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題名 以考慮內生性問題的系統迴歸模型估計兩部門國際觀光旅館的技術效率－台灣的實證分析
Technical efficiency of international tourist hotels in Taiwan —considering simultaneity problems and departments
作者 黃廉淨
Huang, Lian-Jing
貢獻者 黃台心
Huang, Tai-Hsin
黃廉淨
Huang, Lian-Jing
關鍵詞 台灣國際觀光旅館
經營效率
內生性問題
Taiwanese international tourist hotels
Efficiency
Simultaneity problems
日期 2017
上傳時間 2-Oct-2017 10:15:14 (UTC+8)
摘要 生產函數中自變數的聯立問題，起因於誤差項包含無法觀察到的生產力，會影響廠商的雇用決策，導致誤差項與要素需求相關而產生內生性問題，Olley and Pakes（1996）指出要獲得具備一致性的係數估計值，必須同時解決選擇問題及聯立問題，因國際觀光旅館退出市場的情形較少，選擇問題較不嚴重，本研究暫不考慮。過去探討旅館業績效的文獻，大多針對單一生產函數進行估計，未能考慮國際觀光旅館同時進行住宿和餐飲兩種生產活動的特質。因此，本研究在考量無法觀察到的生產力因素之下，同時估計1998-2014年79家台灣國際觀光旅館住宿和餐飲部門的兩條生產邊界函數，以提升估計結果的可信度。結果發現，考慮內生性問題之後，住宿及餐飲兩部門的效率值皆上升；而無論是否考慮內生性問題，餐飲部門的管理能力皆優於住宿部門，參與連鎖體系的旅館住宿及餐飲部門經營效率也皆較獨立飯店高，且金融海嘯過後，樣本旅館的平均效率高於金融海嘯前。
The simultaneity problem of independent variables in the production function is attributed to the inclusion of unobservable productivities in the error terms. This will affect employment decisions, causing error terms to be related to input demands and generating a endogenous problem. Olley and Pakes (1996) indicates that to obtain a consistent estimate we need to solve selection problems and simultaneity problems simultaneously. Since tourist hotels seldom quit the market, we don`t consider selection problems in this research. Most of the researches discussing performances of tourist hotels estimate a single production function without considering two kinds of productive activities tourist hotels do : accommodation and food. Therefore this research take the imperceivable productivity factors into account, estimating marginal production functions of accommodation and food department simltaneously for 79 international tourist hotels in Taiwan. The empirical result indicates that after considering the simultaneity problem efficiency value of the two departments both raises. Moreover, the management ability of food department is better than the management ability of accommodation department. Hotels witnin a chain system shows better operating efficiency than independent ones. The average efficiency of the sample hotels are also greater after the Financial Crisis
參考文獻 一、 中文部分
1. 朱冠達（2013）。”國際觀光旅館之經營效率分析─考慮顧客與員工滿意度”。國立台灣大學，農業經濟學研究所。
2. 江典霖（2014）。”運用新共同邊界函數探討多重產出下聯立估計銀行競爭度與成本效率之影響”。國立政治大學，金融研究所。
3. 吳美珍（2013）。”台灣國際觀光旅館業效率與生產力分析”。國立成功大學，資源工程學研究所。
4. 李起銓（2013）。”比較西歐銀行業之成本效率：新共同邊界Fourier成本函數之應用”。國立政治大學，金融研究所。
5. 邱靜君（2011）。”週休二日前後國際觀光旅館經營效率之分析－以花蓮地區和風景區為例”。朝陽科技大學，休閒事業管理研究所。
6. 林俊豪（2012）。”準要素固定性、技術效率與分配效率：臺灣國際觀光旅館之實證研究”。國立嘉義大學，應用經濟學系研究所。
7. 陳炳欽（2002）。”台灣地區連鎖國際觀光旅館經營效率之研究”。南華大學，旅遊事業管理研究所。
8. 郭文凱（2011）。”台灣國際觀光旅館經營效率與生產力之研究—DEA、SFA、Malmquist之應用”。國立成功大學，交通管理學研究所。
9. 黃台心，張寶光與邱郁芳，（2009）。”應用共同成本函數探討東亞六國銀行業之生產效率”。經濟論文，37（1），頁61-100。
10. 黃台心 ; 姜麗智 ; 陳冠臻 ; 邱柏豪，（2010）。” 應用共同邊界成本函數探討西歐十六國銀行業技術效率和技術缺口比率”。管理評論，29（3），25-43。
11. 楊承翰（2009）。”台灣國際觀光旅館管理效率之探討-三階段資料包絡分析法之應用”。國立政治大學，經濟研究所。
12. 蘇怡禎（2011）。”台灣地區國際觀光旅館經營效率之實證研究”。國立中正大學，國際經濟研究所。
二、 英文部分
1. Anderson, R.I., R. Fok, and J. Scott, (2000). “ Hotel Industry Efficiency: An Advanced Linear Programming Examination,” American Business Review, 18(1), 40-48.
2. Assaf, A., C.P. Barros, and A. Josiassen, (2012). “Hotel Efficiency: A Bootstrapped Metafrontier Approach,” International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(2), 621-629.
3. Barros, C.P. , (2005a). “Measuring Efficiency in the Hotel Sector,” Annals of Tourism Research, 32(2), 456-477.
4. Barros, C.P., (2005b). “Evaluating the Efficiency of a Small Hotel Chain with a Malmquist Productivity Index,” International Journal of Tourism Research, 7, 173-184.
5. Bartelsman, E., J. Haltiwanger, and S. Scarpetta, (2013). “Cross-Country Differences in Productivity: The Role of Allocation and Selection,” American Economic Review, 103(1), 305-334.
6. Battese, G.E. and T.J. Coelli, (1995). “A Model for Technical Inefficiency Effects in a Stochastic Frontier Production Function for Panel Data,” Empirical Economics, 20, 325-332.
7. Battese, G.E. and D.S.P. Rao, (2002). “Technology Gap, Efficiency, and a Stochastic Metafrontier Function,” International Journal of Business and Economics, 1, 87-93.
8. Battese, G.E., D.S.P. Rao, and C.J. O’Donnell, (2004). “A Metafrontier Production Function for Estimation of Technical Efficiencies and Technology Gaps for Firms Operating Under Different Technologies,” Journal of Productivity Analysis, 21, 91-103.
9. Beveren, I.V., (2012). “Total Factor Productivity Estimation: A Practical Review,” Journal of Economic Surveys, 26(1), 98-128.
10. Bos, J.W.B. and H. Schmiedel, (2003). “Comparing Efficiency in European Banking: a Meta Frontier Approach,” De Nederlandsche Bank Research Paper No. 57.
11. Bos, J.W.B. and H. Schmiedel, (2007). “Is There a Single Frontier in a Single European Banking Market?” Journal of Banking and Finance, 31, 2081-2102.
12. Chang, B.G., T.H. Huang, and C.Y. Kuo, (2015). “A Comparison of the Technical Efficiency of Accounting Firms among the US, China, and Taiwan under the Framework of a Stochastic Metafrontier Production Function,” Journal of Productivity Analysis, 44, 337-349.
13. Chen, C.N., T.H. Huang, and C.H. Lin, (2013). “Financing Decision and Productivity Growth for the Venture Capital Industry in Taiwan,” Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies, 16(2), 1-19.
14. Chen, C.T., J.L. Hu, and J.J. Liao, (2010). “Tourist Nationality Sources and Cost Efficiency of International Tourist Hotels in Taiwan,” African Journal of Business Management, 4(16), 3440-3446.
15. Chen, Ku-Hsieh, (2012). “Incorporating Risk Input into the Analysis of Bank Productivity: Application to the Taiwanese Banking Industry,” Journal of Banking & Finance, 36(7), 1911-1927.
16. Combes, P.P., G. Duranton, L. Gobillon, D. Puga, and S. Roux, (2012). “The Productivity Advantages of Large Cities: Distinguishing Agglomeration from Firm Selection,” Econometrica, 80 (6), 2543–2594.
17. Eslava, M., J. Haltiwangerb, A. Kuglere, and M. Kuglerg, (2013). “Trade and Market Selection: Evidence from Manufacturing Plants in Colombia,” Review of Economic Dynamics, 16, 135-158.
18. Fox, J.T. and V. Smeets, (2011). “Does Input Quality Drive Measured Differences in Firm Productivity?” International Economic Review, 52(4), 961-989.
19. Fried, H. O., C. A. K. Lovell, S. S. Schmidt and S. Yaisawarng, (2002). “Accounting for Environmental Effects and Statistical Noise,” Journal of Productivity Analysis, 17, 157-174.
20. Hayami, Y., (1969). “Sources of Agricultural Productivity Gap among Selected Countries,” American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 51, 564-575.
21. Hayami, Y. and V.W. Ruttan, (1970).” Agricultural Productivity Differences among Countries,” The American Economic Review, 60, 895-911.
22. Hayami, Y. and V.W. Ruttan, (1971). “Agricultural Development: An International Perspective,” Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
23. Hijzen, A., T. Inui, and Yasuyuki Todo, (2011). “Does Offshoring Pay? Firm-level Evidence from Japan,” Economic Inquiry, 48(4), 880-895.
24. Huang, C.J., T.H. Huang, and N.H. Liu, (2014). “A New Approach to Estimating the Metafrontier Production Function Based on a Stochastic Frontier Framework,” Journal of Productivity Analysis, 42, 241-254.
25. Huang, T.H., D.L. Chiang, and C.M. Tsai, (2015). “Applying the New Metafrontier Directional Distance Function to Compare Banking Efficiencies in Central and Eastern European Countries,” Economic Modelling, 44, 188-199.
26. Huang, T.H., L.C. Chiang, and K.C. Chen, (2011). “An Empirical Study of Bank Efficiencies and Technology Gaps in European Banking,” The Manchester School, 79, 839-860.
27. Hwang, S.N. and T.Y. Chang, (2003). “Using Data Envelopment Analysis to Measure Hotel Managerial Efficiency Change in Taiwan,” Tourism Management, 24(4), 357-369.
28. Johns, N., B. Howcroft, and L. Drake, (1997). “The Use of Data Envelopment Analysis to Monitor Hotel Productivity,” Progress in Tourism and Hospitality Research, 3, 119-127.
29. Keller, W. and S.R. Yeaple, (2009). “Multinational Enterprises, International Trade, and Productivity Growth: Firm Level Evidence from the United States,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 91(4), 821-831.
30. Lai, H.P. and C.J. Huang, (2013). “Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Seemingly Unrelated Stochastic Frontier Regressions,” Journal of Productivity Analysis, 40, 1–14.
31. Levinson, J. and A. Petrin, (2003). “Estimating Production Functions Using Inputs to Control for Unobservables,” Review of Economic Studies, 70(2), 341-372.
32. Loecker, J.D. (2011). “Product Differentiation, Multiproduct Firms, and Estimating the Impact of Trade Liberalization on Productivity,” Econometrica, 79(5), 1407-1451.
33. Luo, H., Y. Yang, and E. Law, (2014). “How to Achieve a High Efficiency Level of the Hotel Industry,” International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 26(8), 1140-1161.
34. Marschak, J., and W.H. Andrews, (1944). “Random Simultaneous Equations and the Theory of Production,” Econometrica, 12, 143-205.
35. Moreira, V.H., and B.E. Bravo-Ureta, (2010). “Technical Efficiency and Metatechnology Ratios for Dairy Farms in Three Southern Cone Countries: A Stochastic Meta-Frontier Model,” Journal of Productivity Analysis, 33, 33-45.
36. Morey, R.C. and D.A. Dittman, (1995). “Evaluating a Hotel GM’s Performance: A Case in Benchmarking,” Cornell Hotel Restaurant and Administration Quarterly, 36(5), 30-35.
37. O’Donnell, C. J., D. S. P. Rao, and G. E. Battese, (2008). “Metafrontier Frameworks for the Study of Firm-Level Efficiencies and Technology Ratios,” Empirical Economics, 34, 231-255.
38. Oh, D.H. and J.D. Lee, (2009). “A Metafrontier Approach for Measuring Malmquist Productivity Index,” Empirical Economics, 38(1), 47-64.
39. Olley, S. and A. Pakes, (1996). “The Dynamics of Productivity in the Telecommunications Equipment Industry,” Econometrica, 64 (6), 1263-1298.
40. Pastor Jesús T. and C.K. , Lovell, (2005). “A Global Malmquist Productivity Index,” Economics Letters, 88(2), 266-271.
41. Petrin, A. and J. Levinsohn, (2012). “Measuring Aggregate Productivity Growth using Plant-level Data,” RAND Journal of Economics, 43(4), 705-725.
42. Rao, D.S. P., C. O`Donnell and G. E. Battese (2003). “Metafrontier Functions for the Study of Inter-regional Productivity Differences”, CEPA Working Paper No.12003.
43. Shieh, H.S., J.L. Hu, and L.Y. Gao, (2014). “Tourist Preferences and Cost Efficiency of International Tourist Hotels in Taiwan,” International Journal of Marketing Studies, 6(3), 35-48.
44. Wedervang, Fröystein, (1965). “Development of a Population of Industrial Firms : the Structure of Manufacturing Industries in Norway,” 1930-1948, Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
45. Yang, C. and W.M. Lu, (2006). “Performance Benchmarking for Taiwan’s International Tourist Hotels,” Information Systems and Operational Research, 44(3), 229-245.
46. Yu, Ming-Miin and Li-Hsueh, Chen (2015). “Productivity Growth of Taiwanese International Tourist Hotels in a Metafrontier Framework,” Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 57(1), 38-50.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
金融學系
104352036
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0104352036
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 黃台心zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Huang, Tai-Hsinen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 黃廉淨zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Huang, Lian-Jingen_US
dc.creator (作者) 黃廉淨zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Huang, Lian-Jingen_US
dc.date (日期) 2017en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-Oct-2017 10:15:14 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-Oct-2017 10:15:14 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Oct-2017 10:15:14 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0104352036en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/113287-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 金融學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 104352036zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 生產函數中自變數的聯立問題，起因於誤差項包含無法觀察到的生產力，會影響廠商的雇用決策，導致誤差項與要素需求相關而產生內生性問題，Olley and Pakes（1996）指出要獲得具備一致性的係數估計值，必須同時解決選擇問題及聯立問題，因國際觀光旅館退出市場的情形較少，選擇問題較不嚴重，本研究暫不考慮。過去探討旅館業績效的文獻，大多針對單一生產函數進行估計，未能考慮國際觀光旅館同時進行住宿和餐飲兩種生產活動的特質。因此，本研究在考量無法觀察到的生產力因素之下，同時估計1998-2014年79家台灣國際觀光旅館住宿和餐飲部門的兩條生產邊界函數，以提升估計結果的可信度。結果發現，考慮內生性問題之後，住宿及餐飲兩部門的效率值皆上升；而無論是否考慮內生性問題，餐飲部門的管理能力皆優於住宿部門，參與連鎖體系的旅館住宿及餐飲部門經營效率也皆較獨立飯店高，且金融海嘯過後，樣本旅館的平均效率高於金融海嘯前。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The simultaneity problem of independent variables in the production function is attributed to the inclusion of unobservable productivities in the error terms. This will affect employment decisions, causing error terms to be related to input demands and generating a endogenous problem. Olley and Pakes (1996) indicates that to obtain a consistent estimate we need to solve selection problems and simultaneity problems simultaneously. Since tourist hotels seldom quit the market, we don`t consider selection problems in this research. Most of the researches discussing performances of tourist hotels estimate a single production function without considering two kinds of productive activities tourist hotels do : accommodation and food. Therefore this research take the imperceivable productivity factors into account, estimating marginal production functions of accommodation and food department simltaneously for 79 international tourist hotels in Taiwan. The empirical result indicates that after considering the simultaneity problem efficiency value of the two departments both raises. Moreover, the management ability of food department is better than the management ability of accommodation department. Hotels witnin a chain system shows better operating efficiency than independent ones. The average efficiency of the sample hotels are also greater after the Financial Crisisen_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 01
第一節 研究背景與動機 01
第二節 研究目的 02
第三節 研究流程 03
第二章 文獻探討 05
　　第一節　觀光旅館生產效率 05
　　第二節　考慮選擇問題與聯立問題 07
第三節　研究方法 09
第三章 資料說明 13
　　第一節 資料來源及範圍 13
第二節 住宿部門 17
第三節 餐飲部門 19
第四章 實證結果及分析 21
　　第一節 研究結果 21
第二節 住宿與餐飲部門之效率結果比較 24
第三節 連鎖與獨立飯店之效率結果比較 25
第四節 金融海嘯前後之效率結果比較 26
第五章 結論與建議 29
　　第一節 結論 29
第二節 建議 30
參考文獻 31		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 733503 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0104352036en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 台灣國際觀光旅館zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 經營效率zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 內生性問題zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Taiwanese international tourist hotelsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Efficiencyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Simultaneity problemsen_US
dc.title (題名) 以考慮內生性問題的系統迴歸模型估計兩部門國際觀光旅館的技術效率－台灣的實證分析zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Technical efficiency of international tourist hotels in Taiwan —considering simultaneity problems and departmentsen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、 中文部分
1. 朱冠達（2013）。”國際觀光旅館之經營效率分析─考慮顧客與員工滿意度”。國立台灣大學，農業經濟學研究所。
2. 江典霖（2014）。”運用新共同邊界函數探討多重產出下聯立估計銀行競爭度與成本效率之影響”。國立政治大學，金融研究所。
3. 吳美珍（2013）。”台灣國際觀光旅館業效率與生產力分析”。國立成功大學，資源工程學研究所。
4. 李起銓（2013）。”比較西歐銀行業之成本效率：新共同邊界Fourier成本函數之應用”。國立政治大學，金融研究所。
5. 邱靜君（2011）。”週休二日前後國際觀光旅館經營效率之分析－以花蓮地區和風景區為例”。朝陽科技大學，休閒事業管理研究所。
6. 林俊豪（2012）。”準要素固定性、技術效率與分配效率：臺灣國際觀光旅館之實證研究”。國立嘉義大學，應用經濟學系研究所。
7. 陳炳欽（2002）。”台灣地區連鎖國際觀光旅館經營效率之研究”。南華大學，旅遊事業管理研究所。
8. 郭文凱（2011）。”台灣國際觀光旅館經營效率與生產力之研究—DEA、SFA、Malmquist之應用”。國立成功大學，交通管理學研究所。
9. 黃台心，張寶光與邱郁芳，（2009）。”應用共同成本函數探討東亞六國銀行業之生產效率”。經濟論文，37（1），頁61-100。
10. 黃台心 ; 姜麗智 ; 陳冠臻 ; 邱柏豪，（2010）。” 應用共同邊界成本函數探討西歐十六國銀行業技術效率和技術缺口比率”。管理評論，29（3），25-43。
11. 楊承翰（2009）。”台灣國際觀光旅館管理效率之探討-三階段資料包絡分析法之應用”。國立政治大學，經濟研究所。
12. 蘇怡禎（2011）。”台灣地區國際觀光旅館經營效率之實證研究”。國立中正大學，國際經濟研究所。
二、 英文部分
1. Anderson, R.I., R. Fok, and J. Scott, (2000). “ Hotel Industry Efficiency: An Advanced Linear Programming Examination,” American Business Review, 18(1), 40-48.
2. Assaf, A., C.P. Barros, and A. Josiassen, (2012). “Hotel Efficiency: A Bootstrapped Metafrontier Approach,” International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(2), 621-629.
3. Barros, C.P. , (2005a). “Measuring Efficiency in the Hotel Sector,” Annals of Tourism Research, 32(2), 456-477.
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