Publications-Theses
Article View/Open
Publication Export
-
Google ScholarTM
NCCU Library
Citation Infomation
Related Publications in TAIR
題名 工作壓力和倦怠:激勵是否可影響台灣電子產業員工的留職意願?
Job pressures and burnout: does motivation affect employees’ retention intention in Taiwan’s electronic industry?作者 李柏樺
Lee, Benjamin貢獻者 何小台
Ho, Chester
李柏樺
Lee, Benjamin關鍵詞 工作壓力
倦怠
激勵
台灣電子產業
留職意願
Job pressures
Burnout
Motivation
Retention intention
Taiwan’s electronic industry日期 2017 上傳時間 24-Jul-2017 12:08:04 (UTC+8) 摘要 Background- During recent decades, more and more employers of Taiwan especially electronic industry utilise the system of job responsibility to apparently cause working hours of Taiwan has been longer than other developed and developing countries in the world. Thus, more and more employees are aware of they are working in the environment where is surrounding by high pressure. \r\nPurpose- This study aims to explore the relation among job pressure, burnout, retention intention, and motivation in electronic industry of Taiwan. Especially, it will focus on seeing whether the motivation can moderate the negative impacts of job pressure and burnout as a feasible solution.\r\nResearch Design- This research is going to send the questionnaires through Google Forms to all current full-time employees in an Electronic Industries company of Taiwan, Winmate Inc. This research had received over than 500 valid questionnaires. All collected data were analysed by using SPSS22 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) to find out the relation among the variables mentioned in this study.\r\nConclusion- Job pressure and burnout both have significant negative consequences causing employees’ low retention intention. However, the employees’ retention intention can be encouraged by motivation practice that is crucial to reach the high level of organisations’ competitiveness. Thus, organisations should continuously revisit, reflect, and improve their existing policies and practices to develop a more brilliant work environment for employees as a long-term goal of retaining. 參考文獻 Bährer-Kohler, S. (2014) Burnout for experts. New York: Springer.\r\nBakker, A. and Costa, P. (2014) Chronic job burnout and daily functioning: A \r\ntheoreticalanalysis.Burnout Research, 1(3), pp. 112-119.\r\nBakker, A. B., Demerouti, E. andSanz-Vergel, A. I. (2014) Burnout and work \r\nengagement: The JD–R approach. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 389–411.\r\nBaron, R. M. and Kenny, D. A. (1986) ‘The moderator-mediator variable distinction in \r\nSocial Psychological Research: conceptual, Strategic and statistical considerations.’In Journal of Personality of Social Psychological, v51, n6, pp.1173-82.\r\nBarrick, M. R. and Zimmerman, R. D. (2005) Reducing voluntary, avoidable turnover \r\nthrough selection. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 159-166.\r\nBeehr, T. and Newman, J. (1978) JOB STRESS, EMPLOYEE HEALTH, AND \r\nORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS: A FACET ANALYSIS, MODEL, AND LITERATURE REVIEW. Personnel Psychology, 31(4), pp. 665-699.\r\nBirt, M. Wallis, T. andWinternitz, G. (2004) Talent retention in a challenging \r\nWorkplace: An investigation of variables considered important to South African talent, South African Journal of Management, 35(2): 25-31.\r\nBoudreau and Berger (1985)Decision-theoretical utility analysis applied to employee\r\nseparations and acquisitions. Journal of Applied Psychology.\r\nBrewer, E.W. and Shapard, L. (2004) Employee Burnout: A Meta-Analysis of the \r\nRelationship between Age and Years of Experience.Human Resource Development Review, 3:102 –123.\r\nBurke, M. E. and Collison, J. (2004) 2004 U.S. job recovery and retention poll\r\nfindings. A report published by the Society of Human Resources Management\r\nand Wall Street Journal. www.shrm.com/research.\r\nCascio(1991) Costing Human Resources: The Financial Impact of Behavior in\r\nOrganizations. 3rd.\r\nChang, K. C. and Lu, L. (2007) Characteristics of organizational culture, stressors \r\nandwell-being: The case of Taiwanese organizations. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22, 549-568.\r\nChien, C., Rosenthal, D., Harris, W. and Holt, C. (1993) “Navigational errors made by \r\ngrowth cones without filopodia in the embryonic xenopus brain”. Neuron, 11(2), pp. 237-251.\r\nCho, S., Woods, R., Jang, S. andErdem, M. (2006) “Measuring the impact of human \r\nresource management practices on hospitality firms’ performances”, International Journal of Hospitality Management, Vol. 25 No. 2, pp. 262-77.\r\nCooper, C. L, Sloan, S. and Williams, S. (1988) Occupational Stress Indicator. Windsor: \r\nNFER-Nels\r\nCordes, C. L. and Dougherty, T. W. (1993) A review of an integration of research on \r\njob burnout. Academy of Management Review, 18, 621-656.\r\nCurbow, B. and Somerfield, M. (1995) Introduction. Journal of Psychosocial \r\nOncology, 13(1-2), pp. 1-9.\r\nCurbow, B., LaFlamme, D. and Agnew, J. (2001) Methods to Assess Workplace Stress \r\nand Psychosocial Factors. In Spengler, J., Samet, J. M., & McCarthy, J. F. (Eds).Indoor Air Quality Handbook (pp. 55.1–55.24). McGraw–Hill.\r\nDas, M. (1992) Practical Stress Analysis in Engineering Design (Revised and Expanded \r\nSecond Edition). Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 114(1), p. 126.\r\nDavis, A. (1996) A reanalysis of the Occupational Stress Indicator.Work and Stress, \r\n10, 174–182.\r\nDavis, D. (1996) Business Research for Decision Making. 4th edition, Belmont, CA: \r\nWadsworth Publishing.\r\nDeci, E. L., Koestner, R. and Ryan, R. M. (2001) Extrinsic rewards and intrinsic \r\nmotivation in education: Reconsidered once again. Review of Educational Research, 71, 1–27.\r\nDelery, J.E. (1998) ‘Issues of fit in strategic human resource management: \r\nimplications for research.’ In Human Resource Management Review, v8, pp. 289-309.\r\nDemerouti, E., Bakker, A.B., Nachreiner, F. andSchaufeli, W.B. (2001) “The job \r\ndemands: resources model of burnout”. Journal of Applied Psychology 86, 499–512.\r\nDewe, P. J., O‟Driscoll, M. P. and Cooper, C. L. (2010) Coping with work stress: A \r\nreview and critique. West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.\r\nDewsbury, D. A. (1978) Comparative animal behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill.\r\nCameron, J. and Pierce, W. D. (1994) Reinforcement, reward and intrinsic \r\nmotivation: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 64, 363–423.\r\nDuxbury, L., Lyons, S. and Higgins, C. (2008) “Too much to do, and not enough time: \r\nan examination of role overload”. In: Korabik, K., Lero, D.S., Whitehead, D.L. \r\n(Eds.), Handbook of Work-Family Integration: Research, Theory, and Best Practices. Academic Press, pp. 125–140.\r\nHair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E. and Tatham, R. L. (2010)\r\nMultivariate data analysis (Vol. 7). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.\r\nHong, W. C. (2013) [online] Available at:\r\nhttp://www.xedu.biz/cerps.org.tw/downloads/2013conf_paper/G2-4.pdf [Accessed 17 Jul. 2015].\r\nDworkin, A. G. (2001) Perspectives on teacher burnout and school reform.\r\nInternational Education Journal, 2(2), 69-78.\r\nFegley, S. (2006) Talent management survey report. SHRM Research.\r\nFinney, C., Stergiopoulos, E., Hensel, J., Bonato, S. and Dewa, C. (2013) \r\n“Organizational stressors associated with job stress and burnout in correctional officers: a systematic review”. BMC Public Health, 13(1), p. 82.\r\nFitz-enz., J. (1997) “It’s costly to lose good employees”. Workforce, Vol. 50, PP. 50.\r\nFreudenberger, H. J. (1974) Staff burnout.Journal of social issues, 30(1), 159-165.\r\nGanzach, Y., Pazy, A., Ohayun, Y. andBrainin, E. (2002) Social exchange and \r\norganizational commitment: decision-making training for job choice as an alternative to the realistic job preview. Personnel Psychology, 55, 613-637.\r\nGarber, P. (2007) Retention. Amherst, Mass.: HRD Press.\r\nGomez-Mejia, Balkin and Milko- vich (1990) Rething your rewards for technical\r\nemployees. Organization Dynamics.\r\nGreenberg, J. and Baron, R. A. (1997) Behavior in Organizations: understanding and \r\nmanaging the human side of work (6th ed). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.\r\nHaghani, Y., Haghani, M., Ashraf, P. and JamshidiSoloklo, B. (2014) The Study of the \r\nRelationship between Job Stressors and Job Burnout among Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Employees.J. Life Sci. Biomed. 4(3): 227-232.\r\nHalbesleben, J. R. B. (2006) Sources of social support and burnout: A meta-analytic \r\ntest of the conservation of resources model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91: 1134-1145.\r\nHakanen, J., Schaufeli, W.B. andAhola, K. (2008) “The job demands-resources model: \r\nA three-year cross-lagged study of burnout, depression, commitment, and work engagement”. Work and Stress 22, 224–241.\r\nHequet, M. (1993) Can training stop turnover? Training, 32, 10, 82-87.\r\nHo, I. T., Hau, K.-T.andSalili, F. (2007) Expectancy and value as predictors of Chinese \r\nstudents’ achievement goal orientation. In F. Salili& R. Hoosain (Eds.), Culture, motivation, and learning: A multicultural perspective. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.\r\nHobfoll, S. E. andShirom, A. (2000) Conservation of resources theory: Applications to \r\nstress and management in the workplace. In R. T. Golembiewski (Ed.), Handbook of organizational behavior(2nd rev. ed.): 57-81. New York: Dekker.\r\nHom(1992) Toward an understanding of lenient peer appraisals: A Comparative\r\nexamination of theories of rater motivation. Department of Management, ArizonaState University.\r\nIvancevich, J. M. and Matteson, M. T. (2002) Organizational behavior and \r\nmanagement(6th edn.). New York: McGraw-Hill.\r\nJanet, C. L. C. (2004) The Influence of Human Resource management Practices on the \r\nRetention of Core Employee of Australian Organizations: An Empirical Study. Murdoch University.\r\nJones, G.R. and George, J.M. (2007) Contemporary Management.(5th Edition).\r\nBoston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.\r\nKahn, R. L., Wolfe, D. M., Quinn, R. P., Snoek, J. D. and Rosenthal, R. A. (1964)\r\nOrganizational stress: Studies in role conflict and ambiguity. NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.\r\nKaiser, H.F. (1974) An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39, 31-36.\r\nKalliah, T.J. and Beck, A. (2001) “Is the path to burnout and turnover paved by the\r\nlack of supervisory support: a structural equations test”, New Zealand Journal of Psychology, Vol. 30, pp. 72-8.\r\n\r\nKamoche, K. and Mueller, F. (1998) Human Resource Management and the \r\nAppropriation-Learning Perspective.Human Relations, 51(8), pp. 1033-1060.\r\nKirkaldy, B. D., Furnham, A. and Cooper, C. L. (1994) Police, personality, job \r\nsatisfaction and health. Stud iaPsychologica, 36, 55–63.\r\nKleinginna, P. and Kleinginna, A. (1981) A categorized list of emotion definitions, with \r\nsuggestions for a consensual definition. Motivation and Emotion, 5(4), pp. 345-379.\r\nKohn, A. (1996) By all available means: Cameron’s and Pierce’s defense of extrinsic \r\nmotivators. Review of Educational Research, 66, 1–4.\r\nKramer, R. (1999) TRUST AND DISTRUST IN ORGANIZATIONS: Emerging Perspectives, \r\nEnduring Questions.\r\nKristensen, T.S., Bjorner, J.B., Christensen, K.B. and Borg, V. (2004) “The distinction \r\nbetween work pace and working hours in the measurement of quantitative demands at work”. Work and Stress 18, 305–322.\r\nKunz, R., Kirschbaum, C. and Steptoe, A. (2004) Work stress, socioeconomic status \r\nand neuroendocrine activation over the working day. Social Science & Medicine, 58 (8):1523-1530. \r\nLawrence, N. (2006) Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative \r\napproaches. Boston: Pearson.\r\nLambert, E. G., Hogan, N.L. andAltheimer, I. (2010) “An exploratory examination of \r\nthe consequences of burnout in terms of life satisfaction, turnover intent, and absenteeism among private correctional staff”. The Prison J 2010, 90 (1):94–114.\r\nLankau, M. andScandura, T. A. (2002)An investigation of personal learning in \r\nmentoring relationships: Content, antecedents, and consequences. Academy of Management Journal, 4, 779-790.\r\n\r\nLatham, G. P. and Pinder, C. C. (2005) “Work Motivation Theory and Research at the \r\nDawn of the Twenty- First Century,” Annual Review of Psychology, pp. 485–516.\r\nLazarus, R. S. andFolkman, S. (1984) Stress, appraisal, and coping.NewYork\r\nSpringer.\r\nLeiter, M. (1991) Review of Stress management. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie\r\ncanadienne, 32(1), pp. 91-92.\r\nLee, J., McInerney, D., Liem, G. and Ortiga, Y. (2010) The relationship between future \r\ngoals and achievement goal orientations: An intrinsic–extrinsic motivation perspective. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 35(4), pp. 264-279.\r\nLee, J.S.Y. and Akhtar, S. (2007) Job burnout among nurses in Hong Kong: \r\nImplications for human resource practices and interventions. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 45:63–84. \r\nLee, K., Allen, N.J., Meyer, J.P. and Rhee, K.-Y. (2001) The three-component model\r\nof organizational commitment: An application to South Korea. Applied\r\nPsychology: An International Review, 50, 596-614.\r\nLee, T. W., Mitchell, T. R., Sablynksi.C. J., Burton, J. P., Holtom, B. C. and Brooks, C.\r\n(2004) The effects of job embeddedness on organizational citizenship, job performance, volitional absences, and voluntary turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 47, 711-722\r\nLepper, M. R., Corpus, J. H. andIyengar, S. S. (2005) Intrinsic and extrinsic \r\nmotivational orientations in the classroom: Age differences and academic correlates. Journal of Educational Psychology, 97, 184–196.\r\nLepper, M. R., Henderlong, J., Carol, S. and Judith, M. H. (2000) Turning ‘‘play” into \r\n‘‘work” and ‘‘work” into ‘‘play”: 25 Years of research on intrinsic versus extrinsic\r\nmotivation. In C. Sansone& J. Harackiewicz (Eds.), Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation (pp. 257–307). San Diego: Academic Press.\r\nLiem, A. D., Lau, S. andNie, Y. (2008) The role of self-efficacy, task value, and \r\nachievement goals in predicting learning strategies, task disengagement, peer relationship, and achievement outcome. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 33, 486–512.\r\nLiem, A. D. andPrasetya, P. H. (2006) The role of values and individually and socially \r\nrelated orientations in predicting achievement goals and academic performance among Indonesian students. In Paper presented in the symposium ‘‘social dimensions of achievement motivation: Southeast Asian research”, XXVI International Congress of Applied Psychology, Athens, Greece.\r\nLu, L., Cooper, C. L., Chen, Y. C., Hsu, C. H., Li, C. H., Wu, H. L. and Shih, J. B. (1995) \r\nChinese version of the OSI: A study of reliability and factor structures. Stress Medicine, 11, 149–155.\r\nLuthans, F. and Peterson, S. J. (2003) 360-degree feedback with systematic coaching: \r\nempirical analysis suggests a winning combination. Human Resource Management, 42, 243-256.\r\nLyne, K., Barrett, P., Williams, C. and Coaley, K. (2000) A psychometric evaluation of \r\nthe Occupational Stress Indicator. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 73(2), pp. 195-220.\r\nMalka, A.and Chatman, J. A. (2003) Intrinsic and extrinsic orientations as moderators \r\nof the effect of annual income on subjective wellbeing: a longitudinal study. Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull. 29:737–46\r\nMartin, T. andSchermerhorn, J. (1983) “Work and Nonwork Influences on Health: A \r\nResearch Agenda Using Inability to Leave as a Critical Variable”. Academy of Management Review, 8(4), pp. 650-659.\r\nMaslach, C. (2001) What have we learned about burnout and health? Psychology and \r\nHealth, 16 (5): 607-611. \r\nMaslach, C. and Leiter, M. P. (2008) “Early predictors of job burnout and \r\nengagement”. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(3), 498-512\r\nMaslach, C. and Jackson, S.E. (1993) Manual of the Maslach Burnout inventory, 2nd \r\nedition. Consulting Psychologists press: Palo Alto Calif.\r\nMaslach, C.Schaufeli, W. B.and Leiter, M. P. (2001)Job burnout.Annual Review of \r\nPsychology, 52:397–422.\r\nMaslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B. and Leiter, M. P. (2001) Job burnout.Annual Review of \r\nPsychology, 52, 397-422.\r\nMaslach, C., Jackson, S. E. and Leiter, M. P. (1996) MBI: The Maslach Burnout \r\nInventory: Manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.\r\nMatteson, M. T. and Ivancevich, J. M. (1987) Controlling Work Stress: Effective \r\nHuman Resource and Management Strategies. San Francisco, London: Jossey-Bass.\r\nMcInerney, D. M. andMcInerney, V. (2010) Educational psychology: Constructing \r\nlearning(5th ed.). Frenchs Forest, NSW: Pearson.\r\nMeglino, B. M., Ravlin, E. C. andDeNisi, A. S. (2000) A meta-analytic examination of \r\nrealistic job preview effectiveness: a test of three counterintuitive propositions. Human Resource Management Review, 10, 407 - 434.\r\nMiner, J. B. (2003) Organizational behavior theories: A quantitative review. Academy \r\nof Management Learning and Education, 2, 250–268.\r\n\r\nMueller, C. W.and Price, J. L. (1990) Economic, psychological and sociological \r\ndeterminants of turnover. Journal of Behavioral Economics, 19, 321-335.\r\nNg, T. W. H. and Feldman, D. C. (2009) “Re-examining the Relationship Between Age \r\nand Voluntary Turnover,” Journal of Vocational Behaviour 74). pp. 283–294.\r\nNunnally, J.C. (1978) Psychometric Theory, New York: McGraw-Hill.\r\nPayne, S. C. and Huffman, A. H. (2005) A longitudinal examination of the influence of \r\nmentoring on organizational commitment and turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 48, 158 -168.\r\nPiko, F.B. (2005) Burnout, role conflict, job satisfaction and psychosocial health \r\namong Hungarian health care staff: A questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 43 (3):311-318. \r\nPinder, C. C. (1998) Motivation in work organizations. Upper Saddle River, NJ: \r\nPrentice Hall.\r\nPitsis, T., Clegg, S. andKornberger, M. and (2011) Managing & organizations.\r\nThousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.\r\nPokay, P. andBlumenfeld, P. C. (1990) Predicting achievement early and late in the \r\nsemester: The role of motivation and use of learning strategies. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 41–50.\r\nPosthuma, R. A. and Campion, M. A. (2009) “Age Stereotypes in the Workplace: \r\nCommon Stereotypes, Moderators, and Future Research Directions,” Journal of Management 35, pp. 158–188.\r\nPrestholdt, P. H., Lane, I. M., and Mathews, R. C. (1987) Nurse turnover as reasoned \r\naction: Development of a process model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72, 221–227.\r\nPrice, J. L. (1977), The study of turnover. Ames: Iowa State University Press.\r\n\r\nRawsthorne, L. J. and Elliot, A. J. (1999) Achievement goals and intrinsic motivation: \r\nA meta-analytic review.Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3, 326–344.\r\nReeve, J., Deci, E. L. and Ryan, R. M. (2004) Self-determination theory: A dialectical \r\nframework for understanding sociocultural influences on student motivation. In D. M. McInerney& S. V. Etten (Eds.), Big theories: A volume in research on sociocultural influences on motivation and learning (pp. 31–60). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.\r\nReichheld (1993)Loyalty-based management.Harvard Business Review.\r\nReilly,P. (2003) The Link Between Pay and Performance.Brighton: Institute for \r\nEmployment Studies.\r\nRicher, S. F., Blanchard, U. and Vallerand, R. J. (2002) A motivational model of work \r\nturnover. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32, 2089–2113.\r\nRyan, R. M. andDeci, E. L. (2000) Self-determination theory and the facilitation of \r\nintrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68–78.\r\nRobbins, S. P. (2005) Essentials of organizational behavior. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: \r\nPearson/Prentice Hall.\r\nRobbins, S.P. andJudge, T. A. (2013) Organizational Behavior, 15th ed. Englewood \r\nCliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.\r\nRobbins, S. P., Judge, T. A., Millet, B.and Waters-Marsh, T. (2008) Organisational \r\nBehaviour (5th edn.). Australia: Pearson Education Australia.\r\nRoberts, K. (2007) \"Work-life balance – the sources of the contemporary problem \r\nand the probable outcomes: A review and interpretation of the evidence\", Employee Relations, Vol. 29 Iss 4 pp. 334-351\r\n\r\nRoth, S.F., Heo, G., Varnhagen, C. and Major, P.W. (2004) The relationship between \r\noccupational stress and job satisfaction in orthodontics. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dent facial Orthopedics, 126(1):106-109. \r\nRugulies, R., Christensen, K. B., Borritz, M., Villadsen, E., Bu¨ ltmann, U.and\r\nKristensen T. S. (2007) The contribution of the psychosocial work environment to sickness absence in human service workers: results of 3-year follow-up study. Work and Stress 21, 293–311.\r\nRyan, R. M., Connell, J. O. and Deci, E. L. (1985) A motivational analysis of \r\nselfdetermination and self-regulation in education. In C. Ames & R. Ames (Eds.).Research on motivation in education: The classroom milieu (Vol. 2). Orlando: Academic Press.\r\nRyan, R. M. and Deci, E. L. (1996) When paradigms clash: Comments on Cameron \r\nand Pierce’s claim that rewards do not undermine intrinsic motivation. Review of Educational Research, 66, 33–38.\r\nSalili, F. and Lai, M. K. (2003) Learning and motivation of Chinese students in Hong \r\nKong: A longitudinal study of contextual influences on students’ achievement orientation and performance. Psychology in the Schools, 40, 51–70.\r\nSansone, C. and Harackiewicz, J. M. (2000) Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: The \r\nsearch for optimal motivation and performance. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.\r\nSchaufeli, W. B., Leiter, M. P. and Maslach, C. (2009) Burnout: 35 years of research \r\nand practice. Career Development International, 14: 204-220.\r\nSchieman, S. and Glavin, P. (2011) “Education and work-family conflict: Explanations, \r\ncontingencies and mental health consequences”. Social Forces 89, 1341–1362.\r\nSchwab, R. (1983) Teacher burnout: Moving beyond “psychobabble”. Theory Into \r\nPractice, 22(1), pp. 21-26.\r\nSelye, H. (1983) The stress concept: Past, present, and future. In C., Cooper (Ed.), \r\nStress research: Issues for the eighties. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons.\r\nSewell, G. and Wilkinson, B. (1992) “Empowerment or emasculation?Shopfloor\r\nsurveillance in a total quality organization”, in Blyton, P. and Turnbull, P. (Eds), Reassessing Human Resource Management, Sage, London, pp. 97-115.\r\nShaw, J., Delery, J., Jenkins, G. and Gupta, N. (1998) “AN ORGANIZATION-LEVEL \r\nANALYSIS OF VOLUNTARY AND INVOLUNTARY TURNOVER”. Academy of Management Journal, 41(5), pp. 511-525.\r\nSherwood, B. J. (2006) How to Win Over Your Employees and Motivate Them to \r\nPerform. Metal Finishing, 52-53.\r\nShire, K. and Thurow, L. (1994) Head to Head: The Coming Economic Battle among \r\nJapan, Europe, and America. Contemporary Sociology, 23(1), p. 12.\r\nSilverman, D. (2006) Interpreting qualitative data. London: SAGE Publications.\r\nSimons, J., Vansteenkiste, M. and Lens, W. (2004) Placing motivation and future \r\ntimeperspective theory in a temporal perspective. Educational Psychology Review, 16, 121–139.\r\nStarosta, M. (2006) Engaging employees: Retention strategies for today’s growing \r\nbusinesses. (Unpublished Master‘s Thesis). Royal Roads University. Victoria.\r\nSwan, J. A., Cooper, C. L. and Moraes, L. F. R. (1993) Developing the Occupational \r\nStress Indicator (OSI) for use in Brazil. Stress Medicine, 19, 247–253.\r\nTausig, M. and Fenwick, R. (2012) Work and mental health in social context. New \r\nYork: Springer.\r\nTerre Blanche, M., Durrheim, K. and Painter, D. (2006) Research in practice. Cape \r\nTown: UCT Press.\r\n\r\nTurbin, M. S. and Rosse, J. G. (1990) Staffing issues in the high technology industry, in \r\nL. R. Gomez-Meijia, & M. W. Lawless (Eds.).Organization Issues in High Technology Management. London: JAI Press.\r\nUpton, G. and Cook, I.(2008) Pearson`s correlation coefficient. In A Dictionary of \r\nStatistics.: Oxford University Press.\r\nVansteenkiste, M., Lens, W. and Deci, E. L. (2006). Intrinsic versus extrinsic: Goal \r\ncontents in self-determination theory: Another look at the quality of academic motivation. Educational Psychologist, 41, 19–31.\r\nWilliams, C. M. (1997) Occupational stress in a National Health Service trust: An \r\nanalysis of the theoretical model of the Occupational Stress Indicator. Unpublished DClinPsychol thesis, University of Leeds.\r\nWilliams, E. S., Konrad, T.R., Scheckler, W. E., Pathman, D. E., Linzer, M., McMurray,\r\nJ., Gerrity, M.and Schwartz, M. (2001) Understanding physicians’ intentions to withdraw from practice: the role of job satisfaction, job stress, mental and physical health.Health Care Management Review 26, 7–19.\r\nWagner, R. and Harter, J. K. (2006) The Elements of Great Managing (Washington, \r\nDC: Gallup Press, 2006).\r\nWilliams, S. and Cooper, L. (2002) Managing workplace stress: A best practice \r\nblueprint. West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons.\r\nWinmate.com, (2016) WinMate Communication INC. [online] Available at: \r\nhttp://www.winmate.com/winmate_overview.htm.\r\nZikmund, W. G. (1997) Exploring Marketing Research. Fort Worth: The Dryden Press. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA)
99933015資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099933015 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 何小台 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Ho, Chester en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 李柏樺 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lee, Benjamin en_US dc.creator (作者) 李柏樺 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Lee, Benjamin en_US dc.date (日期) 2017 en_US dc.date.accessioned 24-Jul-2017 12:08:04 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 24-Jul-2017 12:08:04 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 24-Jul-2017 12:08:04 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0099933015 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/item?item_id=128191 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 99933015 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Background- During recent decades, more and more employers of Taiwan especially electronic industry utilise the system of job responsibility to apparently cause working hours of Taiwan has been longer than other developed and developing countries in the world. Thus, more and more employees are aware of they are working in the environment where is surrounding by high pressure. \r\nPurpose- This study aims to explore the relation among job pressure, burnout, retention intention, and motivation in electronic industry of Taiwan. Especially, it will focus on seeing whether the motivation can moderate the negative impacts of job pressure and burnout as a feasible solution.\r\nResearch Design- This research is going to send the questionnaires through Google Forms to all current full-time employees in an Electronic Industries company of Taiwan, Winmate Inc. This research had received over than 500 valid questionnaires. All collected data were analysed by using SPSS22 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) to find out the relation among the variables mentioned in this study.\r\nConclusion- Job pressure and burnout both have significant negative consequences causing employees’ low retention intention. However, the employees’ retention intention can be encouraged by motivation practice that is crucial to reach the high level of organisations’ competitiveness. Thus, organisations should continuously revisit, reflect, and improve their existing policies and practices to develop a more brilliant work environment for employees as a long-term goal of retaining. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 1. Introduction 1\r\n1.1. Background Overview 2\r\n1.2. Motive of Research 4\r\n1.3. Objectives of Research 5\r\n1.4. Research Procedure 6\r\n2. Literature Survey 8\r\n2.1. Job Pressure 8\r\n2.2. Burnout 11\r\n2.3. Retention Intention 13\r\n2.4. Motivation 17\r\n3. Research Design 21\r\n3.1. Research Framework and Hypotheses 21\r\n3.2. Construct Measurement 22\r\n3.2.1. Job Pressure 22\r\n3.2.2. Burnout 23\r\n3.2.3. Retention Intention 23\r\n3.2.4. Motivation 24\r\n3.2.5. Demographic and Personal Data 25\r\n3.3. Research Approach 25\r\n3.3.1. Questionnaire Design 25\r\n3.3.2. Data Collection and Sampling 26\r\n3.4. Data Process and Statistical Approach 27\r\n3.4.1. Descriptive Statistics Analysis 27\r\n3.4.2. Reliability Analysis 27\r\n3.4.3. Correlation Analysis 27\r\n3.4.4. One-Way ANOVA and t-Test 28\r\n3.4.5. Multiple Regression Analysis 28\r\n3.5. Overview of Research Case 29\r\n3.6. Ethical Considerations 30\r\n4. Data Analysis and Findings 31\r\n4.1. Pre-test of Data Analysis 31\r\n4.2. Descriptive Data Analysis 32\r\n4.2.1. Descriptive Statistics of Demographic Groups 32\r\n4.2.2. Descriptive Statistics of Study Variables 34\r\n4.3. Reliability and Validity Analysis 38\r\n4.4. Correlation Analysis 39\r\n4.5. One-Way ANOVA and T-Test 40\r\n5. Discussion, Recommendations and Conclusion 48\r\n5.1. Discussion 48\r\n5.2. Recommendations and Conclusion 50\r\n5.3. Limitations of Research and Further Directions 52\r\n6. Appendices 55\r\n7. List of Bibliography 75 zh_TW dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099933015 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 工作壓力 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 倦怠 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 激勵 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 台灣電子產業 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 留職意願 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Job pressures en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Burnout en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Motivation en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Retention intention en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Taiwan’s electronic industry en_US dc.title (題名) 工作壓力和倦怠:激勵是否可影響台灣電子產業員工的留職意願? zh_TW dc.title (題名) Job pressures and burnout: does motivation affect employees’ retention intention in Taiwan’s electronic industry? en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bährer-Kohler, S. (2014) Burnout for experts. New York: Springer.\r\nBakker, A. and Costa, P. (2014) Chronic job burnout and daily functioning: A \r\ntheoreticalanalysis.Burnout Research, 1(3), pp. 112-119.\r\nBakker, A. B., Demerouti, E. andSanz-Vergel, A. I. (2014) Burnout and work \r\nengagement: The JD–R approach. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 389–411.\r\nBaron, R. M. and Kenny, D. A. (1986) ‘The moderator-mediator variable distinction in \r\nSocial Psychological Research: conceptual, Strategic and statistical considerations.’In Journal of Personality of Social Psychological, v51, n6, pp.1173-82.\r\nBarrick, M. R. and Zimmerman, R. D. (2005) Reducing voluntary, avoidable turnover \r\nthrough selection. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 159-166.\r\nBeehr, T. and Newman, J. (1978) JOB STRESS, EMPLOYEE HEALTH, AND \r\nORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS: A FACET ANALYSIS, MODEL, AND LITERATURE REVIEW. Personnel Psychology, 31(4), pp. 665-699.\r\nBirt, M. Wallis, T. andWinternitz, G. (2004) Talent retention in a challenging \r\nWorkplace: An investigation of variables considered important to South African talent, South African Journal of Management, 35(2): 25-31.\r\nBoudreau and Berger (1985)Decision-theoretical utility analysis applied to employee\r\nseparations and acquisitions. Journal of Applied Psychology.\r\nBrewer, E.W. and Shapard, L. (2004) Employee Burnout: A Meta-Analysis of the \r\nRelationship between Age and Years of Experience.Human Resource Development Review, 3:102 –123.\r\nBurke, M. E. and Collison, J. (2004) 2004 U.S. job recovery and retention poll\r\nfindings. A report published by the Society of Human Resources Management\r\nand Wall Street Journal. www.shrm.com/research.\r\nCascio(1991) Costing Human Resources: The Financial Impact of Behavior in\r\nOrganizations. 3rd.\r\nChang, K. C. and Lu, L. (2007) Characteristics of organizational culture, stressors \r\nandwell-being: The case of Taiwanese organizations. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22, 549-568.\r\nChien, C., Rosenthal, D., Harris, W. and Holt, C. (1993) “Navigational errors made by \r\ngrowth cones without filopodia in the embryonic xenopus brain”. Neuron, 11(2), pp. 237-251.\r\nCho, S., Woods, R., Jang, S. andErdem, M. (2006) “Measuring the impact of human \r\nresource management practices on hospitality firms’ performances”, International Journal of Hospitality Management, Vol. 25 No. 2, pp. 262-77.\r\nCooper, C. L, Sloan, S. and Williams, S. (1988) Occupational Stress Indicator. Windsor: \r\nNFER-Nels\r\nCordes, C. L. and Dougherty, T. W. (1993) A review of an integration of research on \r\njob burnout. Academy of Management Review, 18, 621-656.\r\nCurbow, B. and Somerfield, M. (1995) Introduction. Journal of Psychosocial \r\nOncology, 13(1-2), pp. 1-9.\r\nCurbow, B., LaFlamme, D. and Agnew, J. (2001) Methods to Assess Workplace Stress \r\nand Psychosocial Factors. In Spengler, J., Samet, J. M., & McCarthy, J. F. (Eds).Indoor Air Quality Handbook (pp. 55.1–55.24). McGraw–Hill.\r\nDas, M. (1992) Practical Stress Analysis in Engineering Design (Revised and Expanded \r\nSecond Edition). Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 114(1), p. 126.\r\nDavis, A. (1996) A reanalysis of the Occupational Stress Indicator.Work and Stress, \r\n10, 174–182.\r\nDavis, D. (1996) Business Research for Decision Making. 4th edition, Belmont, CA: \r\nWadsworth Publishing.\r\nDeci, E. L., Koestner, R. and Ryan, R. M. (2001) Extrinsic rewards and intrinsic \r\nmotivation in education: Reconsidered once again. Review of Educational Research, 71, 1–27.\r\nDelery, J.E. (1998) ‘Issues of fit in strategic human resource management: \r\nimplications for research.’ In Human Resource Management Review, v8, pp. 289-309.\r\nDemerouti, E., Bakker, A.B., Nachreiner, F. andSchaufeli, W.B. (2001) “The job \r\ndemands: resources model of burnout”. Journal of Applied Psychology 86, 499–512.\r\nDewe, P. J., O‟Driscoll, M. P. and Cooper, C. L. (2010) Coping with work stress: A \r\nreview and critique. West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.\r\nDewsbury, D. A. (1978) Comparative animal behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill.\r\nCameron, J. and Pierce, W. D. (1994) Reinforcement, reward and intrinsic \r\nmotivation: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 64, 363–423.\r\nDuxbury, L., Lyons, S. and Higgins, C. (2008) “Too much to do, and not enough time: \r\nan examination of role overload”. In: Korabik, K., Lero, D.S., Whitehead, D.L. \r\n(Eds.), Handbook of Work-Family Integration: Research, Theory, and Best Practices. Academic Press, pp. 125–140.\r\nHair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E. and Tatham, R. L. (2010)\r\nMultivariate data analysis (Vol. 7). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.\r\nHong, W. C. (2013) [online] Available at:\r\nhttp://www.xedu.biz/cerps.org.tw/downloads/2013conf_paper/G2-4.pdf [Accessed 17 Jul. 2015].\r\nDworkin, A. G. (2001) Perspectives on teacher burnout and school reform.\r\nInternational Education Journal, 2(2), 69-78.\r\nFegley, S. (2006) Talent management survey report. SHRM Research.\r\nFinney, C., Stergiopoulos, E., Hensel, J., Bonato, S. and Dewa, C. (2013) \r\n“Organizational stressors associated with job stress and burnout in correctional officers: a systematic review”. BMC Public Health, 13(1), p. 82.\r\nFitz-enz., J. (1997) “It’s costly to lose good employees”. Workforce, Vol. 50, PP. 50.\r\nFreudenberger, H. J. (1974) Staff burnout.Journal of social issues, 30(1), 159-165.\r\nGanzach, Y., Pazy, A., Ohayun, Y. andBrainin, E. (2002) Social exchange and \r\norganizational commitment: decision-making training for job choice as an alternative to the realistic job preview. Personnel Psychology, 55, 613-637.\r\nGarber, P. (2007) Retention. Amherst, Mass.: HRD Press.\r\nGomez-Mejia, Balkin and Milko- vich (1990) Rething your rewards for technical\r\nemployees. Organization Dynamics.\r\nGreenberg, J. and Baron, R. A. (1997) Behavior in Organizations: understanding and \r\nmanaging the human side of work (6th ed). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.\r\nHaghani, Y., Haghani, M., Ashraf, P. and JamshidiSoloklo, B. (2014) The Study of the \r\nRelationship between Job Stressors and Job Burnout among Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Employees.J. Life Sci. Biomed. 4(3): 227-232.\r\nHalbesleben, J. R. B. (2006) Sources of social support and burnout: A meta-analytic \r\ntest of the conservation of resources model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91: 1134-1145.\r\nHakanen, J., Schaufeli, W.B. andAhola, K. (2008) “The job demands-resources model: \r\nA three-year cross-lagged study of burnout, depression, commitment, and work engagement”. Work and Stress 22, 224–241.\r\nHequet, M. (1993) Can training stop turnover? Training, 32, 10, 82-87.\r\nHo, I. T., Hau, K.-T.andSalili, F. (2007) Expectancy and value as predictors of Chinese \r\nstudents’ achievement goal orientation. In F. Salili& R. Hoosain (Eds.), Culture, motivation, and learning: A multicultural perspective. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.\r\nHobfoll, S. E. andShirom, A. (2000) Conservation of resources theory: Applications to \r\nstress and management in the workplace. In R. T. Golembiewski (Ed.), Handbook of organizational behavior(2nd rev. ed.): 57-81. New York: Dekker.\r\nHom(1992) Toward an understanding of lenient peer appraisals: A Comparative\r\nexamination of theories of rater motivation. Department of Management, ArizonaState University.\r\nIvancevich, J. M. and Matteson, M. T. (2002) Organizational behavior and \r\nmanagement(6th edn.). New York: McGraw-Hill.\r\nJanet, C. L. C. (2004) The Influence of Human Resource management Practices on the \r\nRetention of Core Employee of Australian Organizations: An Empirical Study. Murdoch University.\r\nJones, G.R. and George, J.M. (2007) Contemporary Management.(5th Edition).\r\nBoston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.\r\nKahn, R. L., Wolfe, D. M., Quinn, R. P., Snoek, J. D. and Rosenthal, R. A. (1964)\r\nOrganizational stress: Studies in role conflict and ambiguity. NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.\r\nKaiser, H.F. (1974) An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39, 31-36.\r\nKalliah, T.J. and Beck, A. (2001) “Is the path to burnout and turnover paved by the\r\nlack of supervisory support: a structural equations test”, New Zealand Journal of Psychology, Vol. 30, pp. 72-8.\r\n\r\nKamoche, K. and Mueller, F. (1998) Human Resource Management and the \r\nAppropriation-Learning Perspective.Human Relations, 51(8), pp. 1033-1060.\r\nKirkaldy, B. D., Furnham, A. and Cooper, C. L. (1994) Police, personality, job \r\nsatisfaction and health. Stud iaPsychologica, 36, 55–63.\r\nKleinginna, P. and Kleinginna, A. (1981) A categorized list of emotion definitions, with \r\nsuggestions for a consensual definition. Motivation and Emotion, 5(4), pp. 345-379.\r\nKohn, A. (1996) By all available means: Cameron’s and Pierce’s defense of extrinsic \r\nmotivators. Review of Educational Research, 66, 1–4.\r\nKramer, R. (1999) TRUST AND DISTRUST IN ORGANIZATIONS: Emerging Perspectives, \r\nEnduring Questions.\r\nKristensen, T.S., Bjorner, J.B., Christensen, K.B. and Borg, V. (2004) “The distinction \r\nbetween work pace and working hours in the measurement of quantitative demands at work”. Work and Stress 18, 305–322.\r\nKunz, R., Kirschbaum, C. and Steptoe, A. (2004) Work stress, socioeconomic status \r\nand neuroendocrine activation over the working day. Social Science & Medicine, 58 (8):1523-1530. \r\nLawrence, N. (2006) Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative \r\napproaches. Boston: Pearson.\r\nLambert, E. G., Hogan, N.L. andAltheimer, I. (2010) “An exploratory examination of \r\nthe consequences of burnout in terms of life satisfaction, turnover intent, and absenteeism among private correctional staff”. The Prison J 2010, 90 (1):94–114.\r\nLankau, M. andScandura, T. A. (2002)An investigation of personal learning in \r\nmentoring relationships: Content, antecedents, and consequences. Academy of Management Journal, 4, 779-790.\r\n\r\nLatham, G. P. and Pinder, C. C. (2005) “Work Motivation Theory and Research at the \r\nDawn of the Twenty- First Century,” Annual Review of Psychology, pp. 485–516.\r\nLazarus, R. S. andFolkman, S. (1984) Stress, appraisal, and coping.NewYork\r\nSpringer.\r\nLeiter, M. (1991) Review of Stress management. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie\r\ncanadienne, 32(1), pp. 91-92.\r\nLee, J., McInerney, D., Liem, G. and Ortiga, Y. (2010) The relationship between future \r\ngoals and achievement goal orientations: An intrinsic–extrinsic motivation perspective. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 35(4), pp. 264-279.\r\nLee, J.S.Y. and Akhtar, S. (2007) Job burnout among nurses in Hong Kong: \r\nImplications for human resource practices and interventions. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 45:63–84. \r\nLee, K., Allen, N.J., Meyer, J.P. and Rhee, K.-Y. (2001) The three-component model\r\nof organizational commitment: An application to South Korea. Applied\r\nPsychology: An International Review, 50, 596-614.\r\nLee, T. W., Mitchell, T. R., Sablynksi.C. J., Burton, J. P., Holtom, B. C. and Brooks, C.\r\n(2004) The effects of job embeddedness on organizational citizenship, job performance, volitional absences, and voluntary turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 47, 711-722\r\nLepper, M. R., Corpus, J. H. andIyengar, S. S. (2005) Intrinsic and extrinsic \r\nmotivational orientations in the classroom: Age differences and academic correlates. Journal of Educational Psychology, 97, 184–196.\r\nLepper, M. R., Henderlong, J., Carol, S. and Judith, M. H. (2000) Turning ‘‘play” into \r\n‘‘work” and ‘‘work” into ‘‘play”: 25 Years of research on intrinsic versus extrinsic\r\nmotivation. In C. Sansone& J. Harackiewicz (Eds.), Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation (pp. 257–307). San Diego: Academic Press.\r\nLiem, A. D., Lau, S. andNie, Y. (2008) The role of self-efficacy, task value, and \r\nachievement goals in predicting learning strategies, task disengagement, peer relationship, and achievement outcome. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 33, 486–512.\r\nLiem, A. D. andPrasetya, P. H. (2006) The role of values and individually and socially \r\nrelated orientations in predicting achievement goals and academic performance among Indonesian students. In Paper presented in the symposium ‘‘social dimensions of achievement motivation: Southeast Asian research”, XXVI International Congress of Applied Psychology, Athens, Greece.\r\nLu, L., Cooper, C. L., Chen, Y. C., Hsu, C. H., Li, C. H., Wu, H. L. and Shih, J. B. (1995) \r\nChinese version of the OSI: A study of reliability and factor structures. Stress Medicine, 11, 149–155.\r\nLuthans, F. and Peterson, S. J. (2003) 360-degree feedback with systematic coaching: \r\nempirical analysis suggests a winning combination. Human Resource Management, 42, 243-256.\r\nLyne, K., Barrett, P., Williams, C. and Coaley, K. (2000) A psychometric evaluation of \r\nthe Occupational Stress Indicator. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 73(2), pp. 195-220.\r\nMalka, A.and Chatman, J. A. (2003) Intrinsic and extrinsic orientations as moderators \r\nof the effect of annual income on subjective wellbeing: a longitudinal study. Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull. 29:737–46\r\nMartin, T. andSchermerhorn, J. (1983) “Work and Nonwork Influences on Health: A \r\nResearch Agenda Using Inability to Leave as a Critical Variable”. Academy of Management Review, 8(4), pp. 650-659.\r\nMaslach, C. (2001) What have we learned about burnout and health? Psychology and \r\nHealth, 16 (5): 607-611. \r\nMaslach, C. and Leiter, M. P. (2008) “Early predictors of job burnout and \r\nengagement”. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(3), 498-512\r\nMaslach, C. and Jackson, S.E. (1993) Manual of the Maslach Burnout inventory, 2nd \r\nedition. Consulting Psychologists press: Palo Alto Calif.\r\nMaslach, C.Schaufeli, W. B.and Leiter, M. P. (2001)Job burnout.Annual Review of \r\nPsychology, 52:397–422.\r\nMaslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B. and Leiter, M. P. (2001) Job burnout.Annual Review of \r\nPsychology, 52, 397-422.\r\nMaslach, C., Jackson, S. E. and Leiter, M. P. (1996) MBI: The Maslach Burnout \r\nInventory: Manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.\r\nMatteson, M. T. and Ivancevich, J. M. (1987) Controlling Work Stress: Effective \r\nHuman Resource and Management Strategies. San Francisco, London: Jossey-Bass.\r\nMcInerney, D. M. andMcInerney, V. (2010) Educational psychology: Constructing \r\nlearning(5th ed.). Frenchs Forest, NSW: Pearson.\r\nMeglino, B. M., Ravlin, E. C. andDeNisi, A. S. (2000) A meta-analytic examination of \r\nrealistic job preview effectiveness: a test of three counterintuitive propositions. Human Resource Management Review, 10, 407 - 434.\r\nMiner, J. B. (2003) Organizational behavior theories: A quantitative review. Academy \r\nof Management Learning and Education, 2, 250–268.\r\n\r\nMueller, C. W.and Price, J. L. (1990) Economic, psychological and sociological \r\ndeterminants of turnover. Journal of Behavioral Economics, 19, 321-335.\r\nNg, T. W. H. and Feldman, D. C. (2009) “Re-examining the Relationship Between Age \r\nand Voluntary Turnover,” Journal of Vocational Behaviour 74). pp. 283–294.\r\nNunnally, J.C. (1978) Psychometric Theory, New York: McGraw-Hill.\r\nPayne, S. C. and Huffman, A. H. (2005) A longitudinal examination of the influence of \r\nmentoring on organizational commitment and turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 48, 158 -168.\r\nPiko, F.B. (2005) Burnout, role conflict, job satisfaction and psychosocial health \r\namong Hungarian health care staff: A questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 43 (3):311-318. \r\nPinder, C. C. (1998) Motivation in work organizations. Upper Saddle River, NJ: \r\nPrentice Hall.\r\nPitsis, T., Clegg, S. andKornberger, M. and (2011) Managing & organizations.\r\nThousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.\r\nPokay, P. andBlumenfeld, P. C. (1990) Predicting achievement early and late in the \r\nsemester: The role of motivation and use of learning strategies. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 41–50.\r\nPosthuma, R. A. and Campion, M. A. (2009) “Age Stereotypes in the Workplace: \r\nCommon Stereotypes, Moderators, and Future Research Directions,” Journal of Management 35, pp. 158–188.\r\nPrestholdt, P. H., Lane, I. M., and Mathews, R. C. (1987) Nurse turnover as reasoned \r\naction: Development of a process model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72, 221–227.\r\nPrice, J. L. (1977), The study of turnover. Ames: Iowa State University Press.\r\n\r\nRawsthorne, L. J. and Elliot, A. J. (1999) Achievement goals and intrinsic motivation: \r\nA meta-analytic review.Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3, 326–344.\r\nReeve, J., Deci, E. L. and Ryan, R. M. (2004) Self-determination theory: A dialectical \r\nframework for understanding sociocultural influences on student motivation. In D. M. McInerney& S. V. Etten (Eds.), Big theories: A volume in research on sociocultural influences on motivation and learning (pp. 31–60). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.\r\nReichheld (1993)Loyalty-based management.Harvard Business Review.\r\nReilly,P. (2003) The Link Between Pay and Performance.Brighton: Institute for \r\nEmployment Studies.\r\nRicher, S. F., Blanchard, U. and Vallerand, R. J. (2002) A motivational model of work \r\nturnover. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32, 2089–2113.\r\nRyan, R. M. andDeci, E. L. (2000) Self-determination theory and the facilitation of \r\nintrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68–78.\r\nRobbins, S. P. (2005) Essentials of organizational behavior. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: \r\nPearson/Prentice Hall.\r\nRobbins, S.P. andJudge, T. A. (2013) Organizational Behavior, 15th ed. Englewood \r\nCliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.\r\nRobbins, S. P., Judge, T. A., Millet, B.and Waters-Marsh, T. (2008) Organisational \r\nBehaviour (5th edn.). Australia: Pearson Education Australia.\r\nRoberts, K. (2007) \"Work-life balance – the sources of the contemporary problem \r\nand the probable outcomes: A review and interpretation of the evidence\", Employee Relations, Vol. 29 Iss 4 pp. 334-351\r\n\r\nRoth, S.F., Heo, G., Varnhagen, C. and Major, P.W. (2004) The relationship between \r\noccupational stress and job satisfaction in orthodontics. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dent facial Orthopedics, 126(1):106-109. \r\nRugulies, R., Christensen, K. B., Borritz, M., Villadsen, E., Bu¨ ltmann, U.and\r\nKristensen T. S. (2007) The contribution of the psychosocial work environment to sickness absence in human service workers: results of 3-year follow-up study. Work and Stress 21, 293–311.\r\nRyan, R. M., Connell, J. O. and Deci, E. L. (1985) A motivational analysis of \r\nselfdetermination and self-regulation in education. In C. Ames & R. Ames (Eds.).Research on motivation in education: The classroom milieu (Vol. 2). Orlando: Academic Press.\r\nRyan, R. M. and Deci, E. L. (1996) When paradigms clash: Comments on Cameron \r\nand Pierce’s claim that rewards do not undermine intrinsic motivation. Review of Educational Research, 66, 33–38.\r\nSalili, F. and Lai, M. K. (2003) Learning and motivation of Chinese students in Hong \r\nKong: A longitudinal study of contextual influences on students’ achievement orientation and performance. Psychology in the Schools, 40, 51–70.\r\nSansone, C. and Harackiewicz, J. M. (2000) Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: The \r\nsearch for optimal motivation and performance. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.\r\nSchaufeli, W. B., Leiter, M. P. and Maslach, C. (2009) Burnout: 35 years of research \r\nand practice. Career Development International, 14: 204-220.\r\nSchieman, S. and Glavin, P. (2011) “Education and work-family conflict: Explanations, \r\ncontingencies and mental health consequences”. Social Forces 89, 1341–1362.\r\nSchwab, R. (1983) Teacher burnout: Moving beyond “psychobabble”. Theory Into \r\nPractice, 22(1), pp. 21-26.\r\nSelye, H. (1983) The stress concept: Past, present, and future. In C., Cooper (Ed.), \r\nStress research: Issues for the eighties. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons.\r\nSewell, G. and Wilkinson, B. (1992) “Empowerment or emasculation?Shopfloor\r\nsurveillance in a total quality organization”, in Blyton, P. and Turnbull, P. (Eds), Reassessing Human Resource Management, Sage, London, pp. 97-115.\r\nShaw, J., Delery, J., Jenkins, G. and Gupta, N. (1998) “AN ORGANIZATION-LEVEL \r\nANALYSIS OF VOLUNTARY AND INVOLUNTARY TURNOVER”. Academy of Management Journal, 41(5), pp. 511-525.\r\nSherwood, B. J. (2006) How to Win Over Your Employees and Motivate Them to \r\nPerform. Metal Finishing, 52-53.\r\nShire, K. and Thurow, L. (1994) Head to Head: The Coming Economic Battle among \r\nJapan, Europe, and America. Contemporary Sociology, 23(1), p. 12.\r\nSilverman, D. (2006) Interpreting qualitative data. London: SAGE Publications.\r\nSimons, J., Vansteenkiste, M. and Lens, W. (2004) Placing motivation and future \r\ntimeperspective theory in a temporal perspective. Educational Psychology Review, 16, 121–139.\r\nStarosta, M. (2006) Engaging employees: Retention strategies for today’s growing \r\nbusinesses. (Unpublished Master‘s Thesis). Royal Roads University. Victoria.\r\nSwan, J. A., Cooper, C. L. and Moraes, L. F. R. (1993) Developing the Occupational \r\nStress Indicator (OSI) for use in Brazil. Stress Medicine, 19, 247–253.\r\nTausig, M. and Fenwick, R. (2012) Work and mental health in social context. New \r\nYork: Springer.\r\nTerre Blanche, M., Durrheim, K. and Painter, D. (2006) Research in practice. Cape \r\nTown: UCT Press.\r\n\r\nTurbin, M. S. and Rosse, J. G. (1990) Staffing issues in the high technology industry, in \r\nL. R. Gomez-Meijia, & M. W. Lawless (Eds.).Organization Issues in High Technology Management. London: JAI Press.\r\nUpton, G. and Cook, I.(2008) Pearson`s correlation coefficient. In A Dictionary of \r\nStatistics.: Oxford University Press.\r\nVansteenkiste, M., Lens, W. and Deci, E. L. (2006). Intrinsic versus extrinsic: Goal \r\ncontents in self-determination theory: Another look at the quality of academic motivation. Educational Psychologist, 41, 19–31.\r\nWilliams, C. M. (1997) Occupational stress in a National Health Service trust: An \r\nanalysis of the theoretical model of the Occupational Stress Indicator. Unpublished DClinPsychol thesis, University of Leeds.\r\nWilliams, E. S., Konrad, T.R., Scheckler, W. E., Pathman, D. E., Linzer, M., McMurray,\r\nJ., Gerrity, M.and Schwartz, M. (2001) Understanding physicians’ intentions to withdraw from practice: the role of job satisfaction, job stress, mental and physical health.Health Care Management Review 26, 7–19.\r\nWagner, R. and Harter, J. K. (2006) The Elements of Great Managing (Washington, \r\nDC: Gallup Press, 2006).\r\nWilliams, S. and Cooper, L. (2002) Managing workplace stress: A best practice \r\nblueprint. West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons.\r\nWinmate.com, (2016) WinMate Communication INC. [online] Available at: \r\nhttp://www.winmate.com/winmate_overview.htm.\r\nZikmund, W. G. (1997) Exploring Marketing Research. Fort Worth: The Dryden Press. zh_TW
