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題名 產業間性別薪資差異與產業特性之關聯性
The relationship between the inter-industry gender wage gaps and industrial characteristics
作者 張嘉純
Chang, Chia Chun
貢獻者 陳鎮洲
Chen, Jennjou
張嘉純
Chang, Chia Chun
關鍵詞 性別薪資差異
性別歧視
產業特性
台灣
Gender wage gap
Sex discrimination
Industrial characteristics
Taiwan
日期 2017
上傳時間 5-Apr-2017 15:39:27 (UTC+8)
摘要 在台灣勞動市場中，性別薪資差異一直都存在著。在 2015 年，女性勞工平均薪資大約為男性平均薪資的 85.57%，這個比率在過去 20 年間一直不斷上升，顯示出性別薪資差異逐年地縮小。而在解釋性別薪資差異大小的變數中，產業是其中一個很重要的解釋變數，因此本研究利用台灣主計處的人力運用調查資料，檢驗產業間性別薪資差異與產業特性之間的關連。實證結果顯示出部分產業特性確實會影響產業間性別薪資差異的大小，該產業的平均勞工年齡越大，該產業的性別薪資差異越小；工作地點在北部的比率越高， 會使得該產業的性別薪資差異越小；其他像是平均勞工任期長短 、特定職業的比率等等也會影響該產業內性別薪資差異的大小。
In Taiwan, gender wage gap has existed for long in the labor market. However, proportion of average female salary to average male salary was about 85.57% in 2015 and this ratio has been growing in recent years. Besides, among all factors that can account for the gender wage gaps, industry plays an important role. Using data from the Manpower Utilization Survey, this study examines the inter-industry gender wage gaps in Taiwan with a focus on the correlation between these inter-industry gender wage gaps and characteristics of different industry sectors. The results confirm that some industrial characteristics do affect the magnitude of sex discrimination. Average age, job tenure, proportion of certain working locations and specific occupations have an impact on inter-industry gender wage gaps.
參考文獻 Becker, G. S. (1957): “The Economics of Discrimination,” Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Bibb, R. and Form, W. H. (1977): “The Effects of Industrial, Occupational, and Sex Stratification on Wages in Blue-Collar Markets,” Social Forces, 55(4), 974–996.
Chuang, H. L., Lin, E. S. (2015): “The Interindustry Gender Wage Gap: Evidence from the Financial and Insurance Industry ,” Midwest Economic Association 72nd Annual Meeting, Chicago, Illinois, U. S. A., March 14-16, 2008
Dickens, W. T. and Katz, L. F. (1987): “Inter-industry Wage Differences and Theories of Wage Discrimination,” Working paper no. 2271. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 1987.
Edin, PA. and Zetterberg, J. (2001): “Interindustry Wage Differentials: Evidence from Sweden and a Comparison with the United States,” The American Economic Review, 82(5), 341–1349.
Fan, C. S. and Lui, H. K. (2003): “Structural Change and the Narrowing Gender Gap in Wages: Theory and Evidence from Hong Kong,” Labour Economics, 10, 609–626.
Fang, Z., and Sakellariou, C. (2001): “A Case of Sticky Floors: Gender Wage Differentials in Thailand,” Asian Economic Journal, 25(1), 35–54.
Fields, J. and Wolff, E. N. (1995): “Interindustry Wage Differentials and the Gender Wage Gap,” Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 49(1), 105–120.
Gannicott, K. (1986): “Women, Wages, and Discrimination: Some Evidence from Taiwan,” Economic Development and Cultural Change, 34(3), 721–730.
Gannon, B., Plasman, R., Rycx, F. and Tojerow, I. (2007): “Interindustry Wage Differentials and the Gender Wage Gap: Evidence from European Countries,” The Economic and Social Review, 38(1), 135–155.
Hodson, R. and England, P. (1986): “Industrial Structure and Sex Differences in Earnings,” Journal of Economics, 25(1), 16–32
Horrace, W. C. and Oaxaca, R. L. (2001): “Interindustry Wage Differentials and the Gender Wage Gap: An Identification Problem,” Industrial and Labor 63 Relations Review, 54(3), 611–618.
Hsu, M., Chen, B. L., Fang, J, D. (2006): “The Effects of Industrial Structure and Sex Discrimination on Changes in Female and Male Wage Differential in Taiwan 1978-2003,” Asian Economic Journal, 34(4), 505–539.
Kao, C., Polachek, S. W. and Wunnava, P. V. (1994): “Male-Female Wage Differentials in Taiwan: A Human Capital Approach,” Economic Development and Cultural Change, 42(2), 351–374.
Kapsos, S. (2009): “The Gender Wage Gap in Bangladesh,” ILO Asia-Pacific Working Paper Series, International Labour Organization.
Krueger, A. B. and Summers, L. H. (1988): “Efficiency Wages and InterIndustry Wage Structure”, Econometrica, 56(2), 259–293.
Lin, E. S. (2010): “Gender Wage Gaps by College Major in Taiwan: Empirical Evidence from the 1978–2003 Manpower Utilization Survey,” Economics of Education Review, 29(1), 156–164.
Liu, J. T. and Liu, J. L. (1987): “Male-Female Wage Differentials in Taiwan,” The Chinese Economic Association Annual Conference Proceedings, 107–136.
Macpherson, D. A. and Hirsh, B. T. (1995): “Wages and gender composition: Why do women’s jobs pay less?” Journal of Labor Economics, 13(3), 426–471.
Mincer, J. and Polachek, S. (1974): “Family Investment in Human Capital: Earnings of Women,” Journal of Political Economy, 82(2), S76–108.
Neumark, D. (1988): “Employers` Discriminatory Behavior and the Estimation of Wage Discrimination, ” Journal of Human Resources, 23(3), 279–295.
Roos, P. A. (1981): “Sex stratification in the workplace: Male-female differences in economic returns to occupation,” Journal of Economics, 10(3), 195–224.
Seguino, S. (2007): “PlusÇa Change?1 evidence on global trends in gender norms and stereotypes,” Feminist Economics, 13(2), 1–18.
Tan, L. (1998): “Gender Wage Differentials in Private and Public Sector Jobs for Taiwan, ” Proceedings of the National Science Council, Republic of China, Pt. Humani-ties and Social Sciences, 8(2), 335–348.
Tseng, M. (2001): “The Changes of Gender Differences in Earnings in Taiwan: 1982, 1992 and 2000,” Journal of Population Studies, 23, 147–199.
Ural, B. P., Horrace, W. C. and Jung, J. H. (2009): “Interindustry Gender Wage 64 Gaps by Knowledge Intensity: Discrimination and Technology in Korea,” Applied Economics, 41(11), 1437–1452.
Yun, M. S. and Lin, E. S. (2015):“Alternative Estimator for Industrial Gender Wage Gaps: A Normalized Regression Approach,” Pacific Economic Review, 20(4), 569–587.
Zveglich, J. E., Y. van der M. Rodgers, and Rodgers, W. M. (1997): “The Persistence of Gender Earnings Inequality in Taiwan, 1978–1992,” Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 50(4), 594–609.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
經濟學系
104258004
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0104258004
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 陳鎮洲zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chen, Jennjouen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 張嘉純zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chang, Chia Chunen_US
dc.creator (作者) 張嘉純zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chang, Chia Chunen_US
dc.date (日期) 2017en_US
dc.date.accessioned 5-Apr-2017 15:39:27 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 5-Apr-2017 15:39:27 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-Apr-2017 15:39:27 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0104258004en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/108132-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 經濟學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 104258004zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 在台灣勞動市場中，性別薪資差異一直都存在著。在 2015 年，女性勞工平均薪資大約為男性平均薪資的 85.57%，這個比率在過去 20 年間一直不斷上升，顯示出性別薪資差異逐年地縮小。而在解釋性別薪資差異大小的變數中，產業是其中一個很重要的解釋變數，因此本研究利用台灣主計處的人力運用調查資料，檢驗產業間性別薪資差異與產業特性之間的關連。實證結果顯示出部分產業特性確實會影響產業間性別薪資差異的大小，該產業的平均勞工年齡越大，該產業的性別薪資差異越小；工作地點在北部的比率越高， 會使得該產業的性別薪資差異越小；其他像是平均勞工任期長短 、特定職業的比率等等也會影響該產業內性別薪資差異的大小。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) In Taiwan, gender wage gap has existed for long in the labor market. However, proportion of average female salary to average male salary was about 85.57% in 2015 and this ratio has been growing in recent years. Besides, among all factors that can account for the gender wage gaps, industry plays an important role. Using data from the Manpower Utilization Survey, this study examines the inter-industry gender wage gaps in Taiwan with a focus on the correlation between these inter-industry gender wage gaps and characteristics of different industry sectors. The results confirm that some industrial characteristics do affect the magnitude of sex discrimination. Average age, job tenure, proportion of certain working locations and specific occupations have an impact on inter-industry gender wage gaps.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Introduction 1
Literature Review 3
Data Source and Descriptive Statistics 9
Empirical Model and Results 22
Conclusion 41
Appendix 46
Reference 62		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1734690 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0104258004en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 性別薪資差異zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 性別歧視zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 產業特性zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 台灣zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Gender wage gapen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Sex discriminationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Industrial characteristicsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Taiwanen_US
dc.title (題名) 產業間性別薪資差異與產業特性之關聯性zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The relationship between the inter-industry gender wage gaps and industrial characteristicsen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Becker, G. S. (1957): “The Economics of Discrimination,” Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Bibb, R. and Form, W. H. (1977): “The Effects of Industrial, Occupational, and Sex Stratification on Wages in Blue-Collar Markets,” Social Forces, 55(4), 974–996.
Chuang, H. L., Lin, E. S. (2015): “The Interindustry Gender Wage Gap: Evidence from the Financial and Insurance Industry ,” Midwest Economic Association 72nd Annual Meeting, Chicago, Illinois, U. S. A., March 14-16, 2008
Dickens, W. T. and Katz, L. F. (1987): “Inter-industry Wage Differences and Theories of Wage Discrimination,” Working paper no. 2271. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 1987.
Edin, PA. and Zetterberg, J. (2001): “Interindustry Wage Differentials: Evidence from Sweden and a Comparison with the United States,” The American Economic Review, 82(5), 341–1349.
Fan, C. S. and Lui, H. K. (2003): “Structural Change and the Narrowing Gender Gap in Wages: Theory and Evidence from Hong Kong,” Labour Economics, 10, 609–626.
Fang, Z., and Sakellariou, C. (2001): “A Case of Sticky Floors: Gender Wage Differentials in Thailand,” Asian Economic Journal, 25(1), 35–54.
Fields, J. and Wolff, E. N. (1995): “Interindustry Wage Differentials and the Gender Wage Gap,” Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 49(1), 105–120.
Gannicott, K. (1986): “Women, Wages, and Discrimination: Some Evidence from Taiwan,” Economic Development and Cultural Change, 34(3), 721–730.
Gannon, B., Plasman, R., Rycx, F. and Tojerow, I. (2007): “Interindustry Wage Differentials and the Gender Wage Gap: Evidence from European Countries,” The Economic and Social Review, 38(1), 135–155.
Hodson, R. and England, P. (1986): “Industrial Structure and Sex Differences in Earnings,” Journal of Economics, 25(1), 16–32
Horrace, W. C. and Oaxaca, R. L. (2001): “Interindustry Wage Differentials and the Gender Wage Gap: An Identification Problem,” Industrial and Labor 63 Relations Review, 54(3), 611–618.
Hsu, M., Chen, B. L., Fang, J, D. (2006): “The Effects of Industrial Structure and Sex Discrimination on Changes in Female and Male Wage Differential in Taiwan 1978-2003,” Asian Economic Journal, 34(4), 505–539.
Kao, C., Polachek, S. W. and Wunnava, P. V. (1994): “Male-Female Wage Differentials in Taiwan: A Human Capital Approach,” Economic Development and Cultural Change, 42(2), 351–374.
Kapsos, S. (2009): “The Gender Wage Gap in Bangladesh,” ILO Asia-Pacific Working Paper Series, International Labour Organization.
Krueger, A. B. and Summers, L. H. (1988): “Efficiency Wages and InterIndustry Wage Structure”, Econometrica, 56(2), 259–293.
Lin, E. S. (2010): “Gender Wage Gaps by College Major in Taiwan: Empirical Evidence from the 1978–2003 Manpower Utilization Survey,” Economics of Education Review, 29(1), 156–164.
Liu, J. T. and Liu, J. L. (1987): “Male-Female Wage Differentials in Taiwan,” The Chinese Economic Association Annual Conference Proceedings, 107–136.
Macpherson, D. A. and Hirsh, B. T. (1995): “Wages and gender composition: Why do women’s jobs pay less?” Journal of Labor Economics, 13(3), 426–471.
Mincer, J. and Polachek, S. (1974): “Family Investment in Human Capital: Earnings of Women,” Journal of Political Economy, 82(2), S76–108.
Neumark, D. (1988): “Employers` Discriminatory Behavior and the Estimation of Wage Discrimination, ” Journal of Human Resources, 23(3), 279–295.
Roos, P. A. (1981): “Sex stratification in the workplace: Male-female differences in economic returns to occupation,” Journal of Economics, 10(3), 195–224.
Seguino, S. (2007): “PlusÇa Change?1 evidence on global trends in gender norms and stereotypes,” Feminist Economics, 13(2), 1–18.
Tan, L. (1998): “Gender Wage Differentials in Private and Public Sector Jobs for Taiwan, ” Proceedings of the National Science Council, Republic of China, Pt. Humani-ties and Social Sciences, 8(2), 335–348.
Tseng, M. (2001): “The Changes of Gender Differences in Earnings in Taiwan: 1982, 1992 and 2000,” Journal of Population Studies, 23, 147–199.
Ural, B. P., Horrace, W. C. and Jung, J. H. (2009): “Interindustry Gender Wage 64 Gaps by Knowledge Intensity: Discrimination and Technology in Korea,” Applied Economics, 41(11), 1437–1452.
Yun, M. S. and Lin, E. S. (2015):“Alternative Estimator for Industrial Gender Wage Gaps: A Normalized Regression Approach,” Pacific Economic Review, 20(4), 569–587.
Zveglich, J. E., Y. van der M. Rodgers, and Rodgers, W. M. (1997): “The Persistence of Gender Earnings Inequality in Taiwan, 1978–1992,” Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 50(4), 594–609.		zh_TW