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題名 工業4.0下企業技術創新活動影響因素之探討
How does Industry 4.0 affect the industrial practices of technological innovation?
作者 李明濬
Lee, Ming Jiunn
貢獻者 吳豐祥
李明濬
Lee, Ming Jiunn
關鍵詞 工業4.0
技術創新
組織方式
知識管理
Industry 4.0
Technology innovation
Organizing
Knowledge management
日期 2017
上傳時間 28-Aug-2017 12:05:17 (UTC+8)
摘要 製造業是台灣經濟發展的重點產業，科技快速的發展加速工業技術的革新，面對全球的競爭，我國製造業需透過持續的創新來維持其在國際上的競爭地位。工業4.0下的技術創新即是製造業在尋求發展與成長的最佳動能。近年來的文獻多半針對工業4.0的概念進行介紹，較少研究工業4.0這個新興的議題，亦較少談論企業如何進行工業4.0的技術創新活動。本研究藉由個案訪談了解我國企業在面對工業技術快速變化之下，推動工業4.0技術創新活動的實際作為，並以「組織方式」與「知識管理」兩大構面為主軸，針對我國三家在不同產業中具優異表現的公司進行研究，得到了以下的結論：
結論一：企業在推動工業4.0下的技術創新活動時，會從公司內部原有業務內容進行延伸，依產業類別的不同而有不同的發展方向。
結論二：企業推動工業4.0技術創新活動的團隊，會具有較高的權力層級及跨功
能整合程度，且團隊領導者特別強調溝通與整合的能力。
結論三：企業在整合工業4.0相關知識時，會同時強調整合的廣度與深度。
最後，本研究提出對於產業實務上以及後續學術研究上的建議。
Manufacturing industry is one of the backbones of Taiwanese economy. As the rapid development of technology accelerates the innovation of industry, Taiwan’s manufacturing should be more aggressive in innovation in order to maintain its competitiveness in the global world. “Industry 4.0” provides the best opportunity for manufacturing companies for growth. In the past few years, the research and studies of Industry 4.0 focused more on providing an overall preliminary introduce and rarely mention how companies can apply it to the innovation activities. This study aims to investigate the actual responses of companies while doing technology innovation activities in "Industry 4.0". A framework with two major constructs: organizing, knowledge management is adopted for this study. And three leading companies in different industry are selected. Three conclusions from this study are as follows:
1. Enterprises that promote Industry 4.0 technology innovation activities will be usually extended from their existing business, and have different direction for business development according to their industry types.
2. Enterprises that promote Industry 4.0 technology innovation activities will require the responsible teams to have higher level of authority and cross functional integration. The ability to communicate and integrate will be also emphasized by the team leaders.
3. The breadth and depth of integration will be emphasized when the enterprises try to integrate the related knowledge of Industry 4.0.
Finally, there are some recommendations for industry and follow-up researcher.
參考文獻 一、 英文部分
1. Andersen, A., Productivity, T. A., & Center, Q. (1996). The Knowledge Management Assessment Tool: External Benchmarking Version. Chicago, IL.
2. Andrew, H. G., Arvind, M. & Albert, H. S. (2001). Knowledge Management: An Organizational Capabilities Perspective. Journal of Management Information System, 18(1), 185-214.
3. Antonio K.W. Lau, Richard C.M. Yam, & Esther P.Y. Tang. (2010). The Impact of Technological Innovation Capabilities on Innovation Performance. Journal of Science and Technology Policy in China, 1(2), 163-186. 
4. Barton, D. L. (1995). Wellsprings of Knowledge. Harvard Business School Press, Boston.
5. Beckman, T. (1997, July). A Methodology for Knowledge Management. IASTED.
6. Blanchet, M., Rinn, T., Von Thaden, G., & De Thieulloy, G. (2014). Industry 4.0: The New Industrial Revolution - How Europe Will Succeed. Hg. v. Roland Berger Strategy Consultants GmbH. München. Abgerufen am 11.05. 2014, unter http://www.rolandberger.com/media/pdf/Roland_Berger_TAB_Industry_4_0_2014 0403. pdf.
7. Champion, D. J. (1975). The Sociology of Organizations, New York, McGraw-Hill Inc.
8. Charles W. L. Hill & Gareth R. Jones. (1998). Strategic Management Theory: An Integrated Approach, 4th ed., Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.
9. Chen, X., & Zhao, S. (2012). Research on the Evaluation Model of Chinese Enterprises` Technological Innovation System. Chinese Management Studies, 6(1), 65-77.
10. Chudnovsky, D., López, A., & Pupato, G. (2006). “Innovation and Productivity in Developing Countries: A Study of Argentine Manufacturing Firms’ Behavior (1992-2001),” Research Policy, 35(2), 266-288.
11. Clark, K. B. & Wheelwright, S. C. (1993). Managing New Product and Process Development. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
12. Cumming, T. G., & Worley, C. G. (1997). Organization Development and Change. Soutih-Western.
13. de Boer, M., Bosch, F. A. J. & Volberda, H. W. (1999). Managing Organizational Knowledge Integration in the Emerging Multimedia Complex, Journal of Management Studies, 36(3), 379-398.
14. Damanpour, F., Szabat, K. A., & Evan, W. M. (1989). “The Relationship between Types of Innovation and Organizational Performance,” Journal of Management Studies, 26(6), 587-601.
15. Davenport, T. H., & Glaser, J. (2002). Just-in-Time Delivery Comes to Knowledge Management. Harvard Business Review, 80(7), 107-11.
16. Davenport, T. H., & Prusak, L. (1998). Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage What They Know. Harvard Business Press.
17. Draft. R. L. (2007). Organization Theory and Design (10th ed.). South-Western.
18. Ettlie, J. E., & Reza, E. M. (1992). Organizational Integration and Process Innovation. Academy of Management Journal, 35(4), 795-827.
19. Guan, J. C., Yam, R. C. M., Mok, C. K., & Ma, N. (2006). “A Study of the Relationship between Competitiveness and Technological Innovation Capability based on DEA models”, European Journal of Operational Research, 170(3), pp.971-986.
20. Hammer, M. & Champy, J. A.: (1993) Reengineering the Corporation: A Manifesto for Business Revolution, Harper Business Books, New York, 1993.
21. Hammer, M., & Stanton, S. A. (1995). The Reengineering Revolution: The Handbook‟.
22. Helleloid, D. & Simonin, B. (1994). Organizational Learning and a Firm’s Core Competence. Competence-Base Competition. NY: John Willey and Sons.
23. Industrie 4.0 Working Group. (2013). Securing the future of German manufacturing industry. Recommendations for implementing the strategic initiative. acatech, Munich, Germany, accessed Aug, 28, 2016.
24. Irma B. F., Avelino G., & Rajiv S. (2004). Knowledge Management: Challenges, Solutions, and Technologies. U.S.: Pearson Prentice Hall.
25. Jones, G. R. (2004), Organizational Theory, Design, and Change, Pearson Education, Inc.
26. Kagermann, H., Wahlster, W., & Helbig, J. (2013). Securing the Future of German Manufacturing Industry. Recommendations for Implementing the Strategic Initiative INDUSTRIE, 4.
27. Lee, J. Y., Swink, M., & Pandejpong, T. (2011). The roles of worker expertise, information sharing quality, and psychological safety in manufacturing process innovation: An intellectual capital perspective. Production and Operations Management, 20(4), 556-570.
28. Macher, J. T. & Mowery, D. C. (2009). “Measuring Dynamic Capabilities: Practices and Performance in Semiconductor Manufacturing,” British Journal of Management, 20(1), 41-62.
29. Melissa A. Schilling. (2013). Strategic Management of Technological Innovation (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
30. Nonaka, I. & Takeuchi, H. (1995). “The Knowledge Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamic of Innovation”, New York: Oxford University Press.
31. OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). (2005). “Oslo Manual, Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Innovation Data”. Third Edition, France: OECD Publishing.
32. Polanyi, Michael (1966). The Tacit Dimension. New York: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
33. Sarvary, M. (1999). “Knowledge Management and Competition in the Transfer of Best Practice within the Firm”, Strategic Management Journal of Knowledge Management, 3, 262-275.
34. Schilling, M. A. (2008). Strategic Management of Technological Innovation, 2nd, New York: McGraw Hill.
35. Schoonhoven, C. B., & Jelinek, M. (1990). Dynamic Tension in Innovative, High Technology Firms: Managing Rapid Technological Change Through Organizational Structure. Managing Complexity in High Technology Organizations, 90-118.
36. Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The Theory of Economic Development: An Inquiry into Profits, Capital, Credit, Interest, and the Business Cycle: Transaction Books.
37. Sen, F.K., & Egelhoff, W.G. (2000). Innovative Capabilities of a Firm and the Use of Technical Alliances. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 47, 174–183.
38. Su, J., & Liu, J. (2012). Exploring Critical Factors in China`s Manufacturing Technology Innovation. Journal of Knowledge Based Innovation in China, 4(2), 104-117. 
39. Tushman, M. L., & O`Reilly III, C. A. (1996). Ambidextrous Organizations: Managing Evolutionary and Revolutionary Change. California Management Review, 38(4), 8-29.
40. Union, E. (2006). Community Framework for State Aid for Research and Development and Innovation. Official Journal of the European Union, 323(1), 1-26.
41. Wiig, K. M. (1993). Knowledge Management Foundations: Thinking about-How People and Organizations Create, Represent, and Use Knowledge. Arlington, Texas: Schema.
42. Yin, R. K. (2003). Case Study Research: Design and Methods, 3rd ed., Thousand Oaks: Sage Publication.
43. Zairi, M. (Ed.). (1999). Best Practice: Process Innovation Management. Routledge.

二、 中文部分
1. 林瑋琦，(2016)。德國工業4.0產業趨勢與衍生商機大揭密。工業國家市調系列。台北市：外貿協會。
2. 邱柏松、王姿力，(2010)。中小企業技術創新關鍵成功因素探討-借鏡日本。稻江學報，第四卷第二期。
3. 李亭林 譯，(2013)，Melissa A. Schilling作，科技創新管理，第四版（Strategic management of technological innovation 4th ed.），華泰。
4. 曾信超，(2006)。企業環境、技術創新能力與技術資源管理能力對創新績效之影響。科技管理學刊，11(3)，1-30。
5. 蔡憲唐、黃世政，(2016)。探討技術創新能力中介組織創新與企業績效之關係：以創新政策為調節效果。科技管理學刊，21(1)，1-28。
6. 蕭詠璋、陳忠仁，(2008)。組織變革與資訊科技對組織績效影響之研究。組織與管理，1(1)，73-94。
7. 黃麗安、張魁峰，(2005)。製造策略、組織結構與組織績效之探討－以駿興工業為例。中州學報，(22)，55-68。
8. 狄鑫，(2011)。流程变革在信息化企业的探索与实践。黃岡職業技術學院學報，13(4)，86-88。
9. 方世杰、方世榮，(2000)。知識管理-觀念架構的建立。台北: 商管科技學刊，1(3)。
10. 譚大純，(2001)。知識管理文獻之回顧與前瞻－以知識作業及知識策略為分類基礎。管理評論，20(4)，93-135。
11. 許明德，(2007)。「知識管理」。科學發展，419期。
12. 洪鳳儀，(2010)。知識密集服務業之知識管理與服務創新之關連性研究。碩士論文，國立政治大學商管專業學院碩士學位學程。
13. 高巍、田也壯、姜振寰，(2004)。企業知識整合研究現狀與分析。研究與發展管理，16(5)，33-39。

三、 網路部分與其他
1. 杜紫宸，十分鐘了解什麼是工業4.0，最後上網日期106年6月30日，檢自：http://www.srido.org.tw/masterblog/102016/05/24
2. 陳玟茹，製造智慧化未來發展趨勢，最後上網日期106年6月30日，檢自：http://www.digitimes.com.tw/iot/article.asp?cat=130&id=0000345769_pkw625eu7yk7kj8raoeu0
3. 科技產業資訊室，從綜觀來看工業物聯網與工業4.0核心架構，最後上網日期106年6月30日，檢自：http://iknow.stpi.narl.org.tw/post/Read.aspx?PostID=10877 2015/3/20
4. I公司2015企業社會責任報告書
5. I公司公開說明書
6. I公司2016年年報
7. A公司2015年年報
8. A公司2016年年報
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
科技管理與智慧財產研究所
104364109
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0104364109
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 吳豐祥zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 李明濬zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lee, Ming Jiunnen_US
dc.creator (作者) 李明濬zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Lee, Ming Jiunnen_US
dc.date (日期) 2017en_US
dc.date.accessioned 28-Aug-2017 12:05:17 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 28-Aug-2017 12:05:17 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 28-Aug-2017 12:05:17 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0104364109en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/112265-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 科技管理與智慧財產研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 104364109zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 製造業是台灣經濟發展的重點產業，科技快速的發展加速工業技術的革新，面對全球的競爭，我國製造業需透過持續的創新來維持其在國際上的競爭地位。工業4.0下的技術創新即是製造業在尋求發展與成長的最佳動能。近年來的文獻多半針對工業4.0的概念進行介紹，較少研究工業4.0這個新興的議題，亦較少談論企業如何進行工業4.0的技術創新活動。本研究藉由個案訪談了解我國企業在面對工業技術快速變化之下，推動工業4.0技術創新活動的實際作為，並以「組織方式」與「知識管理」兩大構面為主軸，針對我國三家在不同產業中具優異表現的公司進行研究，得到了以下的結論：
結論一：企業在推動工業4.0下的技術創新活動時，會從公司內部原有業務內容進行延伸，依產業類別的不同而有不同的發展方向。
結論二：企業推動工業4.0技術創新活動的團隊，會具有較高的權力層級及跨功
能整合程度，且團隊領導者特別強調溝通與整合的能力。
結論三：企業在整合工業4.0相關知識時，會同時強調整合的廣度與深度。
最後，本研究提出對於產業實務上以及後續學術研究上的建議。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Manufacturing industry is one of the backbones of Taiwanese economy. As the rapid development of technology accelerates the innovation of industry, Taiwan’s manufacturing should be more aggressive in innovation in order to maintain its competitiveness in the global world. “Industry 4.0” provides the best opportunity for manufacturing companies for growth. In the past few years, the research and studies of Industry 4.0 focused more on providing an overall preliminary introduce and rarely mention how companies can apply it to the innovation activities. This study aims to investigate the actual responses of companies while doing technology innovation activities in "Industry 4.0". A framework with two major constructs: organizing, knowledge management is adopted for this study. And three leading companies in different industry are selected. Three conclusions from this study are as follows:
1. Enterprises that promote Industry 4.0 technology innovation activities will be usually extended from their existing business, and have different direction for business development according to their industry types.
2. Enterprises that promote Industry 4.0 technology innovation activities will require the responsible teams to have higher level of authority and cross functional integration. The ability to communicate and integrate will be also emphasized by the team leaders.
3. The breadth and depth of integration will be emphasized when the enterprises try to integrate the related knowledge of Industry 4.0.
Finally, there are some recommendations for industry and follow-up researcher.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 .................1
第一節 研究背景與動機 ..........1
第二節 研究目的與問題 ..........2
第三節 研究流程與論文架構 .......4
第二章 文獻探討 ..................5
第一節 工業4.0 ................5
第二節 技術創新 ...............12
第三節 組織方式 ...............20
第四節 知識管理 ...............29
第五節 小結 ..................38
第三章 研究方法 .................39
第一節 研究架構 ...............39
第二節 研究變項說明 ............40
第三節 研究設計 ...............42
第四節 資通訊代工業、工業電腦產業與機械設備業 .....46
第四章 個案研究 ............49
第一節 I公司個案 .........49
第二節 A公司個案 ..........64
第三節 F公司個案 ..........78
第四節 個案小結 ...........85
第五章 研究命題與討論 .........93
第一節 組織方式 ............93
第二節 知識管理 .............96
第六章 研究結論與建議 .........101
第一節 研究結論 ............101
第二節 實務上的建議 .........103
第三節 後續研究建議 .........104
第四節 研究限制 ............106
參考文獻 .....................107
附錄 ........................114		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1426394 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0104364109en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 工業4.0zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 技術創新zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 組織方式zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 知識管理zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Industry 4.0en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Technology innovationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Organizingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Knowledge managementen_US
dc.title (題名) 工業4.0下企業技術創新活動影響因素之探討zh_TW
dc.title (題名) How does Industry 4.0 affect the industrial practices of technological innovation?en_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、 英文部分
1. Andersen, A., Productivity, T. A., & Center, Q. (1996). The Knowledge Management Assessment Tool: External Benchmarking Version. Chicago, IL.
2. Andrew, H. G., Arvind, M. & Albert, H. S. (2001). Knowledge Management: An Organizational Capabilities Perspective. Journal of Management Information System, 18(1), 185-214.
3. Antonio K.W. Lau, Richard C.M. Yam, & Esther P.Y. Tang. (2010). The Impact of Technological Innovation Capabilities on Innovation Performance. Journal of Science and Technology Policy in China, 1(2), 163-186. 
4. Barton, D. L. (1995). Wellsprings of Knowledge. Harvard Business School Press, Boston.
5. Beckman, T. (1997, July). A Methodology for Knowledge Management. IASTED.
6. Blanchet, M., Rinn, T., Von Thaden, G., & De Thieulloy, G. (2014). Industry 4.0: The New Industrial Revolution - How Europe Will Succeed. Hg. v. Roland Berger Strategy Consultants GmbH. München. Abgerufen am 11.05. 2014, unter http://www.rolandberger.com/media/pdf/Roland_Berger_TAB_Industry_4_0_2014 0403. pdf.
7. Champion, D. J. (1975). The Sociology of Organizations, New York, McGraw-Hill Inc.
8. Charles W. L. Hill & Gareth R. Jones. (1998). Strategic Management Theory: An Integrated Approach, 4th ed., Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.
9. Chen, X., & Zhao, S. (2012). Research on the Evaluation Model of Chinese Enterprises` Technological Innovation System. Chinese Management Studies, 6(1), 65-77.
10. Chudnovsky, D., López, A., & Pupato, G. (2006). “Innovation and Productivity in Developing Countries: A Study of Argentine Manufacturing Firms’ Behavior (1992-2001),” Research Policy, 35(2), 266-288.
11. Clark, K. B. & Wheelwright, S. C. (1993). Managing New Product and Process Development. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
12. Cumming, T. G., & Worley, C. G. (1997). Organization Development and Change. Soutih-Western.
13. de Boer, M., Bosch, F. A. J. & Volberda, H. W. (1999). Managing Organizational Knowledge Integration in the Emerging Multimedia Complex, Journal of Management Studies, 36(3), 379-398.
14. Damanpour, F., Szabat, K. A., & Evan, W. M. (1989). “The Relationship between Types of Innovation and Organizational Performance,” Journal of Management Studies, 26(6), 587-601.
15. Davenport, T. H., & Glaser, J. (2002). Just-in-Time Delivery Comes to Knowledge Management. Harvard Business Review, 80(7), 107-11.
16. Davenport, T. H., & Prusak, L. (1998). Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage What They Know. Harvard Business Press.
17. Draft. R. L. (2007). Organization Theory and Design (10th ed.). South-Western.
18. Ettlie, J. E., & Reza, E. M. (1992). Organizational Integration and Process Innovation. Academy of Management Journal, 35(4), 795-827.
19. Guan, J. C., Yam, R. C. M., Mok, C. K., & Ma, N. (2006). “A Study of the Relationship between Competitiveness and Technological Innovation Capability based on DEA models”, European Journal of Operational Research, 170(3), pp.971-986.
20. Hammer, M. & Champy, J. A.: (1993) Reengineering the Corporation: A Manifesto for Business Revolution, Harper Business Books, New York, 1993.
21. Hammer, M., & Stanton, S. A. (1995). The Reengineering Revolution: The Handbook‟.
22. Helleloid, D. & Simonin, B. (1994). Organizational Learning and a Firm’s Core Competence. Competence-Base Competition. NY: John Willey and Sons.
23. Industrie 4.0 Working Group. (2013). Securing the future of German manufacturing industry. Recommendations for implementing the strategic initiative. acatech, Munich, Germany, accessed Aug, 28, 2016.
24. Irma B. F., Avelino G., & Rajiv S. (2004). Knowledge Management: Challenges, Solutions, and Technologies. U.S.: Pearson Prentice Hall.
25. Jones, G. R. (2004), Organizational Theory, Design, and Change, Pearson Education, Inc.
26. Kagermann, H., Wahlster, W., & Helbig, J. (2013). Securing the Future of German Manufacturing Industry. Recommendations for Implementing the Strategic Initiative INDUSTRIE, 4.
27. Lee, J. Y., Swink, M., & Pandejpong, T. (2011). The roles of worker expertise, information sharing quality, and psychological safety in manufacturing process innovation: An intellectual capital perspective. Production and Operations Management, 20(4), 556-570.
28. Macher, J. T. & Mowery, D. C. (2009). “Measuring Dynamic Capabilities: Practices and Performance in Semiconductor Manufacturing,” British Journal of Management, 20(1), 41-62.
29. Melissa A. Schilling. (2013). Strategic Management of Technological Innovation (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
30. Nonaka, I. & Takeuchi, H. (1995). “The Knowledge Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamic of Innovation”, New York: Oxford University Press.
31. OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). (2005). “Oslo Manual, Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Innovation Data”. Third Edition, France: OECD Publishing.
32. Polanyi, Michael (1966). The Tacit Dimension. New York: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
33. Sarvary, M. (1999). “Knowledge Management and Competition in the Transfer of Best Practice within the Firm”, Strategic Management Journal of Knowledge Management, 3, 262-275.
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43. Zairi, M. (Ed.). (1999). Best Practice: Process Innovation Management. Routledge.

二、 中文部分
1. 林瑋琦，(2016)。德國工業4.0產業趨勢與衍生商機大揭密。工業國家市調系列。台北市：外貿協會。
2. 邱柏松、王姿力，(2010)。中小企業技術創新關鍵成功因素探討-借鏡日本。稻江學報，第四卷第二期。
3. 李亭林 譯，(2013)，Melissa A. Schilling作，科技創新管理，第四版（Strategic management of technological innovation 4th ed.），華泰。
4. 曾信超，(2006)。企業環境、技術創新能力與技術資源管理能力對創新績效之影響。科技管理學刊，11(3)，1-30。
5. 蔡憲唐、黃世政，(2016)。探討技術創新能力中介組織創新與企業績效之關係：以創新政策為調節效果。科技管理學刊，21(1)，1-28。
6. 蕭詠璋、陳忠仁，(2008)。組織變革與資訊科技對組織績效影響之研究。組織與管理，1(1)，73-94。
7. 黃麗安、張魁峰，(2005)。製造策略、組織結構與組織績效之探討－以駿興工業為例。中州學報，(22)，55-68。
8. 狄鑫，(2011)。流程变革在信息化企业的探索与实践。黃岡職業技術學院學報，13(4)，86-88。
9. 方世杰、方世榮，(2000)。知識管理-觀念架構的建立。台北: 商管科技學刊，1(3)。
10. 譚大純，(2001)。知識管理文獻之回顧與前瞻－以知識作業及知識策略為分類基礎。管理評論，20(4)，93-135。
11. 許明德，(2007)。「知識管理」。科學發展，419期。
12. 洪鳳儀，(2010)。知識密集服務業之知識管理與服務創新之關連性研究。碩士論文，國立政治大學商管專業學院碩士學位學程。
13. 高巍、田也壯、姜振寰，(2004)。企業知識整合研究現狀與分析。研究與發展管理，16(5)，33-39。

三、 網路部分與其他
1. 杜紫宸，十分鐘了解什麼是工業4.0，最後上網日期106年6月30日，檢自：http://www.srido.org.tw/masterblog/102016/05/24
2. 陳玟茹，製造智慧化未來發展趨勢，最後上網日期106年6月30日，檢自：http://www.digitimes.com.tw/iot/article.asp?cat=130&id=0000345769_pkw625eu7yk7kj8raoeu0
3. 科技產業資訊室，從綜觀來看工業物聯網與工業4.0核心架構，最後上網日期106年6月30日，檢自：http://iknow.stpi.narl.org.tw/post/Read.aspx?PostID=10877 2015/3/20
4. I公司2015企業社會責任報告書
5. I公司公開說明書
6. I公司2016年年報
7. A公司2015年年報
8. A公司2016年年報		zh_TW