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題名 應急行動通訊系統設計
Design of contingency cellular network
作者 黃智賢
Huang, Jyh-Shyan
貢獻者 連耀南
Lien, Yao-Nan
黃智賢
Huang, Jyh-Shyan
關鍵詞 災難管理
緊急通訊
行動通訊
Ad Hoc網路
網路拓樸
佈署行程
頻寬管理
Disaster management
Emergency communication
Mobile communication
Ad Hoc network
Network topology
Deployment scheduling
Bandwidth management
日期 2017
上傳時間 1-Mar-2017 17:13:28 (UTC+8)
摘要 當大型災害來臨，通訊系統對救災效益具有不可或缺的重要性。然而，一般公眾通訊系統，如行動通訊網路等，常因各種不同因素導致系統攤瘓，使得協調大批非組織的救災志工，顯得異常困難。現存多個緊急通訊系統的佈建，需仰頼良好的交通運輸。不幸的是，部分道路和橋樑常因大型災害而斷裂或變型，導致災區對外交通運輸中斷，無法快速的將緊急通訊系統的網路元件，運送至災區佈建。我們提出應急行動通訊系統(Contingency Cellular Network, CCN) 以提供災區救災工作的緊急通訊。部分行動基地台雖然結構完整，但因失去與核心網路連線能力或電力供應，而無法提供服務，成為孤立基地台。應急行動通訊網路(CCN) 搭配無線通訊與衛星通訊技術建置一多重跳接無線網路，以恢復孤立基地台與核心網路連線能力；並配備發電機，提供電力，使孤立基地台可提供有限的服務。救災志工和災民無需使用特殊手持設備或額外的訓練，只需使用原有的手機，即可使用CCN的應急通訊服務。CCN可於第一時間，提供大批救災志工和災民通訊服務，以提高救災效益，因而拯救更多寶貴的生命。
     
     本論文主要聚焦在應急行動通訊系統設計所衍生出的相關議題，如 應急網路需求分析、系統架構設計、網路拓樸規劃、網路頻寬規劃、佈署行程規劃等議題。本論文針對網路拓樸規劃、網路頻寬規劃、佈署行程規劃問題以數學模式進行塑模並證明這些問題為NP-Hard問題。因網路拓樸規劃、網路頻寬規劃、佈署行程規劃需緊急完成，我們也提出啟發式算法快速解決這些規劃問題。實驗結果顯示，這些啟發式算法均具良好的效能。
Communication system is crucial to the efficiency of disaster response operation in the large-scale disaster. However, communication systems, such as cellular networks, usually crashed due to various causes making coordination among disorganized disaster responders extremely difficult. Unfortunately, rapid deployment of many existing emergency communication systems relies on a good transportation system, which is usually not available in a catastrophic natural disaster. We proposed a Contingency Cellular Network (CCN) for emergency communication by connecting disconnected base stations together with wireless links to construct a wireless multi-hop cellular network. CCN can support existing mobile phone users with reduced capability. Such a system can support a large number of disaster responders in the early hours of a catastrophic natural disaster, thus save many lives.
     
     Our research addresses the design issues of the network topology of CCN, such as network topology planning, bandwidth management, deployment scheduling and etc., and we take the degree of emergency and population of each stricken area as the priority measure as well as the available resources as the constraint to determine the network topology. Mathematical models of these design issues are proposed and proved as NP-Hard problems. Since the network topology, bandwidth management, deployment scheduling are needed in urgent, we propose heuristic algorithms to solve these problems quickly. Finally, we evaluated the proposed algorithms by simulation. A significant improvement in resiliency is reached.
參考文獻 [1] G. Aloi et al., “STEM-Net: An Evolutionary Network Architecture for Smart and Sustainable Cities,” Trans. Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, vol. 25, no. 1, Jan. 2014, pp. 21–40.
     [2] H. Aiache et al., “Increasing Public Safety Communications Interoperability: The CHORIST Broadband and Wideband Rapidly Deployable Systems,” Proc. Next Generation Public Safety Communication Networks and Technologies (NGenSafe), Dresden, Germany, Jun. 2009.
     [3] H. Aiache et al., “WIDENS: Advanced Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks for Public Safety,” Proc. IST Mobile & Wireless Communications Summit, Dresden, Germany, Jun. 2005.
     [4] J. Q. Bao and W. C. Lee, “Rapid Deployment of Wireless Ad Hoc Backbone Networks for Public Safety Incident Management,” Proc. Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), Nov. 2007, pp. 1217–21.
     [5] Ning-Hai Bao et al., "Global versus essential post-disaster re-provisioning in telecom mesh networks," IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, vol. 7, no. 5, May 2015, pp. 392-400.
     [6] Y. Bai et al., "Emergency communication system by heterogeneous wireless networking," IEEE Wireless Communications, Networking and Information Security (WCNIS), Jun. 2010, pp. 488-492.
     [7] R. Bruno, M. Conti, and E. Gregori, “Mesh Networks: Commodity Multi-hop Ad Hoc Networks,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 43, no. 3, Mar. 2005, pp. 123–31.
     [8] M. Berioli et al., “Aerospace Communications for Emergency Applications,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 99, no. 11, Nov. 2011, pp. 1922–38.
     [9] E. Cayirci and C. Ersoy, “Application of 3G PCS Technologies to Rapidly Deployable Mobile Networks,” IEEE Network, vol. 16, 2002, pp. 20–27.
     [10] Chalermpol Charnsripinyo, “Topological design of 3G wireless access networks,” in Proc. of TENCON 2004, Nov. 2004.
     [11] Chalermpol Charnsripinyo and David Tipper, “Topological Design of 3G Wireless Backhaul Networks for Service Assurance,” in Proc. of IEEE Design of Reliable Communication Netowrks (DRCN), Oct. 2005.
     [12] Tewfik Doumi et al., "LTE for Public Safety Networks," IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 51, no. 2, Feb. 2013, pp. 106-112.
     [13] Weimin Dong et al., Chi-Chi, Taiwan Earthquake Event Report, Risk Management Solutions, Inc., http://forms2.rms.com/rs/729-DJX-565/images/eq_chi_chi_taiwan_eq.pdf, retrieved Mar. 2010.
     [14] Basima Elshqeirat et al., "A Dynamic Programming Algorithm for Reliable Network Design," IEEE Transactions on Reliability, vol. 63, Apr. 2014, pp. 443-454.
     [15] Basima Elshqeirat et al., "Topology Design with Minimal Cost Subject to Network Reliability Constraint," IEEE Transactions on Reliability, vol. 64, Mar. 2015, pp. 118-131.
     [16] J. Evans, et al., “The Rapidly Deployable Radio Network,” IEEE JSAC, vol. 17, no. 4, Apr. 1999, pp. 689–703.
     [17] S. Ghafoor et al., “Cognitive Radio for Disaster Response Networks: Survey, Potential, and Challenges,” IEEE Wireless Commun., vol. 21, no. 5, Oct. 2014, pp. 70–80.
     [18] Jyh-Shyan Huang, Yao-Nan Lien and Chun-Fu Wang, "Design of multi-path network topology for contingency cellular network," Information and Communication Technologies for Disaster Management (ICT-DM), France, Dec. 2015, pp. 103-108.
     [19] Jyh-Shyan Huang and Yao-Nan Lien, "Challenges of emergency communication network for disaster response," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Communication Systems (ICCS), Singapore, Nov. 2012, pp. 528–532.
     [20] Jyh-Shyan Huang, Yao-Nan Lien and Chih-Lin Hu, "Design of Contingency Cellular Network," in Proc. 2012 14th Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium (APNOMS), Sept. 2012, pp. 1-4.
     [21] Jyh-Shyan Huang, Y.T. Wu, Y.N. Lien, "Bandwidth Allocation for Contingency Cellular Network," in Proc. of Global Wireless Summit 2013, Jun. 2013, pp. 1-6.
     [22] Romain Favraud and Navid Nikaein, "Wireless mesh backhauling for LTE/LTE-A networks," Military Communications Conference, Oct. 2015, pp. 695-700.
     [23] Romain Favraud, Apostolos Apostolaras, Navid Nikaein and Thanasis Korakis, "Toward moving public safety networks," IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 54, no. 3, Mar. 2016, pp. 14-20.
     [24] Daniel Iland and Elizabeth M. Belding, "Emergenet: robust, rapidly deployable cellular networks," IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 52, no. 12, Dec. 2014, pp. 74-80.
     [25] A. Iera et al., “Making a Mesh Router/Gateway from a Smartphone: Is that a Practical Solution?” Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 9, no. 8, Nov. 2011, pp. 1414–29.
     [26] Andrews J., Shakkottai S. and etc al., "Rethinking information theory for mobile ad hoc networks," IEEE Communications Magazine Dec. 2008.
     [27] K.-H. Kim, K. G. Shin, and D. Niculescu, “Mobile Autonomous Router System for Dynamic (Re)formation of Wireless Relay Networks,” IEEE Trans. Mobile Computing, vol. 12, no. 9, 2013, pp. 1828–41.
     [28] Richard E. Krock, "Lack of Emergency Recovery Planning Is a Disaster Waiting to Happen," IEEE Communications Magazine Jan. 2011.
     [29] F. Legendre et al., “30 Years of Wireless Ad Hoc Networking Research: What about Humanitarian and Disaster Relief Solutions? What are We Still Missing?” Proc. 1st Int’l. Conf. Wireless Technologies for Humanitarian Relief (ACWR), Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala, India, Dec. 2011, p. 217.
     [30] Ying-Dar Lin, Yu-Ching Hsu, Mainak Chattterjee and Thomas Kunz, "Multihop cellular: from research to systems, standards, and applications," IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 21, no. 5, Oct. 2014, pp. 12-13.
     [31] Yao-Nan Lien, T.I. Kao and Jyh-Shyan Huang, "Resource Delivery Path Dependent Deployment Scheduling for Contingency Cellular Network," in Proc. of PerNEM2014, Mar. 2014, Hungary.
     [32] Yao-Nan Lien, Hung-Chin Jang, and Tzu-Chieh Tsai, "A MANET Based Emergency Communication and Information System for Catastrophic Natural Disasters," Proc. of IEEE Workshop on Specialized Ad Hoc Networks and Systems, Montreal, Canada, June 26, 2009.
     [33] Yao-Nan Lien, Tsai-I Kao and Jyh-Shyan Huang, "Resource delivery path dependent deployment scheduling for contingency cellular network," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PERCOM Workshops), Hungary, May 2014, pp. 308-313.
     [34] H. Liu et al., “An Automatic, Robust, and Effi cient Multi-User Breadcrumb System for Emergency Response Applications,” IEEE Trans. Mobile Computing, vol. 13, no. 4, April 2014, pp. 723–36.
     [35] Karen Miranda, Antonella Molinaro and Tahiry Razafindralambo, "A survey on rapidly deployable solutions for post-disaster networks," IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 54, no. 4, Apr. 2016, pp. 117-123.
     [36] C. Q. Nguyen et al., “Using Mobile Robots to Establish Mobile Wireless Mesh Networks and Increase Network Throughput,” Int’l. J. Distributed Sensor Networks (IJDSN), vol. 2012, 2012, pp. 1–13.
     [37] N. Pezeshkian, H. G. Nguyen, and A. Burmeister, “Unmanned Ground Vehicle Radio Relay Deployment System for Non-Line-of-Sight Operations,” Proc. 13th IASTED Int’l. Conf. Robotics and Applications, Wurzburg, Germany, 2007, pp. 501–06.
     [38] Yang Ran, "Considerations and Suggestions on Improvement of Communication Network Disaster Countermeasures after the Wenchuan Earthquake," IEEE Communications Magazine Jan. 2011.
     [39] E. Del Re et al., “SALICE Project: Satellite-Assisted Localization and Communication Systems for Emergency Services,” IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Mag., vol. 28, no. 9, Sep. 2013, pp. 4–15.
     [40] J. Reich, V. Misra, D. Rubenstein, and G. Zussman, “Connectivity Maintenance in Mobile Wireless Networks via Constrained Mobility,” IEEE JSAC, vol. 30, no. 5, Jun. 2012, pp. 935–50.
     [41] M. R. Souryal et al., “Real-Time Deployment of Multihop Relays for Range Extension,” Proc. 5th Int’l. Conf. Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys), San Juan, Puerto Rico, Jun. 2007, pp. 85–98.
     [42] Zhenhong Shao, Yongxiang Liu, Yi Wu, Lianfeng Shen, "A Rapid and Reliable Disaster Emergency Mobile Communication System via Aerial Ad Hoc BS Networks," in Proc of IEEE Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM), Sep. 2011.
     [43] Orawan Tipmongkolsilp, Said Zaghloul and Admela Jukan, "The Evolution of Cellular Backhaul Technologies: Current Issues and Future Trends," IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS & TUTORIALS. VOL. 13. NO. 1. FIRST QUARTER 2011
     [44] S. Timotheou and G. Loukas, “Autonomous Networked Robots for the Establishment of Wireless Communication In Uncertain Emergency Response Scenarios,” Proc. 2009 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC), Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, Mar. 2009, pp. 1171–75.
     [45] Sarah Underwood, "Improving Disaster Management," Comm. of ACM, vol. 53, no. 2, Feb. 2010, pp. 18-20.
     [46] A. Wolff, S. Subik, and C. Wietfeld, “Performance Analysis of Highly Available Ad Hoc Surveillance Networks Based on Dropped Units,” Proc. IEEE Conf. Technologies for Homeland Security, Waltham, MA, USA, May 2008, pp. 123–28.
     [47] Kristo Wenjie Yang et al., "Device discovery for multihop cellular networks with its application in LTE," IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 21, no. 5, Oct. 2014, pp. 24-34.
     [48] Hsiao-Tzu You, Yao-Nan Lien, Jyh-Shyan Huang, "A Flow-Aware Placement of Mobile Agent Control Network over Opportunistic Networks Advances in Intelligent Systems and Applications," Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, vol. 20, 2013, pp. 611-623.
     [49] Ling-Yeu Chung, Ta-Yuan Chou and Chung-Chieh Lee, “Multiobjective Dynamic Length Genetic Algorithm to Solve the Emergency Logistic Problem”, International Conference on Advanced Mechatronics, July 2012.
     [50] Yunjun Han and Leyuan Shi, “ Optimization Based Method for Supply Location Selection and Rounting in Large-Scale Emergency Material Delivery”, IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering, VOL. 8, No. 4, Oct. 2011.
     [51] Zheng Lu and Luo Sihui, “Emergency Supplies’ Two Transport Scheduling Model,” International Conference on Transportation, Mechanical, and Electrical Engineering (TMEE), Dec. 2011.
     [52] Pakorn Leesutthipornchai, Naruemon Wattanapongsakorn and Chalermpol Charnsripinyo, “ Efficient Design Techniques for Reliable Wireless Backhaul Networks,” Communications and Information Technologies, December, 2008.
     [53] Jyh-Shyan Huang, Yao-Nan Lien, Y.C. Huang, “Network Topology Planning for Contingency Cellular Netowork,” Proceedings of 17th Mobile Computing Workshop, August, 2012, Taiwan.
     [54] Yao-Nan Lien, Kuan-Chieh Huang and Jyh-Shyan Huang, “Cross Network Topology Design for Contingency Cellular Network,” IEEE Canada International Humanitarian Technology Conference, March, 2014.
描述 博士
國立政治大學
資訊科學學系
96753502
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096753502
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 連耀南zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Lien, Yao-Nanen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 黃智賢zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Huang, Jyh-Shyanen_US
dc.creator (作者) 黃智賢zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Huang, Jyh-Shyanen_US
dc.date (日期) 2017en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Mar-2017 17:13:28 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Mar-2017 17:13:28 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Mar-2017 17:13:28 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0096753502en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/106878-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 資訊科學學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96753502zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 當大型災害來臨，通訊系統對救災效益具有不可或缺的重要性。然而，一般公眾通訊系統，如行動通訊網路等，常因各種不同因素導致系統攤瘓，使得協調大批非組織的救災志工，顯得異常困難。現存多個緊急通訊系統的佈建，需仰頼良好的交通運輸。不幸的是，部分道路和橋樑常因大型災害而斷裂或變型，導致災區對外交通運輸中斷，無法快速的將緊急通訊系統的網路元件，運送至災區佈建。我們提出應急行動通訊系統(Contingency Cellular Network, CCN) 以提供災區救災工作的緊急通訊。部分行動基地台雖然結構完整，但因失去與核心網路連線能力或電力供應，而無法提供服務，成為孤立基地台。應急行動通訊網路(CCN) 搭配無線通訊與衛星通訊技術建置一多重跳接無線網路，以恢復孤立基地台與核心網路連線能力；並配備發電機，提供電力，使孤立基地台可提供有限的服務。救災志工和災民無需使用特殊手持設備或額外的訓練，只需使用原有的手機，即可使用CCN的應急通訊服務。CCN可於第一時間，提供大批救災志工和災民通訊服務，以提高救災效益，因而拯救更多寶貴的生命。
     
     本論文主要聚焦在應急行動通訊系統設計所衍生出的相關議題，如 應急網路需求分析、系統架構設計、網路拓樸規劃、網路頻寬規劃、佈署行程規劃等議題。本論文針對網路拓樸規劃、網路頻寬規劃、佈署行程規劃問題以數學模式進行塑模並證明這些問題為NP-Hard問題。因網路拓樸規劃、網路頻寬規劃、佈署行程規劃需緊急完成，我們也提出啟發式算法快速解決這些規劃問題。實驗結果顯示，這些啟發式算法均具良好的效能。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Communication system is crucial to the efficiency of disaster response operation in the large-scale disaster. However, communication systems, such as cellular networks, usually crashed due to various causes making coordination among disorganized disaster responders extremely difficult. Unfortunately, rapid deployment of many existing emergency communication systems relies on a good transportation system, which is usually not available in a catastrophic natural disaster. We proposed a Contingency Cellular Network (CCN) for emergency communication by connecting disconnected base stations together with wireless links to construct a wireless multi-hop cellular network. CCN can support existing mobile phone users with reduced capability. Such a system can support a large number of disaster responders in the early hours of a catastrophic natural disaster, thus save many lives.
     
     Our research addresses the design issues of the network topology of CCN, such as network topology planning, bandwidth management, deployment scheduling and etc., and we take the degree of emergency and population of each stricken area as the priority measure as well as the available resources as the constraint to determine the network topology. Mathematical models of these design issues are proposed and proved as NP-Hard problems. Since the network topology, bandwidth management, deployment scheduling are needed in urgent, we propose heuristic algorithms to solve these problems quickly. Finally, we evaluated the proposed algorithms by simulation. A significant improvement in resiliency is reached.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 1. Introduction 1
     1.1. Communication Systems Crash 1
     1.2. System Requirements 4
     2. Related Works 9
     2.1. Traditional Communication System for Disaster Response 9
     2.2. Wireless Network Approaches 11
     3. Contingency Cellular Network 18
     3.1. Design Philosophy 18
     3.2. System Architecture of CCN 19
     3.3. System Architecture of EC Module 23
     3.4. The Procedures of Deployment and Operation 27
     3.5. Basic CCN Services 28
     3.6. Design Issues of the CCN 29
     4. Network Topology Design 34
     4.1. Considerations of Network Topology Design 34
     4.2. Related Works 38
     4.3. Comprehensive Network Topology Design Mathematical Model 39
     4.4. Complexity Analysis 43
     4.5. Topology Design Heuristic Algorithm 45
     4.6. Binary Integer Linear Programming Algorithm 49
     4.7. Performance Evaluation 58
     5. Deployment Scheduling 70
     5.1. Considerations of Deployment Scheduling 70
     5.2. Related Works 71
     5.3. Resource Delivery Path Dependent Deployment Scheduling 72
     5.4. Complexity Analysis 75
     5.5. Heuristic DS-ACG Algorithm 78
     5.6. Heuristic DS-UCB Algorithm 78
     5.7. Performance Evaluation 79
     6. Bandwidth Allocation 83
     6.1. Considerations of Bandwidth Allocation 83
     6.2. Bandwidth Allocation Mathematical Model 84
     6.3. Complexity Analysis 85
     6.4. CCN Bandwidth Allocation Heuristic Algorithm 86
     6.5. Performance Evaluation 87
     7. Conclusion 92
     References 95
     Attachment I : Pseudo Code of Maximize Total Profit Process 101
     Attachment II : Pseudo Code of Binary Integer Linear Programming Algorithm 104
     Attachment III : Pseudo Code of Heuristic DS-ACG Algorithm 114
     Attachment IV : Pseudo Code of Heuristic DS-UCB Algorithm 116		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 3830689 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096753502en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 災難管理zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 緊急通訊zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 行動通訊zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Ad Hoc網路zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 網路拓樸zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 佈署行程zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 頻寬管理zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Disaster managementen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Emergency communicationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Mobile communicationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Ad Hoc networken_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Network topologyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Deployment schedulingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Bandwidth managementen_US
dc.title (題名) 應急行動通訊系統設計zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Design of contingency cellular networken_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [1] G. Aloi et al., “STEM-Net: An Evolutionary Network Architecture for Smart and Sustainable Cities,” Trans. Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, vol. 25, no. 1, Jan. 2014, pp. 21–40.
     [2] H. Aiache et al., “Increasing Public Safety Communications Interoperability: The CHORIST Broadband and Wideband Rapidly Deployable Systems,” Proc. Next Generation Public Safety Communication Networks and Technologies (NGenSafe), Dresden, Germany, Jun. 2009.
     [3] H. Aiache et al., “WIDENS: Advanced Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks for Public Safety,” Proc. IST Mobile & Wireless Communications Summit, Dresden, Germany, Jun. 2005.
     [4] J. Q. Bao and W. C. Lee, “Rapid Deployment of Wireless Ad Hoc Backbone Networks for Public Safety Incident Management,” Proc. Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), Nov. 2007, pp. 1217–21.
     [5] Ning-Hai Bao et al., "Global versus essential post-disaster re-provisioning in telecom mesh networks," IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, vol. 7, no. 5, May 2015, pp. 392-400.
     [6] Y. Bai et al., "Emergency communication system by heterogeneous wireless networking," IEEE Wireless Communications, Networking and Information Security (WCNIS), Jun. 2010, pp. 488-492.
     [7] R. Bruno, M. Conti, and E. Gregori, “Mesh Networks: Commodity Multi-hop Ad Hoc Networks,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 43, no. 3, Mar. 2005, pp. 123–31.
     [8] M. Berioli et al., “Aerospace Communications for Emergency Applications,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 99, no. 11, Nov. 2011, pp. 1922–38.
     [9] E. Cayirci and C. Ersoy, “Application of 3G PCS Technologies to Rapidly Deployable Mobile Networks,” IEEE Network, vol. 16, 2002, pp. 20–27.
     [10] Chalermpol Charnsripinyo, “Topological design of 3G wireless access networks,” in Proc. of TENCON 2004, Nov. 2004.
     [11] Chalermpol Charnsripinyo and David Tipper, “Topological Design of 3G Wireless Backhaul Networks for Service Assurance,” in Proc. of IEEE Design of Reliable Communication Netowrks (DRCN), Oct. 2005.
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     [13] Weimin Dong et al., Chi-Chi, Taiwan Earthquake Event Report, Risk Management Solutions, Inc., http://forms2.rms.com/rs/729-DJX-565/images/eq_chi_chi_taiwan_eq.pdf, retrieved Mar. 2010.
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