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題名 委外代工、工資差異化與失業：異質生產力廠商模型的詮釋
Outsourcing, Unions Wage and Unemployment under Heterogenous Firm Model作者 徐兆璿 貢獻者 翁永和
Weng, Yungho
徐兆璿關鍵詞 委外代工
異質生產力
Outsourcing
Heterogenous productivity日期 2017 上傳時間 1-Mar-2017 17:27:43 (UTC+8) 摘要 如今世界貿易的型態大多以中間財貿易為主，這些中間財貿易，來自於國與國之間的委外代工，中間財或者零組件透過貿易的方式運送回母國組裝。然而Melitz(2003)指出生產力差異是新貿易理論重要的議題，也就是說，研究今日的委外代工行為，必須考慮廠商之間生產力的差異，而本文就是以此點當作立論的依據，進行模型分析。 因為異質生產力的因素，使得每一家廠商的邊際生產力皆不相同，於是中間財委外代的程度亦不相同。並且，考慮委外代工產生的固定成本，生產力對於委外代工程度的影響關係曲線呈現凹性，這使得工資水準和委外代工程度的關係呈現不確定的現象。 我們將產業的類型區分為高中間財依存度廠商，例如製造產業就是屬於這類型；以及高最終財依存度廠商，例如高科技產業屬於這類型。在高中間財依存度的產業中，開放海外生產，會使得產業的平均工資上漲，壓縮良好的工作，擴張劣等工作，均衡失業率上升。當開放海外生產，高最終財部門依存度產業中，國內的平均工資與失業率變化是不確定的。
Most of the types of world trade today are dominated by intermediate trade, which are derived from outsourcing or offshoring. Melitz (2003) pointed out that the difference in productivity is an important issue in the new trade theory, that is, the study of today`s outsourcing foundry behavior, we must consider the difference between the productivity of manufacturers, and this article is based on this point as a basis, Carry out model analysis.Because the heterogeneity of productivity factors, making each company`s marginal productivity are not the same, so the level of the middle finance committee is not the same. Moreover, considering the fixed costs generated by the outsourcing of foundry, the relationship between the productivity and the degree of subordinate foundry is concave, which makes the relationship between the wage level and the degree of outsourcing found an uncertain phenomenon.We classify the types of industries into Manufacturing and Headquarter industry. In Manufacturing industries, offshoring will make the industry`s average wage rise, a good job compression, expansion of poor work, increases unemployment rate. However, under Headquarter industry, the domestic average wage and unemployment rate changes will be uncertain, if they decide offshoring.參考文獻 Acemoglu, Daron; Gino Gancia & Fabrizio Zilibotti (2012), “Offshoring and directed technical change,” NBER working paper.Braun, S., Scheffel, J., (2007a), “A Note on the Effect of Outsourcing on Union Wages,” Discussion Paper, 2007-034, Humboldt University, Berlin.Braun, S., and J. Scheffel (2007b), “Does International Outsourcing Depress Union Wages?” Discussion Papers, SFB649DP2007-033, Sonderforschungsbereich 649, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.Davis, Donald R. and James Harrigan (2011), “Good Jobs, Bad Jobs, and Trade Liberalization.” Journal of International Economics.Girma, S. and H. Gorg (2003), “Outsourcing, Foreign Ownership and Productivity: Evidence from UK establishment level data,” Review of International Economics, 12(5), 817-832.Grossman, G.M., Helpman, E. and Adam Szeidl (2006), “Optimal integration strategies for the multinational .rm,” Journal of International Economics, 70, 216-238.Grossman, G. and E. Rossi-Hansberg (2008), “Trading Tasks: A Simple Theory of Offshoring,” American Economic Review, 98(5), 1978-97.Helpman, E, M. Melitz and S. Yeaple (2004), “Export versus FDI with heterogeneous firms,” American Economic Review, 94, 1, pp. 300-317.Kramarz, F. (2008), “Offshoring, wages, and employment: Evidence from data matching imports, firms, and workers,” CREST-INSEE mimeo.Koskela, Erkki and Rune Stenbacka (2009), “Equilibrium unemployment withoutsourcing under labour market imperfections,” Labour Economics, 16 (3), 284–290.Koskela, E., and Schöb, R. (2010), “Outsourcing of unionized firms and the impact of labor market policy reforms,” Review of International Economics, 18 (4), 682-695.Lommerud, K.E., Meland, F. and Straume, O. R. (2009), “Can Deunionization Lead to International Outsourcing?" Journal of Interntional Economics, 77, 109-119.Melitz, M. (2003), “The impact of trade on intraindustry reallocations and aggregate industry productivity,” Econometrica, 71, pp 1695-1725.Munch, J.R. and J.R. Skagsten (2009), “Specialization, outsourcing and wages,” Review of World Economics, 145, pp. 57-73.Skaksen, J.R. (2004), “International Outsourcing When Labour Markets Are Unionized,” Canadian Journal of Economics, 37, 78-94.Tomiura, Eiichi (2007), “Foreign outsourcing, exporting, and FDI: A productivity comparison at the firm level,” Journal of International Economics, 72, (1), 113-127. 描述 博士
國立政治大學
經濟學系
103258501資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1032585011 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 翁永和 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Weng, Yungho en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 徐兆璿 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) 徐兆璿 zh_TW dc.date (日期) 2017 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Mar-2017 17:27:43 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Mar-2017 17:27:43 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Mar-2017 17:27:43 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G1032585011 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/106949 - dc.description (描述) 博士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 經濟學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 103258501 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 如今世界貿易的型態大多以中間財貿易為主，這些中間財貿易，來自於國與國之間的委外代工，中間財或者零組件透過貿易的方式運送回母國組裝。然而Melitz(2003)指出生產力差異是新貿易理論重要的議題，也就是說，研究今日的委外代工行為，必須考慮廠商之間生產力的差異，而本文就是以此點當作立論的依據，進行模型分析。 因為異質生產力的因素，使得每一家廠商的邊際生產力皆不相同，於是中間財委外代的程度亦不相同。並且，考慮委外代工產生的固定成本，生產力對於委外代工程度的影響關係曲線呈現凹性，這使得工資水準和委外代工程度的關係呈現不確定的現象。 我們將產業的類型區分為高中間財依存度廠商，例如製造產業就是屬於這類型；以及高最終財依存度廠商，例如高科技產業屬於這類型。在高中間財依存度的產業中，開放海外生產，會使得產業的平均工資上漲，壓縮良好的工作，擴張劣等工作，均衡失業率上升。當開放海外生產，高最終財部門依存度產業中，國內的平均工資與失業率變化是不確定的。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Most of the types of world trade today are dominated by intermediate trade, which are derived from outsourcing or offshoring. Melitz (2003) pointed out that the difference in productivity is an important issue in the new trade theory, that is, the study of today`s outsourcing foundry behavior, we must consider the difference between the productivity of manufacturers, and this article is based on this point as a basis, Carry out model analysis.Because the heterogeneity of productivity factors, making each company`s marginal productivity are not the same, so the level of the middle finance committee is not the same. Moreover, considering the fixed costs generated by the outsourcing of foundry, the relationship between the productivity and the degree of subordinate foundry is concave, which makes the relationship between the wage level and the degree of outsourcing found an uncertain phenomenon.We classify the types of industries into Manufacturing and Headquarter industry. In Manufacturing industries, offshoring will make the industry`s average wage rise, a good job compression, expansion of poor work, increases unemployment rate. However, under Headquarter industry, the domestic average wage and unemployment rate changes will be uncertain, if they decide offshoring. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 一 前言 11.1 異質生產力廠商模型下，討論委外代工之相關文獻 31.2 異質生產力廠商模型下的委外代工與失業率之相關文獻 6二 異質性生產力廠商於委外代工與工會環境下模型設定 82.1 異質廠商的生產行為 (第四階段) 92.2 勞動市場、工會與工資決定 (第三階段) 112.3 最適委外代工 (第二階段) 142.4 最適委外代工下的比較靜態分析 202.5 廠商的自由進出決定（第一階段） 232.6 生產力異質廠商委外代工與議價工資關係之總結 24三 效率工資與失業模型 263.1效率工資 263.2 以產業觀點下的效率工資與失業率 293.3 效率工資與Antrâs and Helpman (2004) 模型的連結 32四 委外代工模型 344.1 消費者最適選擇 344.2 生產者的最適選擇 354.3 商品市場均衡 374.4 勞動市場均衡 41五 開放海外委外代工模型分析 435.1 高 部門依存度產業之海外生產開放情況 475.2 高 部門依存度產業之海外生產開放情況 50六 結論與政策建議 576.1 結論 576.2 政策建議 58七 文獻回顧 60附錄 62 zh_TW dc.format.extent 844898 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1032585011 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 委外代工 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 異質生產力 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Outsourcing en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Heterogenous productivity en_US dc.title (題名) 委外代工、工資差異化與失業：異質生產力廠商模型的詮釋 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Outsourcing, Unions Wage and Unemployment under Heterogenous Firm Model en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Acemoglu, Daron; Gino Gancia & Fabrizio Zilibotti (2012), “Offshoring and directed technical change,” NBER working paper.Braun, S., Scheffel, J., (2007a), “A Note on the Effect of Outsourcing on Union Wages,” Discussion Paper, 2007-034, Humboldt University, Berlin.Braun, S., and J. Scheffel (2007b), “Does International Outsourcing Depress Union Wages?” Discussion Papers, SFB649DP2007-033, Sonderforschungsbereich 649, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.Davis, Donald R. and James Harrigan (2011), “Good Jobs, Bad Jobs, and Trade Liberalization.” Journal of International Economics.Girma, S. and H. Gorg (2003), “Outsourcing, Foreign Ownership and Productivity: Evidence from UK establishment level data,” Review of International Economics, 12(5), 817-832.Grossman, G.M., Helpman, E. and Adam Szeidl (2006), “Optimal integration strategies for the multinational .rm,” Journal of International Economics, 70, 216-238.Grossman, G. and E. Rossi-Hansberg (2008), “Trading Tasks: A Simple Theory of Offshoring,” American Economic Review, 98(5), 1978-97.Helpman, E, M. Melitz and S. Yeaple (2004), “Export versus FDI with heterogeneous firms,” American Economic Review, 94, 1, pp. 300-317.Kramarz, F. (2008), “Offshoring, wages, and employment: Evidence from data matching imports, firms, and workers,” CREST-INSEE mimeo.Koskela, Erkki and Rune Stenbacka (2009), “Equilibrium unemployment withoutsourcing under labour market imperfections,” Labour Economics, 16 (3), 284–290.Koskela, E., and Schöb, R. (2010), “Outsourcing of unionized firms and the impact of labor market policy reforms,” Review of International Economics, 18 (4), 682-695.Lommerud, K.E., Meland, F. and Straume, O. R. (2009), “Can Deunionization Lead to International Outsourcing?" Journal of Interntional Economics, 77, 109-119.Melitz, M. (2003), “The impact of trade on intraindustry reallocations and aggregate industry productivity,” Econometrica, 71, pp 1695-1725.Munch, J.R. and J.R. Skagsten (2009), “Specialization, outsourcing and wages,” Review of World Economics, 145, pp. 57-73.Skaksen, J.R. (2004), “International Outsourcing When Labour Markets Are Unionized,” Canadian Journal of Economics, 37, 78-94.Tomiura, Eiichi (2007), “Foreign outsourcing, exporting, and FDI: A productivity comparison at the firm level,” Journal of International Economics, 72, (1), 113-127. zh_TW
