, 2013.
[7] Oh, Jung H., Doojin Kim, and Beom H. Lee. "An indoor
localization system for mobile robots using an active infrared positioning sensor." Journal of Industrial
and Intelligent Information Vol 2.1 (2014).
[8] Henniges, Robin. "Current approaches of Wi-Fi positioning." IEEE Conference
Publications. 2012.
[9] Introduction to BLE. Available:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth_low_energy
[10] Huang, Xu, Mark Barralet, and Dharmendra Sharma. "Accuracy of location
identification with antenna polarization on RSSI." Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists. Vol. 1. 2009.
[11] Bertuletti, S., et al. "Indoor distance estimated from Bluetooth Low Energy signal
strength: comparison of regression models." 2016 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS). IEEE, 2016.
[12] Wang, Yixin, et al. "RSSI-Based Bluetooth Indoor Localization." 2015 11th International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Networks (MSN). IEEE,2015.
[13] Wikipedia contributors. 68-95-99.7 rule. Wikipedia.org. Downloaded: March 4,2015.
Jimenez, Antonio R., et al. "A comparison of pedestrian dead-reckoning
algorithms using a low-cost MEMS IMU." Intelligent Signal Processing, 2009.
WISP 2009. IEEE International Symposium on. IEEE, 2009.
[15] Cheng, Chung Yu, et al. "Interactive Performance Using Wearable Devices: Technology and Innovative Applications" Volume 375 of the series Lecture Notes
in Electrical Engineering pp 993-1006.
[16] Blumrosen, G., & Luttwak, A. (2013). Human body parts tracking and kinematic features assessment based on RSSI and inertial sensor measurements. Sensors,
13(9), 11289-11313.
[17] How to place the beacon. Available:
https://getbrowniepoints.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/211241288-Where-should-I-place-my-Beacon-
[18] Sandeep Mistry masters in Bluetooth services. Available:
http://en.gravatar.com/mistrysandeep
(https://github.com/sandeepmistry/node-blea
con/blob/6a30f42353cfde1b08b1a0147cd5899c316e4422/lib/bleacon.js)
[19] Yun, Xiaoping, et al. "Self-contained position tracking of human movement using
small inertial/magnetic sensor modules." Proceedings 2007 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. IEEE, 2007.
[20] Goyal, Pragun, et al. "Strap-down pedestrian dead-reckoning system." measurements 2 (2011): 3.
[21] Liu, Zexi, Chukwuemeka Aduba, and Chang-Hee Won. "In-plane dead reckoning with knee and waist attached gyroscopes." measurement 44.10 (2011): 1860-1868.
[22] Singhal, Toshak, Akshat Harit, and D. N. Vishwakarma. "Kalman Filter Implementation on an Accelerometer sensor data for three state
estimation of a dynamic system." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 1.6 (2012): 330-334.
[23] Brookner, Eli. Frontmatter and Index. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998.
[24] Kose, Alper, Andrea Cereatti, and Ugo Della Croce. "Estimation of traversed distance in level walking using a single inertial measurement unit

attached to the
waist." 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE

Engineering in
Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2011.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
資訊科學學系
103753016
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1037530161
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 蔡子傑zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Tsai, Tzu Chiehen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 蔡育銓zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Tsai,Yua Chanen_US
dc.creator (作者) 蔡育銓zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Tsai, Yua Chanen_US
dc.date (日期) 2016en_US
dc.date.accessioned 4-Jan-2017 11:59:02 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 4-Jan-2017 11:59:02 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 4-Jan-2017 11:59:02 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G1037530161en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/105603-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 資訊科學學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 103753016zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 近年來穿戴相關發展越來越蓬勃,特別是在虛擬-實境的綜合藝術表
演中,例如: 電影「猩球崛起」。然而大部分虛擬實境的綜合內容是
基於腳本預先錄製好的,而且演員需要大量的練習,使表演能夠完美
演出。此外,如果我們想要在兩人的相對方向定位上有特殊效果,那
麼預先錄製的的方法是不合適的。解決這個問題的一個方法是,使用
高品質的相機偵測身體的姿勢或位置。但是精准度常會受限於光線或
是障礙物。
本篇論文中,我們提出一個即時相對方向定位方法,這方法使用無線
可穿戴式設備解決這個問題。我們結合BLE 所發送的Received Signal
Strength Indicator (RSSI)與IMU 感測器資訊,來追蹤兩個表演者的相對方向定位的位置。但是RSSI 資料有波動與不穩定性、IMU 會引起
累積的誤差。我們發明了「可靠程度」的RSSI 量測概念,並且把這
概念運用在IMU 定期校正上。我們實驗的情況是,兩個人的舞蹈來
驗證準確性,結果是令人滿意的。我們還使用Unity 來實踐人體骨架,
以便與兩個舞者動作做比較。在未來,我們開發的方案可以用於藝術
表演,使內容更豐富,更具互動性。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) In recent years, wearable-related applications are flourishing, especially in virtual-real integrated art performance, such as “Rise of the Planet of the Apes”. However, most of the virtual-real integrated contents are pre-recorded based on the script, and the performer needs a lot of practice to make the integration perfect. Moreover, if we want to make special effect based on the relative directional positions of two performers, the pre-recorded approach is not suitable. One way to tackle this problem is to use the high-quality camera to detect the body posture or position.But the accuracy is usually limited in light intensity or obstacles.

In this thesis, we propose a real-time relative directional positioning approach using wireless wearable devices to solve this problem. We use Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) of BLE, combined with IMU
sensors to track two performers’ relative directional positions. The RSSI fluctuates and the IMU causes accumulated errors. We invent the concept
of “reliable level” of RSSI measures to periodically correct the IMU errors. We experiment the scenario of two-person dance to validate the accuracy, and the result is satisfactory. We also use Unity to real-time
render the human skeleton for comparison with the two dancers’ motion.In the future, our developed scheme can be used in the art performance to make the content richer and more interactive.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Chapter1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Motivation 2
1.3 Purpose 2
1.4 Organization 3
Chapter2 Related Work 4
2.1 Indoor Localization for BLE 5
2.2 Indoor Localization for Inertial Sensor 8
2.3 Inertial Sensor Measurements and RSSI 8
Chapter3 WiseItem Design and Wise System 12
3.1 How to build a robust as well as fault tolerance? 13
3.2 Basic BLE Hardware Research 14
3.3 Architecture 21
3.3.1 Spin 22
3.3.2 Orbit Around 23
3.3.3 Compound IMU and BLE 31
Chapter4 Experimental Evaluation 32
4.1Simulation Setup 32
4.2 Simulation Results 37
4.2.1 Relative directional positioning 37
4.2.2 Double dance in Laboratory 42
4.2.3 Interactive billboard in Laboratory 43
Chapter5 Conclusions and Future Work 45
REFERENCES 46
zh_TW
dc.format.extent 54523416 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1037530161en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 藍芽4.0zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 穿戴式裝置zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 即時追蹤zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 體感偵測技術zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) RSSIzh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) IMUzh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 可靠程度zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 相對方向定位zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Bluetooth 4.0en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Wearable devicesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Real-time Trackingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Motion Captureen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) RSSIen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) IMUen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) reliable levelen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) relative directional positioningen_US
dc.title (題名) 使用穿戴裝置實現即時相對方向定位zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Real-time relative directional positioning using wearable devicesen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [1] Tech News. Available:
http://finance.technews.tw/2015/11/22/taiwan-textile-industry-and-technology-s
mart-wearing/
[2] Money.udn.com. Available:
http://money.udn.com/money/story/5612/1757509-VR%E5%95%86%E6%A9%9
F%E5%A4%A7%E2%80%A6%E7%B4%A1%E7%B9%94%E6%A5%AD%E6
%96%B0%E8%97%8D%E6%B5%B7
[3] Interactive Digital Performance art Available:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3JdT4fDi4iI
[4] Perfume. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aiY_oRwmcpI
[5] Kknews. Available: https://kknews.cc/world/6or96l.html
[6] Daniel Roetenberg, Henk Luinge, and Per Slycke, “Xsens MVN: Full 6DOF
Human Motion Tracking Using Miniature Inertial Sensors. XSENS Technologies,”version Apr 3, 2013.
[7] Oh, Jung H., Doojin Kim, and Beom H. Lee. "An indoor
localization system for mobile robots using an active infrared positioning sensor." Journal of Industrial
and Intelligent Information Vol 2.1 (2014).
[8] Henniges, Robin. "Current approaches of Wi-Fi positioning." IEEE Conference
Publications. 2012.
[9] Introduction to BLE. Available:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth_low_energy
[10] Huang, Xu, Mark Barralet, and Dharmendra Sharma. "Accuracy of location
identification with antenna polarization on RSSI." Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists. Vol. 1. 2009.
[11] Bertuletti, S., et al. "Indoor distance estimated from Bluetooth Low Energy signal
strength: comparison of regression models." 2016 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS). IEEE, 2016.
[12] Wang, Yixin, et al. "RSSI-Based Bluetooth Indoor Localization." 2015 11th International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Networks (MSN). IEEE,2015.
[13] Wikipedia contributors. 68-95-99.7 rule. Wikipedia.org. Downloaded: March 4,2015.
Jimenez, Antonio R., et al. "A comparison of pedestrian dead-reckoning
algorithms using a low-cost MEMS IMU." Intelligent Signal Processing, 2009.
WISP 2009. IEEE International Symposium on. IEEE, 2009.
[15] Cheng, Chung Yu, et al. "Interactive Performance Using Wearable Devices: Technology and Innovative Applications" Volume 375 of the series Lecture Notes
in Electrical Engineering pp 993-1006.
[16] Blumrosen, G., & Luttwak, A. (2013). Human body parts tracking and kinematic features assessment based on RSSI and inertial sensor measurements. Sensors,
13(9), 11289-11313.
[17] How to place the beacon. Available:
https://getbrowniepoints.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/211241288-Where-should-I-place-my-Beacon-
[18] Sandeep Mistry masters in Bluetooth services. Available:
http://en.gravatar.com/mistrysandeep
(https://github.com/sandeepmistry/node-blea
con/blob/6a30f42353cfde1b08b1a0147cd5899c316e4422/lib/bleacon.js)
[19] Yun, Xiaoping, et al. "Self-contained position tracking of human movement using
small inertial/magnetic sensor modules." Proceedings 2007 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. IEEE, 2007.
[20] Goyal, Pragun, et al. "Strap-down pedestrian dead-reckoning system." measurements 2 (2011): 3.
[21] Liu, Zexi, Chukwuemeka Aduba, and Chang-Hee Won. "In-plane dead reckoning with knee and waist attached gyroscopes." measurement 44.10 (2011): 1860-1868.
[22] Singhal, Toshak, Akshat Harit, and D. N. Vishwakarma. "Kalman Filter Implementation on an Accelerometer sensor data for three state
estimation of a dynamic system." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 1.6 (2012): 330-334.
[23] Brookner, Eli. Frontmatter and Index. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998.
[24] Kose, Alper, Andrea Cereatti, and Ugo Della Croce. "Estimation of traversed distance in level walking using a single inertial measurement unit

attached to the
waist." 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE

Engineering in
Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2011.
zh_TW