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題名 公司治理對企業使用避稅天堂的影響
The effect of corporate governance on the usage of tax havens作者 葉申誼
Yeh, Shen Yi貢獻者 蘇威傑
Su, Wei Jie
葉申誼
Yeh, Shen Yi關鍵詞 避稅天堂
公司治理
Corporate governance
Tax haven日期 2017 上傳時間 3-Jul-2017 14:33:40 (UTC+8) 摘要 公司治理是否影響企業使用避稅天堂的程度?本論文想要探討到底是怎麼樣的公司治理情形會影響台灣上市公司到避稅天堂設立海外子公司。由於避稅天堂可以提供低稅率或甚至是免稅給予外國企業,且有著複雜且保密的交易活動讓政府不易察覺與監督,使得避稅天堂容易變成各國企業逃稅的秘密基地。在這樣的情形下,我認為專業經理人所經營的企業,通常擁有較佳的公司治理機制,因此會把企業帶向良好的發展方向,且有抑制企業進行非法或不道德等行為,所以專業經理人所經營的企業會較少使用避稅天堂;反觀大股東持股數愈多或是家族企業可能會為了自己利益,造成公司的治理機制變差,讓公司處在道德風險高的經營環境中,因此我推論這樣的公司使用避稅天堂的程度也會較高。本研究蒐集自公開資訊觀測站與台灣經濟新報(TEJ)資料庫,進行負二項回歸分析,實證結果顯示家族企業比非家族企業更容易在避稅天堂設立海外子公司;專業經理人治理企業比非專業經理人控制企業更不容易使用避稅天堂;大股東持股數愈多的企業會更容易在避稅天堂設立子公司。因此台灣政府更應該關注家族企業及大股東持股數多的企業,且家族企業可以多聘用專業經理人讓公司治理情形變更加完善。
Does corporate governance affect the usage of tax havens? Establishing offshore companies in tax haven is an ethically controversial business practice, enabling companies to evade tax or hide illegal activities. Because tax havens offer a favorable tax to its taxpayers and they maintain a system of financial secrecy, numerous companies choose tax haven as a way to reduce or avoid tax. The purpose of this study is to examine what kind of corporate governance will make companies be more likely to set offshore companies in tax havens. I argue that corporations with professional managers compared with other companies would have a better corporate governance. Generally, professional manager possess professional managing abilities that can inhibit companies from processing illegal or unethical practice, so it will take companies to a good direction. As a result, I argue that companies with professional managers are less likely to set affiliated companies in tax havens. Nevertheless, family corporation or the companies with controlling shareholders have a worse corporate governance. Since they might deprive public profits for private interests so that their corporate governance would become worse. Therefore, I argue family corporate and companies with large shareholders are more likely to establish offshore companies in tax haven. The evidences show that family corporations and companies with large shareholders are more likely to set up companies in tax haven; however, professional managers’ companies are less likely to set offshore affiliates in tax haven.參考文獻 Broomfield, M. (2016), “Panama Papers: the world`s top tax havens,” INDEPENDENTBushra, F. K., Hakeem, H., Hassnain, R. and Noor, A.H. (2017), “The Role of Tax Havens in the Tax Revenue Development and Its Reflection on the PublicRevenues of the Developing Countries: An Empirical Study in Iraq (2004-2014)” Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 8(2): 289-300.Desai, M., and Dharmapala, D. (2006), “Corporate tax avoidance and high-powered incentives,” Journal of Financial Economics, 79(1): 145-179.Dharmapala, D., and Hines, J. R. (2009), “Which countries become tax haven?” , Journal of Public Economics, 93: 1058–1068.Fama, E. F., and Jensen, M. C. (1983), “Separation of ownership and control,” Journal of Law and Economics, 26(2): 301-325.Fukuyama, F (1995), Trust: The social virtues and the creation of prosperity. New York: Free Press.Gabriel Z. (2013), La richesse cachée des nations. France: The Seuil.Guttorm, S. (2009), “Tax havens and development,” NOU Official Norwegian Reports, 19, 15-17.Manoj, S. (2016), “Taking a Look at Tax Havens,” InvestopediaMonks, R. A. G. and Minow, N. (2011), Corporate Governance. United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons.La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., and Shleifer, A. (1999), “Corporate ownership around the world,” Journal of Finance, 54(2): 471-517.Shleifer, A. and Vishny, R. (1997), “A survey of Corporate Governance,” Journal of Finance, 52(2): 737-783.Sobel, P. J. (2007), Auditor’s Risk Management Guide: Integrating Auditing and ERM. Chicago: CCH.Wilson, R. (2009), “An examination of corporate tax shelter participants,” The Accounting Review, 84: 969-999.Xiang, B. and Zhang, G. (1996), “Large Shareholder Expropriation and CorporateOwnership Structure”, APEA/PACAP Finance conference and CFA annual meeting.Zahra, S. A. and Pearce, J. A. (1989), “Boards of directors and corporate financial performance: A review and integrated model,” Journal of Management, 15(2): 291-334.陳惠貞 (2002)。OBU在國際租稅規劃之應用—以個案公司探討,國立政治大學經營管理碩士學程會計組未出版碩士論文。鍾喜梅 (2015)。家族企業專業經理人角色之績效意涵:臺灣經驗之初探。人文與社會科學簡訊,17(1),25-33。許士軍及陳光中 (1989)。台灣家族企業發展與家族結構關係,行政院國家科學會專題研究。佟毅 (2014)。避稅天堂的起源發展與現狀。中國石油財會,4,16-19。司徒達賢 (2012)。家族與專業經理人共治的時代。今周刊,804。黃昭勇 (2013)。企業好大稅好低。天下雜誌,523,78-82。陳一姍、林昭儀 (2014)。台灣12大富豪 運用海外租稅天堂。天下雜誌,540,73-79。 蔡鴻青 (2015)。有效管理家族企業的利益衝突。哈佛商業評論。天下雜誌(2011)。43個避稅天堂,404。2017年2月19日。取自http://www.cw.com.tw/article/articleLogin.action?id=5002375。財經新報 (2016)。比「巴拿馬文件」更內幕的避稅天堂故事,有錢人海外金庫揭密。2017年3月17日。取自http://finance.technews.tw/2016/06/09/avoidance-secret/。經濟日報(2017)。台紙公司治理問題。2016年12月16日。取自https://udn.com/news/story/7338/2271156中時電子報(2015)。正視鴻矽戀的公司治理問題。2017年1月19日。取自http://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20151017000393-260109社團法人中華公司治理協會(2015)。什麼是公司治理,台北:中華治理協會。2017年2月18日。取自http://www.cga.org.tw/f_1_01_company_govern.aspx。金融監督管理委員會證券期貨局(2016) 。公司治理專區,台北:金融監督管理委員會。2017年1月23日。取自https://goo.gl/2HyTRi。台灣證券交易所 (2004)。公司治理簡介,台北:台灣證券交易所。2017年1月31日。取自http://www.twse.com.tw/ch/listed/governance/cg_01.php。李禮仲 、鄧哲偉(2007)。「公司治理」對家族企業的效益,財團法人國家政策研究基金會。2017年2月16日。取自http://www.npf.org.tw/3/3447。林偉修(2016)。巴拿馬文件的暮鼓晨鐘,全球事務瞭望台。2017年2月21日。取自http://twhsglobal.weebly.com/23560389883541335542/-panama-papers。 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際經營與貿易學系
104351023資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0104351023 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 蘇威傑 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Su, Wei Jie en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 葉申誼 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Yeh, Shen Yi en_US dc.creator (作者) 葉申誼 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Yeh, Shen Yi en_US dc.date (日期) 2017 en_US dc.date.accessioned 3-Jul-2017 14:33:40 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 3-Jul-2017 14:33:40 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-Jul-2017 14:33:40 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0104351023 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/110643 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國際經營與貿易學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 104351023 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 公司治理是否影響企業使用避稅天堂的程度?本論文想要探討到底是怎麼樣的公司治理情形會影響台灣上市公司到避稅天堂設立海外子公司。由於避稅天堂可以提供低稅率或甚至是免稅給予外國企業,且有著複雜且保密的交易活動讓政府不易察覺與監督,使得避稅天堂容易變成各國企業逃稅的秘密基地。在這樣的情形下,我認為專業經理人所經營的企業,通常擁有較佳的公司治理機制,因此會把企業帶向良好的發展方向,且有抑制企業進行非法或不道德等行為,所以專業經理人所經營的企業會較少使用避稅天堂;反觀大股東持股數愈多或是家族企業可能會為了自己利益,造成公司的治理機制變差,讓公司處在道德風險高的經營環境中,因此我推論這樣的公司使用避稅天堂的程度也會較高。本研究蒐集自公開資訊觀測站與台灣經濟新報(TEJ)資料庫,進行負二項回歸分析,實證結果顯示家族企業比非家族企業更容易在避稅天堂設立海外子公司;專業經理人治理企業比非專業經理人控制企業更不容易使用避稅天堂;大股東持股數愈多的企業會更容易在避稅天堂設立子公司。因此台灣政府更應該關注家族企業及大股東持股數多的企業,且家族企業可以多聘用專業經理人讓公司治理情形變更加完善。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Does corporate governance affect the usage of tax havens? Establishing offshore companies in tax haven is an ethically controversial business practice, enabling companies to evade tax or hide illegal activities. Because tax havens offer a favorable tax to its taxpayers and they maintain a system of financial secrecy, numerous companies choose tax haven as a way to reduce or avoid tax. The purpose of this study is to examine what kind of corporate governance will make companies be more likely to set offshore companies in tax havens. I argue that corporations with professional managers compared with other companies would have a better corporate governance. Generally, professional manager possess professional managing abilities that can inhibit companies from processing illegal or unethical practice, so it will take companies to a good direction. As a result, I argue that companies with professional managers are less likely to set affiliated companies in tax havens. Nevertheless, family corporation or the companies with controlling shareholders have a worse corporate governance. Since they might deprive public profits for private interests so that their corporate governance would become worse. Therefore, I argue family corporate and companies with large shareholders are more likely to establish offshore companies in tax haven. The evidences show that family corporations and companies with large shareholders are more likely to set up companies in tax haven; however, professional managers’ companies are less likely to set offshore affiliates in tax haven. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第壹章 緒論 1第一節 研究動機與目的 1第二節 研究架構 3第貳章 文獻探討 4第一節 公司治理 4第二節 避稅天堂 11第三節 研究假說 16第參章 研究方法 20第一節 樣本資料來源 20第二節 實證模型 20第三節 變數衡量 21第肆章 實證結果 24第一節 相關性分析 24第二節 回歸模型實證結果 26第伍章 討論與結論 30第一節 討論 30第二節 研究限制及未來研究 31第陸章 參考文獻 32 zh_TW dc.format.extent 620058 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0104351023 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 避稅天堂 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公司治理 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Corporate governance en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Tax haven en_US dc.title (題名) 公司治理對企業使用避稅天堂的影響 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The effect of corporate governance on the usage of tax havens en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Broomfield, M. (2016), “Panama Papers: the world`s top tax havens,” INDEPENDENTBushra, F. K., Hakeem, H., Hassnain, R. and Noor, A.H. (2017), “The Role of Tax Havens in the Tax Revenue Development and Its Reflection on the PublicRevenues of the Developing Countries: An Empirical Study in Iraq (2004-2014)” Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 8(2): 289-300.Desai, M., and Dharmapala, D. (2006), “Corporate tax avoidance and high-powered incentives,” Journal of Financial Economics, 79(1): 145-179.Dharmapala, D., and Hines, J. R. (2009), “Which countries become tax haven?” , Journal of Public Economics, 93: 1058–1068.Fama, E. F., and Jensen, M. C. (1983), “Separation of ownership and control,” Journal of Law and Economics, 26(2): 301-325.Fukuyama, F (1995), Trust: The social virtues and the creation of prosperity. New York: Free Press.Gabriel Z. (2013), La richesse cachée des nations. France: The Seuil.Guttorm, S. (2009), “Tax havens and development,” NOU Official Norwegian Reports, 19, 15-17.Manoj, S. (2016), “Taking a Look at Tax Havens,” InvestopediaMonks, R. A. G. and Minow, N. (2011), Corporate Governance. United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons.La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., and Shleifer, A. (1999), “Corporate ownership around the world,” Journal of Finance, 54(2): 471-517.Shleifer, A. and Vishny, R. (1997), “A survey of Corporate Governance,” Journal of Finance, 52(2): 737-783.Sobel, P. J. (2007), Auditor’s Risk Management Guide: Integrating Auditing and ERM. Chicago: CCH.Wilson, R. (2009), “An examination of corporate tax shelter participants,” The Accounting Review, 84: 969-999.Xiang, B. and Zhang, G. (1996), “Large Shareholder Expropriation and CorporateOwnership Structure”, APEA/PACAP Finance conference and CFA annual meeting.Zahra, S. A. and Pearce, J. A. (1989), “Boards of directors and corporate financial performance: A review and integrated model,” Journal of Management, 15(2): 291-334.陳惠貞 (2002)。OBU在國際租稅規劃之應用—以個案公司探討,國立政治大學經營管理碩士學程會計組未出版碩士論文。鍾喜梅 (2015)。家族企業專業經理人角色之績效意涵:臺灣經驗之初探。人文與社會科學簡訊,17(1),25-33。許士軍及陳光中 (1989)。台灣家族企業發展與家族結構關係,行政院國家科學會專題研究。佟毅 (2014)。避稅天堂的起源發展與現狀。中國石油財會,4,16-19。司徒達賢 (2012)。家族與專業經理人共治的時代。今周刊,804。黃昭勇 (2013)。企業好大稅好低。天下雜誌,523,78-82。陳一姍、林昭儀 (2014)。台灣12大富豪 運用海外租稅天堂。天下雜誌,540,73-79。 蔡鴻青 (2015)。有效管理家族企業的利益衝突。哈佛商業評論。天下雜誌(2011)。43個避稅天堂,404。2017年2月19日。取自http://www.cw.com.tw/article/articleLogin.action?id=5002375。財經新報 (2016)。比「巴拿馬文件」更內幕的避稅天堂故事,有錢人海外金庫揭密。2017年3月17日。取自http://finance.technews.tw/2016/06/09/avoidance-secret/。經濟日報(2017)。台紙公司治理問題。2016年12月16日。取自https://udn.com/news/story/7338/2271156中時電子報(2015)。正視鴻矽戀的公司治理問題。2017年1月19日。取自http://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20151017000393-260109社團法人中華公司治理協會(2015)。什麼是公司治理,台北:中華治理協會。2017年2月18日。取自http://www.cga.org.tw/f_1_01_company_govern.aspx。金融監督管理委員會證券期貨局(2016) 。公司治理專區,台北:金融監督管理委員會。2017年1月23日。取自https://goo.gl/2HyTRi。台灣證券交易所 (2004)。公司治理簡介,台北:台灣證券交易所。2017年1月31日。取自http://www.twse.com.tw/ch/listed/governance/cg_01.php。李禮仲 、鄧哲偉(2007)。「公司治理」對家族企業的效益,財團法人國家政策研究基金會。2017年2月16日。取自http://www.npf.org.tw/3/3447。林偉修(2016)。巴拿馬文件的暮鼓晨鐘,全球事務瞭望台。2017年2月21日。取自http://twhsglobal.weebly.com/23560389883541335542/-panama-papers。 zh_TW
