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題名 新興農法在台灣的發展前景-以魚菜共生農業法為可能的方法解決台灣糧食問題為例
The Development of Novel Agricultural Sectors in Formosa: Exploring the Case of Aquaponics in Taiwan
作者 廖欣儀
Liao, Joyce
貢獻者 湯京平
Tang, Ching-Ping
廖欣儀
Liao, Joyce
關鍵詞 魚菜共生
水培
Aquaponics
Hydroponics
日期 2017
上傳時間 31-Jul-2017 11:24:34 (UTC+8)
摘要 本論文以細部研究和探討魚菜共生產業在台灣近幾年的運作及成長。在主要論文研究之前，有證據顯示魚菜共生多種值得發展的理由: 安全、環境考量、教育、食品安全等等。關於論文研究方法，採用深入訪談，以質化和量化方式取得魚菜共生相關行業的經驗。取得的資料配合文獻探討予以分析及討論，最後結論提供魚菜共生產業在台灣未來發展的建議和相關意見提供。
This thesis entails a detailed exploration and investigation of the Aquaponics sector in Taiwan in relation to its operations and growth over its short history. Before this primary research occurred, however, the thesis provided evidence that Aquaponics was both safe and a worthwhile pursuit for a multitude of reasons relating to environmental concerns, education, food safety, and more. For the methodology of this research undertaking, in-depth interviews were used to gather qualitative and quantitative data from those involved and experienced with the Aquaponics industry in Taiwan. This data was analyzed and discussed in conjunction with a literature review the provided a basis for understanding said data. Suggestions for the future development of the Aquaponics sector in Taiwan are presented along with other recommendations.
參考文獻 Advertising Law: Taiwan. (2013). Retrieved November 15, 2016, from www.wangandwang.com/files/2013/04/Taiwan_Ad_Law.pdf
Aquaponics Standards - Certified Naturally Grown. (n.d.). Certified Naturally Grown.
Retrieved January 20, 2017, from http://www.cngfarming.org/Aquaponics_standards
Bartos, J. (2011). Food safety. Detroit: Greenhaven Press.
Bernstein, S. (2011, June 9). AQUAPONICS, SAFE FOOD, AND PUBLIC PERCEPTION. The Aquaponics Source. Retrieved January 20, 2017.
Blidariu, F., & Grozea, A. (2011). Increasing the Economical Efficiency and Sustainability of Indoor Fish Farming by Means of Aquaponics-Review. Scientific Papers Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 44(2), 1-8.
Boeije, H. (2002). A purposeful approach to the constant comparative method in the analysis of qualitative interviews. Quality and quantity, 36(4), 391-409.
Can hydroponics be organic? (2016, March 29). Retrieved May 30, 2017, from http://hortamericas.com/blog/news/can-Hydroponics-be-organic/
Chalmers, G. A. (2004). ″Aquaponics and Food Safety ″. Lethbridge, Alberta April.
Chapman, C., Jackson, B., Neumann, D., Steffes, B., Weber, N., & Damm, C. Collaboration for Aquaponics Sustainable Energy. Milwaukee School of Engineering. PDF.
Childress, V. W. (2002). Promising alternatives in agri-technology: Aquaponics.(Resources in Technology). The Technology Teacher, 62(4), 17-22.
Dart, R. (2004). The legitimacy of social enterprise. Nonprofit management and leadership, 14(4), 411-424.
Defourny, J., & Nyssens, M. (2010). Conceptions of social enterprise and social entrepreneurship in Europe and the United States: Convergences and divergences. Journal of social entrepreneurship, 1(1), 32-53.
Diver, S. (2000). Aquaponics-Integration of Hydroponics with aquaculture. Attra.
Enduta, A., Jusoh, A., Ali, N., & Wan Nik, W. B. (2011). Nutrient removal from aquaculture wastewater by vegetable production in Aquaponics recirculation system. Desalination and water treatment, 32(1-3), 422-430.
Espinosa Moya, E. A., Angel Sahagún, C. A., Mendoza Carrillo, J. M., Albertos Alpuche, P. J., Álvarez‐González, C. A., & Martínez‐Yáñez, R. (2014). Herbaceous plants as part of biological filter for Aquaponics system. Aquaculture Research.
FDA Taiwan, (2015, December 16). Acts and Regulations. Retrieved September 20, 2016, from http://www.fda.gov.tw
Goddek, S., Delaide, B., Mankasingh, U., Ragnarsdottir, K. V., Jijakli, H., & Thorarinsdottir, R. (2015). Challenges of sustainable and commercial Aquaponics. Sustainability, 7(4), 4199-4224.
Goodman, E. R. (2011). Aquaponics: community and economic development (Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology).
Gupta, C. B. (2007). Quantitative methods. New Delhi: Asian Books
Hart, E. R., Webb, J. B., & Danylchuk, A. J. (2013). Implementation of Aquaponics in Education: An Assessment of Challenges and Solutions. Science Education International, 24(4), 460-480.
Hollyer, J., Tamaru, C., Riggs, A., Klinger-Bowen, R., Howerton, R., Okimoto, D., ... & Martinez, G. (2009). On-farm food safety: Aquaponics.
Hu, Z., Lee, J. W., Chandran, K., Kim, S., Brotto, A. C., & Khanal, S. K. (2015). Effect of plant species on nitrogen recovery in Aquaponics. Bioresource technology, 188, 92-98.
Hummel-Rossi, B., McIlwain, C. D., Mattis, J., Odyssey Productions LLC., & Insight Media (Firm). (2006). Quantitative methods. New York, NY: Distributed by Insight Media.
Jick, T. D. (1979). Mixing qualitative and quantitative methods: Triangulation in action. Administrative science quarterly, 24(4), 602-611.
Jha, N. K. (2008). Research methodology. Chandigarh: Abhishek Publications.
Jones, S. (2002). Evolution of Aquaponics. Aquaponics J, 6, 14-17.
Love, D. C., Fry, J. P., Genello, L., Hill, E. S., Frederick, J. A., Li, X., & Semmens, K. (2014). An international survey of Aquaponics practitioners. PloS one, 9(7), e102662.
Marklin Jr, R. W., Mathison, M., Mayer, B. K., Nagurka, M. L., Cariapa, V., & Schläppi, M. (2013). Development of an Aquaponics Research Program.
Marklin Jr, R. W., Mathison, M., Mayer, B., Nagurka, M., Cariapa, V., & Schabelski, J. (2013). Aquaponics: A Sustainable Food Production System that Provides Research Projects for Undergraduate Engineering Students.
Masser, M. P., Rakocy, J., & Losordo, T. M. (1999). Recirculating aquaculture tank production systems. Management of recirculating systems. SRAC Publication, 452.
Milverton, S. (2010). Aquaponics: an inquiry into a multi-sensory, differentiated learning project in Australasian and Asian Schools using Aquaponics as a key focus. Proceedings of Global Learn Asia Pacific. Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education, Penang, Malaysia, 3719-3723.
NASA. (n.d.). Causes of Climate Change. Retrieved May 30, 2017, from http://climate.nasa.gov/causes/
Nelson, R. L. (10). Great examples of Aquaponics in education. Aquaponics Journal, 3, 18-21.
Nichols, M. (2013). Aquaponics: Myth or magic. Practical Hydroponics and Greenhouses, (137), 14.
Nichols, M. A., & Savidov, N. A. (2011, March). Aquaponics: Protein and vegetables for developing countries. In I International Symposium on Sustainable Vegetable Production in Southeast Asia 958 (pp. 189-193).
Oakshott, L. (2014). Quantitative methods. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Pade, J. S., & Nelson, R. L. (2005, September). Village Aquaponics. In International Conference and Exhibition on Soilless Culture: ICESC 2005 742 (pp. 197-199).
Rakocy, J. E. (2012). Aquaponics—integrating fish and plant culture. Aquaculture production systems, 344-386.
Rakocy, J. E., Masser, M. P., & Losordo, T. M. (2006). Recirculating aquaculture tank production systems: Aquaponics—integrating fish and plant culture. SRAC publication, 454, 1-16.
Research Institute of Organic Agriculture. (2016). Activity report. Retrieved June 30, 2017, from http://www.fibl.org/en/about-us/activity-report.html
Roy, M., Salam, M. A., Hossain, M. B., & Shamsuddin, M. (2013). Feasibility study of Aquaponics in polyculture pond. World Applied Sciences Journal, 23(5), 588-592.
Salam, M. A., Prodhan, M. Y., Sayem, S. M., & Islam, M. A. (2014). COMPARATIVE GROWTH PERFORMANCES OF TARO PLANT IN AQUAPONICS VS OTHER SYSTEMS. International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 7(3), 941.
Tokunaga, K., Tamaru, C., Ako, H., & Leung, P. (2015). Economics of Small‐scale Commercial Aquaponics in Hawai ‘i. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 46(1), 20-32.
Tourism Bureau, Republic of China (Taiwan). (n.d.). Retrieved May 30, 2017, from http://eng.taiwan.net.tw/
Tyson, R. V., Simonne, E. H., White, J. M., & Lamb, E. M. (2004). Reconciling water quality parameters impacting nitrification in Aquaponics: the pH levels. In Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc (Vol. 117, pp. 79-83).
Unsustainable fishing. (n.d.). Retrieved May 30, 2017, from http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/problems/problems_fishing
Vermeulen, T., & Kamstra, A. (2012, May). The need for systems design for robust aquaponic systems in the urban environment. In International Symposium on Soilless Cultivation 1004 (pp. 71-77).
Wardlow, G. W., Johnson, D. M., Mueller, C. L., & Hilgenberg, C. E. (2002). Enhancing student interest in the agricultural sciences through Aquaponics. Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education, 31, 55.
What is the meaning of `natural` on the label of food? (2016). FDA - Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved January 20, 2017, from http://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/Transparency/Basics/ucm214868.htm
Wilson, G. (2005). Greenhouse Aquaponics proves superior to inorganic Hydroponics. Aquaponics Journal, 39(4), 14-17.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)
99926005
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099926005
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 湯京平zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Tang, Ching-Pingen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 廖欣儀zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Liao, Joyceen_US
dc.creator (作者) 廖欣儀zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Liao, Joyceen_US
dc.date (日期) 2017en_US
dc.date.accessioned 31-Jul-2017 11:24:34 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 31-Jul-2017 11:24:34 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 31-Jul-2017 11:24:34 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0099926005en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/111554-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 99926005zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本論文以細部研究和探討魚菜共生產業在台灣近幾年的運作及成長。在主要論文研究之前，有證據顯示魚菜共生多種值得發展的理由: 安全、環境考量、教育、食品安全等等。關於論文研究方法，採用深入訪談，以質化和量化方式取得魚菜共生相關行業的經驗。取得的資料配合文獻探討予以分析及討論，最後結論提供魚菜共生產業在台灣未來發展的建議和相關意見提供。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This thesis entails a detailed exploration and investigation of the Aquaponics sector in Taiwan in relation to its operations and growth over its short history. Before this primary research occurred, however, the thesis provided evidence that Aquaponics was both safe and a worthwhile pursuit for a multitude of reasons relating to environmental concerns, education, food safety, and more. For the methodology of this research undertaking, in-depth interviews were used to gather qualitative and quantitative data from those involved and experienced with the Aquaponics industry in Taiwan. This data was analyzed and discussed in conjunction with a literature review the provided a basis for understanding said data. Suggestions for the future development of the Aquaponics sector in Taiwan are presented along with other recommendations.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Chapter 1: Why Aquaponics Matters - 1 -
1.1 Purpose and research questions - 1 -
1.2 Background information - 1 -
1.2.1 The importance of agriculture in Taiwan - 1 -
1.2.2 Food safety in Taiwan and the need for alternative agriculture - 4 -
1.3 Global warming, fishery depletion, and the push for Aquaponics - 6 -
1.4 Aquaponics and water conservation, other advantages - 8 -
1.5 Why study Aquaponics in Taiwan? - 9 -
1.6 Selected key terms - 9 -

Chapter 2: Literature Review - 11 -
2.1 The science and safety of Aquaponics - 11 -
2.2 Is Aquaponics natural? - 15 -
2.3 History and background of Aquaponics - 16 -
2.4 Taiwan’s laws affecting Aquaponics food - 19 -
2.4.1 The Act Regulating Sanitation and Food Safety - 19 -
2.4.2 Regulation on Nutrition Labeling of Prepackaged Food - 21 -
2.5 Finding a niche in Taiwan for the Aquaponics sector - 23 -
2.5.1 Social enterprise - 24 -
2.5.2 Education industry - 25 -
2.5.3 Eco-tourism - 27 -
2.5.4 Produce retail - 28 -
2.6 Criticisms of Aquaponics - 29 -

Chapter 3: Research Methodology and Design - 31 -
3.1 Hybrid research method - 31 -
3.2 Interview subjects chosen for the study and interview design - 37 -
3.3 Consumer surveys - 37 -
3.4 Complications of the study - 38 -
3.5 Conceptual framework - 39 -

Chapter 4: Findings of the Research - 41 -
4.1 Interviewee case introductions - 41 -
4.2 Overarching conclusions of the interviews (From the farmers) - 43 -
4.3 Consumer survey findings - 47 -
4.3.1 Respondent demographics - 48 -
4.3.2 Familiarity with Aquaponics - 49 -
4.3.3 Reactions to Aquaponics - 50 -
4.3.4 Experience with Aquaponics food - 53 -
4.3.5 Willingness to pay for Aquaponics food - 54 -

Chapter 5: Discussion - 55 -
5.1 Legal status of Aquaponics in Taiwan - 55 -
5.2 Challenges that farmers face - 55 -
5.3 Aquaponics and eco-tourism - 56 -
5.4 Aquaponics as a consumer hobby - 57 -
5.5 Aquaponics as an educational tool - 58 -
5.6 Further implementation - 59 -
5.7 Surprises in the research - 60 -
5.8 Safety and viability - 62 -

Chapter 6: Conclusion - 65 -
6.1 Summary of study - 65 -
6.2 Recommendations for future research - 67 -
6.3 Can it survive? - 68 -
6.4 On large-scale environmental issues - 69 -
6.5 Personal conclusions - 70 -
6.5.1 Safety concerns - 70 -
6.5.2 Public opinion - 72 -
6.5.3 Farmers’ experience - 72 -
6.5.4 Final thoughts - 73 -

Appendix - 75 -
A. Photos of Aquaponics Farms Surveyed for the Study - 75 -
B. Qualitative Interview Questions for Aquaponics Business Proprietors - 79 -
C. Quantitative Survey Questions for Consumers - 80 -
D.1 Notes of Farmer Interview A - 82 -
D.2 Notes of Farmer Interview B - 86 -
D.3 Notes of Farmer Interview C - 90 -
D.4 Notes of Farmer Interview D - 94 -

References - 99 -		zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099926005en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 魚菜共生zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 水培zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Aquaponicsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Hydroponicsen_US
dc.title (題名) 新興農法在台灣的發展前景-以魚菜共生農業法為可能的方法解決台灣糧食問題為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Development of Novel Agricultural Sectors in Formosa: Exploring the Case of Aquaponics in Taiwanen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Advertising Law: Taiwan. (2013). Retrieved November 15, 2016, from www.wangandwang.com/files/2013/04/Taiwan_Ad_Law.pdf
Aquaponics Standards - Certified Naturally Grown. (n.d.). Certified Naturally Grown.
Retrieved January 20, 2017, from http://www.cngfarming.org/Aquaponics_standards
Bartos, J. (2011). Food safety. Detroit: Greenhaven Press.
Bernstein, S. (2011, June 9). AQUAPONICS, SAFE FOOD, AND PUBLIC PERCEPTION. The Aquaponics Source. Retrieved January 20, 2017.
Blidariu, F., & Grozea, A. (2011). Increasing the Economical Efficiency and Sustainability of Indoor Fish Farming by Means of Aquaponics-Review. Scientific Papers Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 44(2), 1-8.
Boeije, H. (2002). A purposeful approach to the constant comparative method in the analysis of qualitative interviews. Quality and quantity, 36(4), 391-409.
Can hydroponics be organic? (2016, March 29). Retrieved May 30, 2017, from http://hortamericas.com/blog/news/can-Hydroponics-be-organic/
Chalmers, G. A. (2004). ″Aquaponics and Food Safety ″. Lethbridge, Alberta April.
Chapman, C., Jackson, B., Neumann, D., Steffes, B., Weber, N., & Damm, C. Collaboration for Aquaponics Sustainable Energy. Milwaukee School of Engineering. PDF.
Childress, V. W. (2002). Promising alternatives in agri-technology: Aquaponics.(Resources in Technology). The Technology Teacher, 62(4), 17-22.
Dart, R. (2004). The legitimacy of social enterprise. Nonprofit management and leadership, 14(4), 411-424.
Defourny, J., & Nyssens, M. (2010). Conceptions of social enterprise and social entrepreneurship in Europe and the United States: Convergences and divergences. Journal of social entrepreneurship, 1(1), 32-53.
Diver, S. (2000). Aquaponics-Integration of Hydroponics with aquaculture. Attra.
Enduta, A., Jusoh, A., Ali, N., & Wan Nik, W. B. (2011). Nutrient removal from aquaculture wastewater by vegetable production in Aquaponics recirculation system. Desalination and water treatment, 32(1-3), 422-430.
Espinosa Moya, E. A., Angel Sahagún, C. A., Mendoza Carrillo, J. M., Albertos Alpuche, P. J., Álvarez‐González, C. A., & Martínez‐Yáñez, R. (2014). Herbaceous plants as part of biological filter for Aquaponics system. Aquaculture Research.
FDA Taiwan, (2015, December 16). Acts and Regulations. Retrieved September 20, 2016, from http://www.fda.gov.tw
Goddek, S., Delaide, B., Mankasingh, U., Ragnarsdottir, K. V., Jijakli, H., & Thorarinsdottir, R. (2015). Challenges of sustainable and commercial Aquaponics. Sustainability, 7(4), 4199-4224.
Goodman, E. R. (2011). Aquaponics: community and economic development (Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology).
Gupta, C. B. (2007). Quantitative methods. New Delhi: Asian Books
Hart, E. R., Webb, J. B., & Danylchuk, A. J. (2013). Implementation of Aquaponics in Education: An Assessment of Challenges and Solutions. Science Education International, 24(4), 460-480.
Hollyer, J., Tamaru, C., Riggs, A., Klinger-Bowen, R., Howerton, R., Okimoto, D., ... & Martinez, G. (2009). On-farm food safety: Aquaponics.
Hu, Z., Lee, J. W., Chandran, K., Kim, S., Brotto, A. C., & Khanal, S. K. (2015). Effect of plant species on nitrogen recovery in Aquaponics. Bioresource technology, 188, 92-98.
Hummel-Rossi, B., McIlwain, C. D., Mattis, J., Odyssey Productions LLC., & Insight Media (Firm). (2006). Quantitative methods. New York, NY: Distributed by Insight Media.
Jick, T. D. (1979). Mixing qualitative and quantitative methods: Triangulation in action. Administrative science quarterly, 24(4), 602-611.
Jha, N. K. (2008). Research methodology. Chandigarh: Abhishek Publications.
Jones, S. (2002). Evolution of Aquaponics. Aquaponics J, 6, 14-17.
Love, D. C., Fry, J. P., Genello, L., Hill, E. S., Frederick, J. A., Li, X., & Semmens, K. (2014). An international survey of Aquaponics practitioners. PloS one, 9(7), e102662.
Marklin Jr, R. W., Mathison, M., Mayer, B. K., Nagurka, M. L., Cariapa, V., & Schläppi, M. (2013). Development of an Aquaponics Research Program.
Marklin Jr, R. W., Mathison, M., Mayer, B., Nagurka, M., Cariapa, V., & Schabelski, J. (2013). Aquaponics: A Sustainable Food Production System that Provides Research Projects for Undergraduate Engineering Students.
Masser, M. P., Rakocy, J., & Losordo, T. M. (1999). Recirculating aquaculture tank production systems. Management of recirculating systems. SRAC Publication, 452.
Milverton, S. (2010). Aquaponics: an inquiry into a multi-sensory, differentiated learning project in Australasian and Asian Schools using Aquaponics as a key focus. Proceedings of Global Learn Asia Pacific. Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education, Penang, Malaysia, 3719-3723.
NASA. (n.d.). Causes of Climate Change. Retrieved May 30, 2017, from http://climate.nasa.gov/causes/
Nelson, R. L. (10). Great examples of Aquaponics in education. Aquaponics Journal, 3, 18-21.
Nichols, M. (2013). Aquaponics: Myth or magic. Practical Hydroponics and Greenhouses, (137), 14.
Nichols, M. A., & Savidov, N. A. (2011, March). Aquaponics: Protein and vegetables for developing countries. In I International Symposium on Sustainable Vegetable Production in Southeast Asia 958 (pp. 189-193).
Oakshott, L. (2014). Quantitative methods. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Pade, J. S., & Nelson, R. L. (2005, September). Village Aquaponics. In International Conference and Exhibition on Soilless Culture: ICESC 2005 742 (pp. 197-199).
Rakocy, J. E. (2012). Aquaponics—integrating fish and plant culture. Aquaculture production systems, 344-386.
Rakocy, J. E., Masser, M. P., & Losordo, T. M. (2006). Recirculating aquaculture tank production systems: Aquaponics—integrating fish and plant culture. SRAC publication, 454, 1-16.
Research Institute of Organic Agriculture. (2016). Activity report. Retrieved June 30, 2017, from http://www.fibl.org/en/about-us/activity-report.html
Roy, M., Salam, M. A., Hossain, M. B., & Shamsuddin, M. (2013). Feasibility study of Aquaponics in polyculture pond. World Applied Sciences Journal, 23(5), 588-592.
Salam, M. A., Prodhan, M. Y., Sayem, S. M., & Islam, M. A. (2014). COMPARATIVE GROWTH PERFORMANCES OF TARO PLANT IN AQUAPONICS VS OTHER SYSTEMS. International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 7(3), 941.
Tokunaga, K., Tamaru, C., Ako, H., & Leung, P. (2015). Economics of Small‐scale Commercial Aquaponics in Hawai ‘i. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 46(1), 20-32.
Tourism Bureau, Republic of China (Taiwan). (n.d.). Retrieved May 30, 2017, from http://eng.taiwan.net.tw/
Tyson, R. V., Simonne, E. H., White, J. M., & Lamb, E. M. (2004). Reconciling water quality parameters impacting nitrification in Aquaponics: the pH levels. In Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc (Vol. 117, pp. 79-83).
Unsustainable fishing. (n.d.). Retrieved May 30, 2017, from http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/problems/problems_fishing
Vermeulen, T., & Kamstra, A. (2012, May). The need for systems design for robust aquaponic systems in the urban environment. In International Symposium on Soilless Cultivation 1004 (pp. 71-77).
Wardlow, G. W., Johnson, D. M., Mueller, C. L., & Hilgenberg, C. E. (2002). Enhancing student interest in the agricultural sciences through Aquaponics. Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education, 31, 55.
What is the meaning of `natural` on the label of food? (2016). FDA - Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved January 20, 2017, from http://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/Transparency/Basics/ucm214868.htm
Wilson, G. (2005). Greenhouse Aquaponics proves superior to inorganic Hydroponics. Aquaponics Journal, 39(4), 14-17.		zh_TW