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題名 原、漢族群工資差距之探討:人力資本與勞動市場條件的再分析
The wage gap between aborigines and han chinese in Taiwan: a reanalysis of impacts of human capital and labor market conditions作者 詹智涵
Chan, Chin-Han貢獻者 關秉寅
Kuan, Ping-Yin
詹智涵
Chan, Chin-Han關鍵詞 工資
原住民
漢人
社經不平等
群體比較
Blinder-Oaxaca差異分解
Wage
Aborigines
Han Chinese
Soci-economic inequality
Group comparison
Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition日期 2017 上傳時間 1-Mar-2017 17:26:49 (UTC+8) 摘要 本研究主旨是從人力資本理論以及勞動市場條件的觀點,來探討原、漢族群的工資不平等之現象根源。長久以來,原住民從成長、學校教育,到進入職場,莫不受各種條件的不足所制,以至於與主流社會的社經處境有難以克服的落差。本研究採用2007年「社會變遷基本調查第五期第三次」階層組以及休閒組調查,和2007年「臺灣原住民社會變遷與政策評估調查研究」,三筆具代表性且規模相近的面訪資料、共2393位私部門受雇者來加以比較。透過群體加權校正,本研究首先透過多元迴歸與交互作用分析,來探討兩族群的人力資本和勞動市場條件與工資取得高低之間的關係。接著,再以經Heckman校正Blinder-Oaxaca差異分解,來分析兩族群工資落差中的結構與現象差異。研究結果顯示,人力資本和勞動市場條件能說明原住民族與漢人之間,確有工資上的族群歧視現象。原住民教育的工資報酬率在義務教育階段後即無顯著效果,而不同於漢人能持續成長;不論是年資、職業聲望或是工作型態,原住民的工資報酬率都顯著也比漢人低落,且影響更勝教育差異。這些現象即使是在差異分解校正結構差異後依舊存在。是故,既有量化研究除了從教育面向來探討原、漢族群社經不平等之外,實應持續重視原住民族進入職場後,所面對的勞動市場問題。
The aim of this research is to study the wage gap between aborigines and Han Chinese in Taiwan. The research explores the impacts of human capital and labor market conditions on the wage gap. Throughuot the life course trajectories of schooling and labor market participation, aborigines in Taiwan persistently face dire straits, resulting in insurmountable soci-economic gaps with Han Chinese. The data sources of the research are from Taiwan Social Changy Survey (TSCS) 2007, Phase 5, Wave 3: The Social Stratification module and The Leisure Time module, and Social Change and Policy of Taiwanese Indigenous Peoples Survey (TIPS) 2007, which are representative to the adult population in Taiwan. The total sample sizes are 2393 employees in private sector and roughly equal in size between two ethnics. With weighting, regression interaction effects were estimated to analyze the impacts of human capital and labor market conditions on wage differences between aborigines and Han Chinese. Moreover, the research uses two-steps Heckman selection model to correct selection bias of labor marke participation as well as Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition to analyze the ethnic disparities in wage.The finding of interaction models show that human capital and labor market conditions can explain the wage gap and reveal the negative effects of discrimination against aborigines. While only the compulsory education has positive effects on aborigines’ wage, Han Chinese could benefit from all stage of education. Job tenures, occupational prestiage, and employment types are more benefitical to Han Chinese than to aborigines, and the impacts of these factors on wage are greater than education. These results are also consistent with decomposition analysis. 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國立政治大學
社會學系
102254014資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102254014 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 關秉寅 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Kuan, Ping-Yin en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 詹智涵 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chan, Chin-Han en_US dc.creator (作者) 詹智涵 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Chan, Chin-Han en_US dc.date (日期) 2017 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Mar-2017 17:26:49 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Mar-2017 17:26:49 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Mar-2017 17:26:49 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0102254014 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/106944 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 社會學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 102254014 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究主旨是從人力資本理論以及勞動市場條件的觀點,來探討原、漢族群的工資不平等之現象根源。長久以來,原住民從成長、學校教育,到進入職場,莫不受各種條件的不足所制,以至於與主流社會的社經處境有難以克服的落差。本研究採用2007年「社會變遷基本調查第五期第三次」階層組以及休閒組調查,和2007年「臺灣原住民社會變遷與政策評估調查研究」,三筆具代表性且規模相近的面訪資料、共2393位私部門受雇者來加以比較。透過群體加權校正,本研究首先透過多元迴歸與交互作用分析,來探討兩族群的人力資本和勞動市場條件與工資取得高低之間的關係。接著,再以經Heckman校正Blinder-Oaxaca差異分解,來分析兩族群工資落差中的結構與現象差異。研究結果顯示,人力資本和勞動市場條件能說明原住民族與漢人之間,確有工資上的族群歧視現象。原住民教育的工資報酬率在義務教育階段後即無顯著效果,而不同於漢人能持續成長;不論是年資、職業聲望或是工作型態,原住民的工資報酬率都顯著也比漢人低落,且影響更勝教育差異。這些現象即使是在差異分解校正結構差異後依舊存在。是故,既有量化研究除了從教育面向來探討原、漢族群社經不平等之外,實應持續重視原住民族進入職場後,所面對的勞動市場問題。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) The aim of this research is to study the wage gap between aborigines and Han Chinese in Taiwan. The research explores the impacts of human capital and labor market conditions on the wage gap. Throughuot the life course trajectories of schooling and labor market participation, aborigines in Taiwan persistently face dire straits, resulting in insurmountable soci-economic gaps with Han Chinese. The data sources of the research are from Taiwan Social Changy Survey (TSCS) 2007, Phase 5, Wave 3: The Social Stratification module and The Leisure Time module, and Social Change and Policy of Taiwanese Indigenous Peoples Survey (TIPS) 2007, which are representative to the adult population in Taiwan. The total sample sizes are 2393 employees in private sector and roughly equal in size between two ethnics. With weighting, regression interaction effects were estimated to analyze the impacts of human capital and labor market conditions on wage differences between aborigines and Han Chinese. Moreover, the research uses two-steps Heckman selection model to correct selection bias of labor marke participation as well as Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition to analyze the ethnic disparities in wage.The finding of interaction models show that human capital and labor market conditions can explain the wage gap and reveal the negative effects of discrimination against aborigines. While only the compulsory education has positive effects on aborigines’ wage, Han Chinese could benefit from all stage of education. Job tenures, occupational prestiage, and employment types are more benefitical to Han Chinese than to aborigines, and the impacts of these factors on wage are greater than education. These results are also consistent with decomposition analysis. Other than education inequality, the finding of this research suggests that future studies of ethnic disparities in soci-economic inequality should concern more about ethnic differences in labor market conditons. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 目錄 i附圖與統計表目錄 iii中文摘要 vAbstract vi第一章 前言 1一、原住民社經處境的近年趨勢 1二、台灣族群與社會不平等研究之進程 4三、研究問題聚焦 5第二章 文獻回顧 9一、職前的人力資本投資與代間傳承 10二、族群化的勞動市場條件:原、漢族群的職場差異 15三、勞動市場成就之中的社會差別待遇 20四、小結:原、漢族群社經不平等研究的再思考 22第三章 資料來源、研究假設與分析方法 24一、資料來源 24二、研究變項與資料管理說明 25三、研究假設 29四、分析方法 29第四章 描述統計分析結果 43一、總樣本之描述統計 43二、兩世代樣本之描述統計 46第五章 分析結果 50一、整體勞動市場下,原、漢族群工資取得之概況 50二、原、漢族群合併樣本之工資取得的比較分析 56三、原、漢族群之工資取得的交互作用分析結果 59四、原、漢族群經濟不平等的再比較:差異分解結果 69五、小結 78第六章 結論與討論 80一、主要研究結論 80二、研究限制與討論 83參考文獻 85附錄 94附錄一:近十年原、漢族群社會經濟、職業以及產業等相關比例分配 94附錄二:原、漢族群社經不平等之歷年研究資料表 100附錄三:總樣本之變項相關性及多重共線性診斷 102附錄四:區隔性別之原、漢族群工資差距的交互作用與差異分解分析 105 zh_TW dc.format.extent 3895763 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102254014 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 工資 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 原住民 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 漢人 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 社經不平等 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 群體比較 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Blinder-Oaxaca差異分解 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Wage en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Aborigines en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Han Chinese en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Soci-economic inequality en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Group comparison en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition en_US dc.title (題名) 原、漢族群工資差距之探討:人力資本與勞動市場條件的再分析 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The wage gap between aborigines and han chinese in Taiwan: a reanalysis of impacts of human capital and labor market conditions en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 原住民族委員會,1987,〈臺灣地區山地族籍學生升學優待辦法〉。行政院原住民族委員會。原住民族委員會,2004-2015,《原住民就業狀況調查報告書》。行政院原住民族委員會。主計處,2004-2015,《人力運用調查報告書》。行政院主計處。李亦園,1983,《山地行政政策之研究與評估報告書》。台灣省政府民政廳委託研究計畫報告。蔡淑鈴,1988,〈社會地位取得:山地、閩客、及外省之比較〉。頁1-44,收錄於楊國樞、瞿海源編,《變遷中的台灣社會》。台北:南港。蔡淑鈴,2004,〈高等教育擴展對教育機會分配的影響〉。《臺灣社會學》7: 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