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題名 伊朗對美外交和解政策~魯哈尼總統第一任期JCPOA核協議為例
JCPOA and Iran Deal
作者 黃泓聞
貢獻者 鄧中堅
Teng, C.C.
黃泓聞
關鍵詞 伊朗核協議
伊朗總統 魯哈尼
JCPOA
Rouhani
日期 2017
上傳時間 13-Sep-2017 15:40:16 (UTC+8)
摘要 伊朗與美國,曾經是最緊密的盟邦關係,1979年回教伊斯蘭立憲之後,經歷444天的美國駐德黑蘭大使館人質事件,兩國斷交迄今,已經38個年頭。歐巴馬8年主政後期,熱衷外交破冰,矢志留下任期內多項珍貴的外交遺產。
隨著近年來,緬甸民主化,古巴與美國重新建交,地表上,至今僅存三個國家:伊朗、北韓、不丹,這三地沒有建立美國外交關係。不丹的小國外交跟隨印度政策,毋需多慮;北韓核武及飛彈測試層出不窮,六方會談從上個世紀末延續至今,牽動朝鮮半島局勢甚廣,看來也不是一朝一夕可解;伊朗問題倘若成功達陣,將是歐巴馬總統任內最卓越的外交建樹。
歐巴馬第二任期,任命參議院外交委員會主席出身的凱瑞John KERRY擔任國務卿,致力於中東事務,面對核心的伊朗議題,凱瑞國務卿多次親臨維也納參與JCPOA會談,甚至在2015年7月正式協議敲定前夕,他騎自行車運動不慎摔車,導致腳傷骨折,緊急專機後送回美國就醫,由於正逢協議是否簽訂的敏感時刻,導致外界一度認為JCPOA可能面臨胎死腹中。最後,P5+1與伊朗終於在2015年7月14日簽訂JCPOA核協議。有意無意地,恰巧與標榜自由、平等、博愛的法蘭西國慶日同一天!
經過為期冗長的查核,IAEA國際原子能總署的認證無虞,距離JCPOA簽約屆滿六個月之後,在2016年1月16日,JCPOA核協議正式生效,對伊朗經濟制裁正式解禁。
然則,隨著美國2016年總統大選活動開始,伊朗核議題始終是兩黨候選人主攻的熱門項目,川普批判伊朗,認定伊朗核協議是美國歷史上最糟糕的協議 。多次揚言一旦就任總統,撕毀JCPOA毫不猶豫,川普的電視競選廣告,明白昭示:伊朗就是威脅美國安全的頭號敵人,排名超越北韓。
川普勝選,MAGA, Make America Great Again進入現在進行式,就任隔週,即以反恐之名,暫停三個月對於7個穆斯林國家的簽證核發,同時廢除已核發有效簽證入境,引起軒然大波,其中,影響人數最多的,就是伊朗護照入境美國。
隨著伊朗2017五月的總統大選,如同伊朗國內選民對於JCPOA進行一場變相公投,對於魯哈尼總統對美的外交和解政策,更是一項實質考驗。成敗與否,JCPOA都是關鍵因素,主導伊朗政治經濟的未來。
2017伊朗總統大選的同一天,川普從華府開啟任內第一趟外交之旅,直飛沙烏地阿拉伯首都利雅德,不僅簽下總金額超過美金1100億的軍備合約,還有沙烏地參與美國國內基礎建設2000億美金的投資,在利雅德召開的阿拉伯 穆斯林 美國 高峰會Arab Islamic American Summit,川普登高一呼,儼然成為 孤立伊朗陣營的誓師大會。會議落幕兩週,GCC成員國 卡達0605外交斷交潮湧現,沙烏地王室直指卡達王室暗助ISIS,外界卻解讀:卡達、伊朗雙邊關係緊密,導致GCC成員國自清門戶。隨即,0607伊朗首都德黑蘭發生恐怖攻擊,目標鎖定伊朗國會大樓與何梅尼聖陵。
伊朗與美國外交關係分離38年,時而劍拔弩張,時而和解曙光,未來的十載,不論雙方變化分歧如何,JCPOA核協議勢必扮演關鍵變數。這也是我長期觀察伊朗議題,作為我研究主題的原委,隨著美國國會這段期間持續加大對伊朗核協議監督力道,加上川普本身對以色列勢力的極友好態度,川普任期內的美國伊朗雙方關係,恐怕很難再恢復前任歐巴馬任期最後的大和解氛圍。
最後,我也要特別感謝我的指導教授 鄧中堅博士,過去一年來,孜孜不倦提供外交事務觀點,提攜後輩。還有兩位優秀的論文口試委員: 盧業中博士與 胡瑞舟博士,也提供精闢的學術觀點,在此同時感謝。
Iran and the United States, once the most reliable allies relations. However, the Islamic Islamic Constitution occurred in 1979, experienced 444 days of the US embassy in Tehran hostage, the two countries have been disconnected so far.For the past 38 years. During the President Barack Obama’s eight years, MORE Friends are better than Foes, he determined to leave a number of precious foreign diplomatic LEGACY.
With the recent democratization of Myanmar, Cuba in the half century to rebuild diplomatic relations with US. So far only three countries left : Iran, North Korea and Bhutan,where there are no US diplomatic relations. Bhutan’s diplomacy follows the India policy, no need to worry about; North Korea nuclear weapons and missile testing seems endless, six-party talks back to 1990s, still with affecting to the Korean Peninsula, the situation is very wide, it’s hard to find the instant solution; Seeming if the problem of Iran, The array will be the most outstanding diplomatic mission to President Barack Obama.
Obama`s second term, the appointment of the Senate Foreign Affairs Committee Chairman John KERRY, as Secretary of State, especially in charge of the Middle East affairs. He focused of the core of the Iranian issue, many times in Vienna to participate in the JCPOA talks. Even on the eve of the formal agreement, his foot was injured because of bicycle crash. When Secretary KERRY was sent back to the United States for medical treatment, whether the contract signed or not, such a sensitive moment, many analysists thought that JCPOA may face to the END. Fortunely, P5 + 1 and Iran finally signed JCPOA on July 14th, just the same National Day with FRANCE, which stands for Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité.
After a long term verification and certification by IAEA ,International Atomic Energy Agency`s. On the January 16, 2016, JCPOA agreement came into effect, the Iranian economic sanctions officially lifted. However, with the beginning of the US presidential election in 2016, the Iranian nuclear issue has always been a popular project of the two party candidates, TRUMP criticized Iran, that the Iranian nuclear agreement is one of the worst of the US agreement history. He threatened to tear up JCPOA many times. TRUMP’s television campaign advertising, clearly that: Iran is the number one threat to US security enemy, ranking above North Korea.
Since TRUMP won the election,MAGA, Make America Great Again, moving into the current processing, just 5 days after the Inauguration, he suspended for three months for seven Muslim countries issued a visa, and abolished has issued a valid visa entry. Meanwhile, the largest number is the Iranian passport entry to the United States….because of Anti-Terrorism.
With the Iranian 2017 Presidential election in May, similar to Iran`s domestic voters for JCPOA, still a GOOD DEAL or NOT? For President Rouhani`s diplomatic reconciliation policy to the United States, is also a true REVIEW by all Iranian Citizens. Success or Failure, JCPOA is the key factor, leading the future of Iran`s Politic and Economy.
On Friday , May 19th, 2017, the same day for Iran`s Presidential Election day, TRUMP opened the first official foreign trip as the 45th US President, flying directly to Saudi Arabia`s capital Riyadh. More than winning the 110 billion US dollars of military contracts, Saudi agreed to participate US domestic infrastructure investment of 200 billion US dollars. During the Arab Islamic American Summit, TRUMP’s speech reflected to be the isolation of the IRAN. Just 2 weeks later, Qatar faced the diplomatic dispute between 9 countries, because of the Saudi decision. Not only Qatar royal family sponsored the ISIS, but also Qatar try to strengthen Iran bilateral relations. Meanwhile, Tehran city was under the terrorist attacks, targeting the Iranian parliament building and the Khomeini Holy Mausoleum.
Iran and the United States diplomatic relations separated 38 years, Mostly tense, sometimes relax. In the next decade, regardless of differences between the two sides how, JCPOA is bound to play a key factor. This is also my long-term observation of the IRAN issue.
I specially thank to my instructor Dr. C.C. TENG. For the past 12 months, he provided Professional Diplomatic viewpoints to me. And furthermore, two excellent Scholars: Dr. Y.C. Lu and Dr. R.C. Hu, both point a brilliant academic point of view. Thanks YOU ALL.
參考文獻 參考書目:
中文

鈕先鍾。<<核子武器與世界政治>>。台北: 台灣商務印書館,民國70年。

林碧炤、鄧中堅編。<<金磚國家俄羅斯及歐亞地區研究>>。台北: 五南圖書,民國101年。

洪秀菊 。 <<危機決策、處理、談判 美伊人質危機個案>> 。台北 : 商鼎文化,民國88年。

關中。<<意識型態與美國外交政策>>。台北: 台灣商務印書館,民國94年。

丹尼爾 尤金(Daniel Yergin)。<<石油世紀>> (The Prize ),薛絢譯。台北: 時報文化,民國100年。

唐納 川普(Donald Trump)。<<總統川普>>(GREAT AGAIN),朱崇旻譯。台北: 時報文化,民國106年。

詹姆斯 馬里歐特(James Marriott)、米卡 米里歐-帕魯洛(Mika Minoio-Paluello)。<<黑絲路>>(The Oil Road),黃煜文譯。台北: 城邦文化,民國103年。

楊永明。<<國際關係>>。台北 : 前程文化,民國99年。

王央成編。<<戰略與區域安全>>。台北: 國防大學戰略研究所,民國95年。

布里辛斯基(Zbigniew Brzezinski)。<<美國的抉擇>>(The Choice: Global Domination or Global Leadership),郭希誠譯。台北: 左岸文化,民國93年。

蕭曦清。<<中東風雲>>。台北: 牧村圖書,民國92年。

丁佩華。<<俄羅斯石油地位的博弈>>。上海: 上海人民出版社,2009。

范鴻達。<<伊朗與美國 : 從朋友到仇敵>>。北京: 新華出版社,2012。

李春放。<<伊朗危機與冷戰起源 1941~1947年>>。北京: 社會科學文獻出版社,2007。

菲利普 賽比耶¬-洛佩茲(Philippe Sebille-Lopez)。<<石油地緣政治>>(Geopolitiques du petrole) 。北京: 社會科學文獻出版社,2006。

英文

Dershowitz, Alan. The Case against The IRAN DEAL. New York: A Gatestone Institute Publication, 2015

Patrikarkos, David. Nuclear IRAN. New York: L.B. Tauris & Co Ltd, 2012

Landler, Mark. Alter Egos. New York: Random House LLC, 2016

Chollet, Derek. The Long Game. New York: Public Affairs, 2016
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
外交學系戰略與國際事務碩士在職專班
100922008
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1009220081
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 鄧中堅zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Teng, C.C.en_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 黃泓聞zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 黃泓聞zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2017en_US
dc.date.accessioned 13-Sep-2017 15:40:16 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 13-Sep-2017 15:40:16 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 13-Sep-2017 15:40:16 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G1009220081en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/112792-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 外交學系戰略與國際事務碩士在職專班zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 100922008zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 伊朗與美國,曾經是最緊密的盟邦關係,1979年回教伊斯蘭立憲之後,經歷444天的美國駐德黑蘭大使館人質事件,兩國斷交迄今,已經38個年頭。歐巴馬8年主政後期,熱衷外交破冰,矢志留下任期內多項珍貴的外交遺產。
隨著近年來,緬甸民主化,古巴與美國重新建交,地表上,至今僅存三個國家:伊朗、北韓、不丹,這三地沒有建立美國外交關係。不丹的小國外交跟隨印度政策,毋需多慮;北韓核武及飛彈測試層出不窮,六方會談從上個世紀末延續至今,牽動朝鮮半島局勢甚廣,看來也不是一朝一夕可解;伊朗問題倘若成功達陣,將是歐巴馬總統任內最卓越的外交建樹。
歐巴馬第二任期,任命參議院外交委員會主席出身的凱瑞John KERRY擔任國務卿,致力於中東事務,面對核心的伊朗議題,凱瑞國務卿多次親臨維也納參與JCPOA會談,甚至在2015年7月正式協議敲定前夕,他騎自行車運動不慎摔車,導致腳傷骨折,緊急專機後送回美國就醫,由於正逢協議是否簽訂的敏感時刻,導致外界一度認為JCPOA可能面臨胎死腹中。最後,P5+1與伊朗終於在2015年7月14日簽訂JCPOA核協議。有意無意地,恰巧與標榜自由、平等、博愛的法蘭西國慶日同一天!
經過為期冗長的查核,IAEA國際原子能總署的認證無虞,距離JCPOA簽約屆滿六個月之後,在2016年1月16日,JCPOA核協議正式生效,對伊朗經濟制裁正式解禁。
然則,隨著美國2016年總統大選活動開始,伊朗核議題始終是兩黨候選人主攻的熱門項目,川普批判伊朗,認定伊朗核協議是美國歷史上最糟糕的協議 。多次揚言一旦就任總統,撕毀JCPOA毫不猶豫,川普的電視競選廣告,明白昭示:伊朗就是威脅美國安全的頭號敵人,排名超越北韓。
川普勝選,MAGA, Make America Great Again進入現在進行式,就任隔週,即以反恐之名,暫停三個月對於7個穆斯林國家的簽證核發,同時廢除已核發有效簽證入境,引起軒然大波,其中,影響人數最多的,就是伊朗護照入境美國。
隨著伊朗2017五月的總統大選,如同伊朗國內選民對於JCPOA進行一場變相公投,對於魯哈尼總統對美的外交和解政策,更是一項實質考驗。成敗與否,JCPOA都是關鍵因素,主導伊朗政治經濟的未來。
2017伊朗總統大選的同一天,川普從華府開啟任內第一趟外交之旅,直飛沙烏地阿拉伯首都利雅德,不僅簽下總金額超過美金1100億的軍備合約,還有沙烏地參與美國國內基礎建設2000億美金的投資,在利雅德召開的阿拉伯 穆斯林 美國 高峰會Arab Islamic American Summit,川普登高一呼,儼然成為 孤立伊朗陣營的誓師大會。會議落幕兩週,GCC成員國 卡達0605外交斷交潮湧現,沙烏地王室直指卡達王室暗助ISIS,外界卻解讀:卡達、伊朗雙邊關係緊密,導致GCC成員國自清門戶。隨即,0607伊朗首都德黑蘭發生恐怖攻擊,目標鎖定伊朗國會大樓與何梅尼聖陵。
伊朗與美國外交關係分離38年,時而劍拔弩張,時而和解曙光,未來的十載,不論雙方變化分歧如何,JCPOA核協議勢必扮演關鍵變數。這也是我長期觀察伊朗議題,作為我研究主題的原委,隨著美國國會這段期間持續加大對伊朗核協議監督力道,加上川普本身對以色列勢力的極友好態度,川普任期內的美國伊朗雙方關係,恐怕很難再恢復前任歐巴馬任期最後的大和解氛圍。
最後,我也要特別感謝我的指導教授 鄧中堅博士,過去一年來,孜孜不倦提供外交事務觀點,提攜後輩。還有兩位優秀的論文口試委員: 盧業中博士與 胡瑞舟博士,也提供精闢的學術觀點,在此同時感謝。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Iran and the United States, once the most reliable allies relations. However, the Islamic Islamic Constitution occurred in 1979, experienced 444 days of the US embassy in Tehran hostage, the two countries have been disconnected so far.For the past 38 years. During the President Barack Obama’s eight years, MORE Friends are better than Foes, he determined to leave a number of precious foreign diplomatic LEGACY.
With the recent democratization of Myanmar, Cuba in the half century to rebuild diplomatic relations with US. So far only three countries left : Iran, North Korea and Bhutan,where there are no US diplomatic relations. Bhutan’s diplomacy follows the India policy, no need to worry about; North Korea nuclear weapons and missile testing seems endless, six-party talks back to 1990s, still with affecting to the Korean Peninsula, the situation is very wide, it’s hard to find the instant solution; Seeming if the problem of Iran, The array will be the most outstanding diplomatic mission to President Barack Obama.
Obama`s second term, the appointment of the Senate Foreign Affairs Committee Chairman John KERRY, as Secretary of State, especially in charge of the Middle East affairs. He focused of the core of the Iranian issue, many times in Vienna to participate in the JCPOA talks. Even on the eve of the formal agreement, his foot was injured because of bicycle crash. When Secretary KERRY was sent back to the United States for medical treatment, whether the contract signed or not, such a sensitive moment, many analysists thought that JCPOA may face to the END. Fortunely, P5 + 1 and Iran finally signed JCPOA on July 14th, just the same National Day with FRANCE, which stands for Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité.
After a long term verification and certification by IAEA ,International Atomic Energy Agency`s. On the January 16, 2016, JCPOA agreement came into effect, the Iranian economic sanctions officially lifted. However, with the beginning of the US presidential election in 2016, the Iranian nuclear issue has always been a popular project of the two party candidates, TRUMP criticized Iran, that the Iranian nuclear agreement is one of the worst of the US agreement history. He threatened to tear up JCPOA many times. TRUMP’s television campaign advertising, clearly that: Iran is the number one threat to US security enemy, ranking above North Korea.
Since TRUMP won the election,MAGA, Make America Great Again, moving into the current processing, just 5 days after the Inauguration, he suspended for three months for seven Muslim countries issued a visa, and abolished has issued a valid visa entry. Meanwhile, the largest number is the Iranian passport entry to the United States….because of Anti-Terrorism.
With the Iranian 2017 Presidential election in May, similar to Iran`s domestic voters for JCPOA, still a GOOD DEAL or NOT? For President Rouhani`s diplomatic reconciliation policy to the United States, is also a true REVIEW by all Iranian Citizens. Success or Failure, JCPOA is the key factor, leading the future of Iran`s Politic and Economy.
On Friday , May 19th, 2017, the same day for Iran`s Presidential Election day, TRUMP opened the first official foreign trip as the 45th US President, flying directly to Saudi Arabia`s capital Riyadh. More than winning the 110 billion US dollars of military contracts, Saudi agreed to participate US domestic infrastructure investment of 200 billion US dollars. During the Arab Islamic American Summit, TRUMP’s speech reflected to be the isolation of the IRAN. Just 2 weeks later, Qatar faced the diplomatic dispute between 9 countries, because of the Saudi decision. Not only Qatar royal family sponsored the ISIS, but also Qatar try to strengthen Iran bilateral relations. Meanwhile, Tehran city was under the terrorist attacks, targeting the Iranian parliament building and the Khomeini Holy Mausoleum.
Iran and the United States diplomatic relations separated 38 years, Mostly tense, sometimes relax. In the next decade, regardless of differences between the two sides how, JCPOA is bound to play a key factor. This is also my long-term observation of the IRAN issue.
I specially thank to my instructor Dr. C.C. TENG. For the past 12 months, he provided Professional Diplomatic viewpoints to me. And furthermore, two excellent Scholars: Dr. Y.C. Lu and Dr. R.C. Hu, both point a brilliant academic point of view. Thanks YOU ALL.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論
第一節 研究動機與研究目的 12
第二節 文獻回顧與探討 16
第三節 研究方法與研究途徑 20
第四節 研究範圍與研究限制 22

第二章 伊朗,波斯帝國的後裔,回教伊斯蘭共和的新意識形態
第一節 傳統波斯榮光與伊朗地緣政治 23
第二節 什葉派、何梅尼、伊斯蘭立憲 25
第三節 21世紀伊朗國家大戰略 26

第三章 美國與伊朗,外交一甲子風雲
第一節 巴勒維王朝與美國盟邦時期 27
第二節 1979德黑蘭使館危機,雙方斷交迄今 28
第三節 發展核武,邪惡軸心,2006聯合國制裁陸續啟動 29
第四節 聯合國制裁十年困境,伊朗的政經發展與轉向 30

第四章 JCPOA核協議Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
第一節 伊朗總統、專家會議與最高精神領袖 32
第二節 P5+1核協議談判、簽署、生效 2013/11—2016/01 35
第三節 以色列 沙烏地雙重因素干擾 來日方長 38

第五章 JCPOA,2016-2030 JCPOA未來執行式
第一節 JCPOA開啟外交大和解,各國互訪絡繹不絕 40
第二節 政經迷霧,期待JCPOA撥雲見日,
客機採購 引入外匯活水 45
第三節 伊朗2017五月總統大選,保守改革 路線大驗證 47
第六章 結論與展望
第一節 TRUMP上任,JCPOA協議變數再起 49
第二節 卡達0605斷交潮、德黑蘭0607恐攻,
伊朗 沙烏地 針鋒相對 51
第三節 魯哈尼總統對美外交,
唯有建構永遠的利益,
才能勝過永遠的敵人 53


參考書目 55

附錄: 57
1: JCPOA核協議 全文內容 (英文)。
2: 訪談:IAEA核能檢查官Malin Ardhammar談國際原子能總署對伊朗核能提煉技術管制措施(Adobe.file)。
zh_TW
dc.format.extent 2318871 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1009220081en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 伊朗核協議zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 伊朗總統 魯哈尼zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) JCPOAen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Rouhanien_US
dc.title (題名) 伊朗對美外交和解政策~魯哈尼總統第一任期JCPOA核協議為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) JCPOA and Iran Dealen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 參考書目:
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洪秀菊 。 <<危機決策、處理、談判 美伊人質危機個案>> 。台北 : 商鼎文化,民國88年。

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王央成編。<<戰略與區域安全>>。台北: 國防大學戰略研究所,民國95年。

布里辛斯基(Zbigniew Brzezinski)。<<美國的抉擇>>(The Choice: Global Domination or Global Leadership),郭希誠譯。台北: 左岸文化,民國93年。

蕭曦清。<<中東風雲>>。台北: 牧村圖書,民國92年。

丁佩華。<<俄羅斯石油地位的博弈>>。上海: 上海人民出版社,2009。

范鴻達。<<伊朗與美國 : 從朋友到仇敵>>。北京: 新華出版社,2012。

李春放。<<伊朗危機與冷戰起源 1941~1947年>>。北京: 社會科學文獻出版社,2007。

菲利普 賽比耶¬-洛佩茲(Philippe Sebille-Lopez)。<<石油地緣政治>>(Geopolitiques du petrole) 。北京: 社會科學文獻出版社,2006。

英文

Dershowitz, Alan. The Case against The IRAN DEAL. New York: A Gatestone Institute Publication, 2015

Patrikarkos, David. Nuclear IRAN. New York: L.B. Tauris & Co Ltd, 2012

Landler, Mark. Alter Egos. New York: Random House LLC, 2016

Chollet, Derek. The Long Game. New York: Public Affairs, 2016
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