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題名 俄羅斯大公司開發離岸計畫的規模，原因和經濟後果
Scale, reasons and economic consequences of exploiting offshore schemes by russian large companies
作者 周子恩
Balganov, Zorikto
貢獻者 吳文傑
Wu, Jack
周子恩
Balganov, Zorikto
關鍵詞 境外金融中心
避稅天堂
避稅
俄羅斯大公司
去離境化
Offshore financial center
Tax heaven
Tax avoidance
Russian large company
De-offshorization
日期 2017
上傳時間 24-Jul-2017 12:08:26 (UTC+8)
摘要 Offshore jurisdictions have become popular among corporations around the globe. They provide opportunities to reduce taxes by registering companies there. The Russian large firms have joined the trend, but exploit offshore schemes in different ways. They incorporate offshore companies with their subsidiaries operating in Russia. The main purpose is to protect assets from hostile capture by other businesses or even the government. Thus, businessmen stay hidden as end beneficiaries behind the offshore companies’ chain.
The offshorization in the country has its enormous scale. Up to 90% of the largest companies are involved in offshore patterns. The government makes some efforts to force companies to come back to the country, but they are not effective. To succeed, corporations should experience the improved business climate and have an opportunity to defend themselves in fair courts. It is the government’s responsibility to make such appealing conditions.
As a result, nowadays, Russia suffers not only from less tax collection, but also from losing control over strategically important enterprises and even industries. Thus, the phenomenon threatens to the country`s national security.
參考文獻 Aviaport. 2017. THE AIRPORT DOMODEDOVO IS RECOGNIZED THE BEST IN RUSSIA. Moscow, March 3. https://www.aviaport.ru/digest/2017/03/28/431345.html.
Banki.ru. 2013. The head of the Central Bank told where the capital flows from the Russian Federation. Moscow, February 20. http://www.banki.ru/news/lenta/?id=4585096.
Basargin, Igor. 2008. "The Institute of Entrepreunership problems." Offshore: what has changed and what to expect. Accessed March 2017. http://www.ippnou.ru/print/004168/.
Becketko, Andreas. 2016. The benefits of a shell company. Berlin: Deutsche Welle, April 6. http://www.dw.com/en/the-benefits-of-a-shell-company/a-19170221.
Berezanskaya, Elena. 2016. "What we know about the company, because of which a partner of Vekselberg was arrested." Forbes, September 8. http://www.forbes.ru/novosti/biznes/327711-chto-my-znaem-o-kompanii-iz-za-kotoroi-popal-v-tyurmu-partner-vekselberga.
Cambridge Dictionary. n.d. Offshore. Accessed March 2017. http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/offshore.
Cassell, Warren. 2016. 4 Benefits of Owing an Offshore Company. May 31.
Cyprus Property Info. 2014. ‘Renova Group’ became a shareholder of Bank of Cyprus. Cyprus, September 20. http://cyprusproperty.info/news/122.
Economic Pravda. 2016. Top-10 tax havens control 56% of the world market of offshore services. Kiev, April 8.
Edwards, Ben. 2014. "Russia’s Alfa Bank Braves the Bond Market." The Wall Street Journal, November 13. https://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2014/11/13/russias-alfa-bank-braves-the-bond-market/.
Ermolov, M. 2013. "Measuring the outflow of capital from Russia." Business and Banks, issue 9 1-2, 8.
FATF. n.d. High-risk and non-cooperative jurisdictions. Accessed April 2017. http://www.fatf-gafi.org/publications/high-riskandnon-cooperativejurisdictions/?hf=10&b=0&s=desc(fatf_releasedate).
Fitch Ratings. 2014. CBonds Financial Information. October 24. Accessed April 2017. http://cbonds.com/news/item/740209.
Fletcher, Laurence. 2016. "5 Things to Know About Offshore Centers." The Wall Street Journal, April 5.
Forbes. 2013. News. November 7. Accessed April 2017. http://www.forbes.ru/news/247010-aeroport-domodedovo-raskryl-strukturu-vladeniya.
Grigorieva, Yulia. 2016. "Deoffshorization In The System Of Foreign Economic Interests Of The Russian Federation." PhD Thesis, The State University of Management, Moscow.
Gurgulia, Astanda. 2015. "Offshore jurisdictions: concept, essence and types." The world is on the verge of change: Economy. Control. Right 174-178.
Harari, Moran, Markus Meinzer, and Richard Murphy. 2012. "Taxjustice." Financial Secrecy, Banks and the Big 4 Firms of Accountants. Accessed March 2017. http://www.taxjustice.net/cms/upload/pdf/FSI2012_BanksBig4.pdf.
Heifetc, Boris. 2008. Offshore jurisdictions in global and national economy. Moscow: Economics.
Henry, S. James. 2012. The Price of offshore Revisited: New Estimates for "Missing" Gobal Private Wealth, Income, Inequality, and Lost Taxes. Work Paper, Tax Justice Network.
IES Holdings, Inc. 2016. "US SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION." FORM 10-K. December 9. Accessed April 2017. http://secfilings.nasdaq.com/edgar_conv_html%2f2016%2f12%2f09%2f0001193125-16-789187.html#FIS_BUSINESS.
Igumenov, Valeriy. 2015. "Russia or offshore: where are the 500 largest companies of the country." RBC, October 8. http://www.rbc.ru/business/08/10/2015/561583d49a794756766bfe4f.
IMF. 2003. External Debt Statistics: Guide for Compilers and Users. Washington DC: International Monetary Fund.
Inosmi.ru. 2015. Russia: Capital flight reached unprecedented scale. Moscow, March 12. http://inosmi.ru/russia/20150312/226801206.html.
Interfax. 2015. Investigative Committee of Russia found the owners of the airport "Domodedovo". Moscow, July 24. http://www.interfax.ru/russia/455780.
—. 2013. ""IES-Holding" was transformed from LLC into CJSC." Vedomosti, December 23. https://www.vedomosti.ru/business/news/2013/12/23/kes-holding-preobrazovano-v-zao.
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Katasonov, Valentin. 2014. The Gold Scam: New World Order as a Ponzi Scheme. Moscow: Algoritm.
Kaverina, Tatyana, Maxim Pervunin, and Ekaterina Tikhomirova. 2007. "How to reduce taxes with the help of the European holding company." Practical tax planning, issue 9.
Klein, Karen E. 2005. Insource, Offshore, Outsource - Help! May 26.
Kononova, Yulia. 2015. Russia`s new anti-offshore legislation. Thesis, Paris: Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne. https://www.univ-paris1.fr/fileadmin/diplome_M2OFIS/OFIS_2014-2015/Articles/_10_Russia_s_new_anti-_offshore_legislation_by_Yulia_Konnova.pdf.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA)
104933061
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0104933061
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 吳文傑zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Wu, Jacken_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 周子恩zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Balganov, Zoriktoen_US
dc.creator (作者) 周子恩zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Balganov, Zoriktoen_US
dc.date (日期) 2017en_US
dc.date.accessioned 24-Jul-2017 12:08:26 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 24-Jul-2017 12:08:26 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 24-Jul-2017 12:08:26 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0104933061en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/111349-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 104933061zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Offshore jurisdictions have become popular among corporations around the globe. They provide opportunities to reduce taxes by registering companies there. The Russian large firms have joined the trend, but exploit offshore schemes in different ways. They incorporate offshore companies with their subsidiaries operating in Russia. The main purpose is to protect assets from hostile capture by other businesses or even the government. Thus, businessmen stay hidden as end beneficiaries behind the offshore companies’ chain.
The offshorization in the country has its enormous scale. Up to 90% of the largest companies are involved in offshore patterns. The government makes some efforts to force companies to come back to the country, but they are not effective. To succeed, corporations should experience the improved business climate and have an opportunity to defend themselves in fair courts. It is the government’s responsibility to make such appealing conditions.
As a result, nowadays, Russia suffers not only from less tax collection, but also from losing control over strategically important enterprises and even industries. Thus, the phenomenon threatens to the country`s national security.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 1. Introduction 1
1.1. Background 1
1.2. Research Area 2
1.3. Research Problem 3
1.4. Thesis Structure 3
2. Theoretical Foundations of Offshore Activity 5
2.1. Conceptual Framework and Definition 5
2.1.1. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development 7
2.1.2. International Monetary Fund 8
2.1.3. Tax Justice Network 9
2.2. Classification 10
2.2.1. Classical Jurisdictions 14
2.2.2. Respectable Jurisdictions 14
2.2.3. Low-tax Jurisdictions 15
2.2.4. Offshore Companies Classification 16
2.3. Offshores: Pros and Cons 18
2.3.1. Advantages 19
2.3.2. Disadvantages 22
3. International Practice of Offshoring 25
3.1. Scale 25
3.2. Reasons 29
3.3. Consequences 31
3.4. Lists of Jurisdictions 33
4. Offshore Schemes in Russian practice 45
4.1. Scale 45
4.2. Reasons 48
4.3. Common Schemes in Use 49
4.3.1. Export-Import 51
4.3.2. Agent 53
4.3.3. Construction 54
4.3.4. Manufacturing 55
4.3.5. Transport 56
4.3.6. Services 57
4.3.7. Credit and interest 58
4.3.8. Royalty 59
4.3.9. Incorporation and dividends 59
4.3.10. Prepayment 60
4.4. General Characteristics of Offshore Schemes 61
4.5. Consequences 62
5. Offshore Business Cases from Russia 65
5.1. Alfa-Bank 65
5.1.1. Company Profile 65
5.1.2. Ownership Structure 66
5.1.3. Offshore Scheme in Use 67
5.2. T Plus Group 70
5.2.1. Company Profile 70
5.2.2. Ownership Structure 70
5.2.3. Offshore Scheme in Use 71
5.3. Domodedovo Airport 73
5.3.1. Company Profile 73
5.3.2. Ownership Structure 73
5.3.3. Offshore Scheme in Use 76
6. Discussion 78
6.1. Cases Discussion 78
6.2. Scale 80
6.3. Reasons 82
6.4. Consequences 83
6.5. Anti-Offshores Actions 85
6.5.1. International Efforts 85
6.5.2. De-offshorization in Russia 88
7. Conclusion 93
References 96
Appendix 1. Financial Secrecy Ranking Top 20 by TJN in 2015. 104
Appendix 2. Examples of Uses of Offshore Financial Centers. 105
Appendix 3. Countries, Territories, and Jurisdictions with Offshore Financial Centers. 108
Appendix 4. Main countries-receivers of Russian FDI in 2009-2013. 109
Appendix 5. Direct investments to Russia over the main partner countries in 2012-2015. 110
Appendix 6. 16 typical schemes of tax evasion by FTS. 112		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1994081 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0104933061en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 境外金融中心zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 避稅天堂zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 避稅zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 俄羅斯大公司zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 去離境化zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Offshore financial centeren_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Tax heavenen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Tax avoidanceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Russian large companyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) De-offshorizationen_US
dc.title (題名) 俄羅斯大公司開發離岸計畫的規模，原因和經濟後果zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Scale, reasons and economic consequences of exploiting offshore schemes by russian large companiesen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Aviaport. 2017. THE AIRPORT DOMODEDOVO IS RECOGNIZED THE BEST IN RUSSIA. Moscow, March 3. https://www.aviaport.ru/digest/2017/03/28/431345.html.
Banki.ru. 2013. The head of the Central Bank told where the capital flows from the Russian Federation. Moscow, February 20. http://www.banki.ru/news/lenta/?id=4585096.
Basargin, Igor. 2008. "The Institute of Entrepreunership problems." Offshore: what has changed and what to expect. Accessed March 2017. http://www.ippnou.ru/print/004168/.
Becketko, Andreas. 2016. The benefits of a shell company. Berlin: Deutsche Welle, April 6. http://www.dw.com/en/the-benefits-of-a-shell-company/a-19170221.
Berezanskaya, Elena. 2016. "What we know about the company, because of which a partner of Vekselberg was arrested." Forbes, September 8. http://www.forbes.ru/novosti/biznes/327711-chto-my-znaem-o-kompanii-iz-za-kotoroi-popal-v-tyurmu-partner-vekselberga.
Cambridge Dictionary. n.d. Offshore. Accessed March 2017. http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/offshore.
Cassell, Warren. 2016. 4 Benefits of Owing an Offshore Company. May 31.
Cyprus Property Info. 2014. ‘Renova Group’ became a shareholder of Bank of Cyprus. Cyprus, September 20. http://cyprusproperty.info/news/122.
Economic Pravda. 2016. Top-10 tax havens control 56% of the world market of offshore services. Kiev, April 8.
Edwards, Ben. 2014. "Russia’s Alfa Bank Braves the Bond Market." The Wall Street Journal, November 13. https://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2014/11/13/russias-alfa-bank-braves-the-bond-market/.
Ermolov, M. 2013. "Measuring the outflow of capital from Russia." Business and Banks, issue 9 1-2, 8.
FATF. n.d. High-risk and non-cooperative jurisdictions. Accessed April 2017. http://www.fatf-gafi.org/publications/high-riskandnon-cooperativejurisdictions/?hf=10&b=0&s=desc(fatf_releasedate).
Fitch Ratings. 2014. CBonds Financial Information. October 24. Accessed April 2017. http://cbonds.com/news/item/740209.
Fletcher, Laurence. 2016. "5 Things to Know About Offshore Centers." The Wall Street Journal, April 5.
Forbes. 2013. News. November 7. Accessed April 2017. http://www.forbes.ru/news/247010-aeroport-domodedovo-raskryl-strukturu-vladeniya.
Grigorieva, Yulia. 2016. "Deoffshorization In The System Of Foreign Economic Interests Of The Russian Federation." PhD Thesis, The State University of Management, Moscow.
Gurgulia, Astanda. 2015. "Offshore jurisdictions: concept, essence and types." The world is on the verge of change: Economy. Control. Right 174-178.
Harari, Moran, Markus Meinzer, and Richard Murphy. 2012. "Taxjustice." Financial Secrecy, Banks and the Big 4 Firms of Accountants. Accessed March 2017. http://www.taxjustice.net/cms/upload/pdf/FSI2012_BanksBig4.pdf.
Heifetc, Boris. 2008. Offshore jurisdictions in global and national economy. Moscow: Economics.
Henry, S. James. 2012. The Price of offshore Revisited: New Estimates for "Missing" Gobal Private Wealth, Income, Inequality, and Lost Taxes. Work Paper, Tax Justice Network.
IES Holdings, Inc. 2016. "US SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION." FORM 10-K. December 9. Accessed April 2017. http://secfilings.nasdaq.com/edgar_conv_html%2f2016%2f12%2f09%2f0001193125-16-789187.html#FIS_BUSINESS.
Igumenov, Valeriy. 2015. "Russia or offshore: where are the 500 largest companies of the country." RBC, October 8. http://www.rbc.ru/business/08/10/2015/561583d49a794756766bfe4f.
IMF. 2003. External Debt Statistics: Guide for Compilers and Users. Washington DC: International Monetary Fund.
Inosmi.ru. 2015. Russia: Capital flight reached unprecedented scale. Moscow, March 12. http://inosmi.ru/russia/20150312/226801206.html.
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