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題名 影響公務人員推動政府資料開放之因素探討
Factors Affecting Civil Servants’ Willingness to Promote Open Government Data
作者 李宜臻
Li, Yi-Jhen
貢獻者 朱斌妤
李宜臻
Li, Yi-Jhen
關鍵詞 政府資料開放
結構方程模式
次級資料
Open government data
Structural equation modeling
Secondary data
日期 2017
上傳時間 13-Sep-2017 15:11:28 (UTC+8)
摘要 過去取得政府資料的方式較為有限，但隨著網際網路興起，政府資料開放(open government data)概念於焉誕生。個人或團體，能透過網路直接取用所需的政府資料，並進行資料再利用。本研究以我國財政部公務人員為研究對象，旨在探討影響公務人員參與推動政府資料開放時的因素。研究方法分為量化資料分析與訪談，量化部分使用次級資料分析，樣本數220份，並以結構方程模式(Structural Equation Modeling, SEM)驗證模型，模型構面包含：提升行政效能、高層支持、個人技術、組織特質、資料開放態度、資料開放行為意願。訪談對象從財政資訊中心選取，中心為財政部推動政府資料開放的主要機關，採用立意抽樣方式取得兩名受訪者。

量化分析結論認為，提升行政效能和組織特質，對於人員資料開放態度有正向影響；另外，人員對資料開放所持的態度越正面，越能增加參與資料開放意願。從訪談結果可以整理出原先不在量化模型的影響因素，包括法令限制、風險、第三方中介角色、資訊單位話語權、激勵措施。建議方面，嘗試加強宣導政府資料開放的正面印象與認知，以及持續塑造具創新與開放特質的組織文化。關於後續研究方向，本研究個案之財政部機關，設有獨特的資料開放三級推動體制，建議後續研究可深入探索三級體制的發展狀況。
Access to government data has been limited over the past decades. However, as the Internet grows up, the idea of open government data emerges. Individual or organizations now can obtain government data from the Internet, and re-use these data. The focus of this study was on the civil sevants of Ministry of Finance in Taiwan, and aimed to explore the factors affecting government employees’ willingness to promote open government data. The research method employed in this study included survey-based secondary data analysis and interview. This study first developed a model consisting of enhancement of efficiency, top-level support, personal skills, organization characters, attitude towards open data, and intention to engage in open data. Structural equation modeling analysis was performed, with a sample of size 220 selected from the secondary data. On the other hand, the interview respondents were collected by purposive sampling from Fiscal Information Agency, Ministry of Finance, which was a leading sector in promoting open government data of the Ministry of Finance.

The result of quantitative analysis indicated that enhancement of efficiency and organization characters had a positive impact on attitude towards open data. Furthermore, active attitude towards open data increased the intention to engage in open data. And the interview showed some factors that were not included in the quatitative model, such as legal restrictions, risk, role of third parties, discourse power of the IT sector, and incentive measures. Based on the empirical analyses, this study suggests that create better understanding of open data, as well as innovative and open-minded organizational culture, would make civil servants engage in open government data initiatives. For the future research, Ministry of Finance has set up a three-level system to implement open government data policies. Exploring this system might be a promising research material.
參考文獻 中文部分
朱斌妤（2015）。政府資訊公開與加值運用之規劃與績效評估（第2年）。科技部補助專題研究計畫成果報告（編號：NSC 102-2410-H-004-123-MY2），未出版。
朱斌妤、曾憲立（2016）。資料開放品質。國土及公共治理季刊，4（4），54-66。
江思穎（2014）。政府資料開放評估指標建立。國立政治大學公共行政學系碩士論文，未出版，台北。
吳冠翰（2016）。影響政府資料開放推動因素之探討。國立政治大學公共行政學系碩士論文，未出版，台北。
財政部財政資訊中心（2014）。建構財政雲端服務網計畫，取自：http://www.mof.gov.tw/public/Attachment/482916423276.pdf。
財政部財政資訊中心（2016）。財政部政府資料開放行動策略，取自：https://www.mof.gov.tw/File/Attach/68903/File_6785.pdf。
國家發展委員會（2016）。ide@ Taiwan 2020（創意臺灣）政策白皮書，2016年5月10日，取自：http://www.ndc.gov.tw/Content_List.aspx?n=CE8524192720696F&upn=CA0F80CC3CA69700。
黃心怡、蘇彩足、蕭乃沂（2016）。再探開放政府資料的政策與發展。國土及公共治理季刊，4（4），18-28。
霍達（2015）。創新擴散理論之應用—以財政部財政資訊共享服務平台為例。國立政治大學公共行政學系碩士論文，未出版，台北。
羅晉（2015）。政府開放資料之系統性與制度性觀點的分析。臺灣民主季刊，12（4），1-37。
蘇俊榮（2015）。資料開放與公共治理：財政資料開放推動作法。檔案季刊，14（4），4-21。

英文部分
Attard, J., F. Orlandi, S. Scerri, & S. Auer (2015). A systematic review of open government data initiatives. Government Information Quarterly, 32, 399-418.
Barry, E., & F. Bannister (2014). Barriers to open data release: A view from the top. Information Polity, 19, 129-152.
Davis, F. D. (1986). A technology acceptance model for empirically testing new end-user information systems: Theory and results. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, MIT Sloan School of Management, Cambridge.
Davis, F. D., R. P. Bagozzi, & P. R. Warshaw (1989). User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theoretical models. Management Science, 35(8), 982-1003.
G8 (2013). Open Data Charter. Retrieved December 24, 2014, from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/open-data-charter.
Gonzalez-Zapata, F., & R. Heeks (2015). The multiple meanings of government data: Understanding different stakeholders and their perspectives. Government Information Quarterly, 32, 441-452.
Hossain, M. A., & C. Chan (2015). Open data adoption in Australian government agencies: An exploratory study. The 26th Australian Conference of Information Systems, Adelaide.
Hu, P. J.-H., H. Chen, H.-F. Hu, C. Larson, & C. Butierez (2011). Law enforcement officers’ acceptance of advanced e-government technology: A survey study of COPLINK Mobile. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 10, 6-16.
Huijboom, N., & T. Van de Borek (2011). Open data: an international comparison of strategies. European Journal of ePractice, 12, 1-13.
Martin, S., M. Foulonneau, S. Turki, & M. Ihadjadene (2013). Risk analysis to overcome barriers to open data. Electronic Journal of e-Government, 11(1), 348-359.
OMB. (2009). Open government directive. Retrieved March 30, 2017, from https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/open/documents/open-government-directive.
Ubaldi, B. (2013). Open government data: Towards empirical analysis of open government data initiatives. OECD Working Papers on Public Governance, 22, 1-61.
UK Cabinet Office. (2012). Open data: Unleashing the potential. Retrieved March 30, 2017, from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/open-data-white-paper-unleashing-the-potential.
UN (2014). United Nations e-government survey 2014. Retrieved March 11, 2017, from https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Reports/UN-E-Government-Survey-2014.
UN (2016). United Nations e-government survey 2016. Retrieved April 15, 2017, from https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Reports/UN-E-Government-Survey-2016.
US Government. (2014). U.S. Open data action plan. Retrieved March 30, 2017, from https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/us_open_data_action_plan.pdf.
Venkatesh, V., M. G. Morris, G. B. Davis, & F. D. Davis (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425-478.
Web Foundation. (2017). Open Data Barometer Global Report—4th Edition. Retrieved July 5, 2017, from http://opendatabarometer.org/doc/4thEdition/ODB-4thEdition-GlobalReport.pdf.
Wirtz, B. W., R. Piehler, M.-J. Thomas, & P. Daiser (2016). Resistance of public personnel to open government: A cognitive theory view of implementation barriers towards open government data. Public Management Review, 18(9), 1335-1364.
Yang, T.-M., & Y.-J. Wu (2016). Examining the socio-technical determinants influencing government agencies’ open data publication: A study in Taiwan. Government Information Quarterly, 33, 378-392.
Yang, T.-M., J. Lo, & J. Shiang (2015). To open or not to open? Determinants of open government data. Journal of Information Science, 41(5), 596-612.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
公共行政學系
102256009
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102256009
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 朱斌妤zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 李宜臻zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Li, Yi-Jhenen_US
dc.creator (作者) 李宜臻zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Li, Yi-Jhenen_US
dc.date (日期) 2017en_US
dc.date.accessioned 13-Sep-2017 15:11:28 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 13-Sep-2017 15:11:28 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 13-Sep-2017 15:11:28 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0102256009en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/112733-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 公共行政學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 102256009zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 過去取得政府資料的方式較為有限，但隨著網際網路興起，政府資料開放(open government data)概念於焉誕生。個人或團體，能透過網路直接取用所需的政府資料，並進行資料再利用。本研究以我國財政部公務人員為研究對象，旨在探討影響公務人員參與推動政府資料開放時的因素。研究方法分為量化資料分析與訪談，量化部分使用次級資料分析，樣本數220份，並以結構方程模式(Structural Equation Modeling, SEM)驗證模型，模型構面包含：提升行政效能、高層支持、個人技術、組織特質、資料開放態度、資料開放行為意願。訪談對象從財政資訊中心選取，中心為財政部推動政府資料開放的主要機關，採用立意抽樣方式取得兩名受訪者。

量化分析結論認為，提升行政效能和組織特質，對於人員資料開放態度有正向影響；另外，人員對資料開放所持的態度越正面，越能增加參與資料開放意願。從訪談結果可以整理出原先不在量化模型的影響因素，包括法令限制、風險、第三方中介角色、資訊單位話語權、激勵措施。建議方面，嘗試加強宣導政府資料開放的正面印象與認知，以及持續塑造具創新與開放特質的組織文化。關於後續研究方向，本研究個案之財政部機關，設有獨特的資料開放三級推動體制，建議後續研究可深入探索三級體制的發展狀況。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Access to government data has been limited over the past decades. However, as the Internet grows up, the idea of open government data emerges. Individual or organizations now can obtain government data from the Internet, and re-use these data. The focus of this study was on the civil sevants of Ministry of Finance in Taiwan, and aimed to explore the factors affecting government employees’ willingness to promote open government data. The research method employed in this study included survey-based secondary data analysis and interview. This study first developed a model consisting of enhancement of efficiency, top-level support, personal skills, organization characters, attitude towards open data, and intention to engage in open data. Structural equation modeling analysis was performed, with a sample of size 220 selected from the secondary data. On the other hand, the interview respondents were collected by purposive sampling from Fiscal Information Agency, Ministry of Finance, which was a leading sector in promoting open government data of the Ministry of Finance.

The result of quantitative analysis indicated that enhancement of efficiency and organization characters had a positive impact on attitude towards open data. Furthermore, active attitude towards open data increased the intention to engage in open data. And the interview showed some factors that were not included in the quatitative model, such as legal restrictions, risk, role of third parties, discourse power of the IT sector, and incentive measures. Based on the empirical analyses, this study suggests that create better understanding of open data, as well as innovative and open-minded organizational culture, would make civil servants engage in open government data initiatives. For the future research, Ministry of Finance has set up a three-level system to implement open government data policies. Exploring this system might be a promising research material.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
1.1 政府資料開放的趨勢 1
1.2 政府資料開放面臨的挑戰 2
1.3 研究目的 4
第二章 文獻回顧 7
2.1 政府資料開放定義與我國資料開放發展 7
2.2 世界各政府資料開放發展概況 12
2.3 國際組織資料開放調查 15
2.4 政府內部推動資料開放因素之研究 18
第三章 研究設計 29
3.1 研究架構 29
3.2 次級資料介紹 34
3.3 訪談研究設計 37
3.4 個案說明 38
第四章 資料分析 45
4.1 樣本特性 45
4.2 衡量變項敘述統計 47
4.3 差異性分析 53
4.4 研究模型分析 71
4.5 研究假設之驗證 75
4.6 財政資訊中心訪談結果 78
第五章 研究結論與建議 89
5.1 研究結論 90
5.2 政策建議 94
5.3 研究限制與後續研究方向 94
參考文獻 97
附錄一：次級資料原始問卷 101
附錄二：訪談逐字稿 109		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1581083 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102256009en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 政府資料開放zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 結構方程模式zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 次級資料zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Open government dataen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Structural equation modelingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Secondary dataen_US
dc.title (題名) 影響公務人員推動政府資料開放之因素探討zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Factors Affecting Civil Servants’ Willingness to Promote Open Government Dataen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文部分
朱斌妤（2015）。政府資訊公開與加值運用之規劃與績效評估（第2年）。科技部補助專題研究計畫成果報告（編號：NSC 102-2410-H-004-123-MY2），未出版。
朱斌妤、曾憲立（2016）。資料開放品質。國土及公共治理季刊，4（4），54-66。
江思穎（2014）。政府資料開放評估指標建立。國立政治大學公共行政學系碩士論文，未出版，台北。
吳冠翰（2016）。影響政府資料開放推動因素之探討。國立政治大學公共行政學系碩士論文，未出版，台北。
財政部財政資訊中心（2014）。建構財政雲端服務網計畫，取自：http://www.mof.gov.tw/public/Attachment/482916423276.pdf。
財政部財政資訊中心（2016）。財政部政府資料開放行動策略，取自：https://www.mof.gov.tw/File/Attach/68903/File_6785.pdf。
國家發展委員會（2016）。ide@ Taiwan 2020（創意臺灣）政策白皮書，2016年5月10日，取自：http://www.ndc.gov.tw/Content_List.aspx?n=CE8524192720696F&upn=CA0F80CC3CA69700。
黃心怡、蘇彩足、蕭乃沂（2016）。再探開放政府資料的政策與發展。國土及公共治理季刊，4（4），18-28。
霍達（2015）。創新擴散理論之應用—以財政部財政資訊共享服務平台為例。國立政治大學公共行政學系碩士論文，未出版，台北。
羅晉（2015）。政府開放資料之系統性與制度性觀點的分析。臺灣民主季刊，12（4），1-37。
蘇俊榮（2015）。資料開放與公共治理：財政資料開放推動作法。檔案季刊，14（4），4-21。

英文部分
Attard, J., F. Orlandi, S. Scerri, & S. Auer (2015). A systematic review of open government data initiatives. Government Information Quarterly, 32, 399-418.
Barry, E., & F. Bannister (2014). Barriers to open data release: A view from the top. Information Polity, 19, 129-152.
Davis, F. D. (1986). A technology acceptance model for empirically testing new end-user information systems: Theory and results. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, MIT Sloan School of Management, Cambridge.
Davis, F. D., R. P. Bagozzi, & P. R. Warshaw (1989). User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theoretical models. Management Science, 35(8), 982-1003.
G8 (2013). Open Data Charter. Retrieved December 24, 2014, from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/open-data-charter.
Gonzalez-Zapata, F., & R. Heeks (2015). The multiple meanings of government data: Understanding different stakeholders and their perspectives. Government Information Quarterly, 32, 441-452.
Hossain, M. A., & C. Chan (2015). Open data adoption in Australian government agencies: An exploratory study. The 26th Australian Conference of Information Systems, Adelaide.
Hu, P. J.-H., H. Chen, H.-F. Hu, C. Larson, & C. Butierez (2011). Law enforcement officers’ acceptance of advanced e-government technology: A survey study of COPLINK Mobile. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 10, 6-16.
Huijboom, N., & T. Van de Borek (2011). Open data: an international comparison of strategies. European Journal of ePractice, 12, 1-13.
Martin, S., M. Foulonneau, S. Turki, & M. Ihadjadene (2013). Risk analysis to overcome barriers to open data. Electronic Journal of e-Government, 11(1), 348-359.
OMB. (2009). Open government directive. Retrieved March 30, 2017, from https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/open/documents/open-government-directive.
Ubaldi, B. (2013). Open government data: Towards empirical analysis of open government data initiatives. OECD Working Papers on Public Governance, 22, 1-61.
UK Cabinet Office. (2012). Open data: Unleashing the potential. Retrieved March 30, 2017, from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/open-data-white-paper-unleashing-the-potential.
UN (2014). United Nations e-government survey 2014. Retrieved March 11, 2017, from https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Reports/UN-E-Government-Survey-2014.
UN (2016). United Nations e-government survey 2016. Retrieved April 15, 2017, from https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Reports/UN-E-Government-Survey-2016.
US Government. (2014). U.S. Open data action plan. Retrieved March 30, 2017, from https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/us_open_data_action_plan.pdf.
Venkatesh, V., M. G. Morris, G. B. Davis, & F. D. Davis (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425-478.
Web Foundation. (2017). Open Data Barometer Global Report—4th Edition. Retrieved July 5, 2017, from http://opendatabarometer.org/doc/4thEdition/ODB-4thEdition-GlobalReport.pdf.
Wirtz, B. W., R. Piehler, M.-J. Thomas, & P. Daiser (2016). Resistance of public personnel to open government: A cognitive theory view of implementation barriers towards open government data. Public Management Review, 18(9), 1335-1364.
Yang, T.-M., & Y.-J. Wu (2016). Examining the socio-technical determinants influencing government agencies’ open data publication: A study in Taiwan. Government Information Quarterly, 33, 378-392.
Yang, T.-M., J. Lo, & J. Shiang (2015). To open or not to open? Determinants of open government data. Journal of Information Science, 41(5), 596-612.		zh_TW