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題名 台灣選舉中同性戀接受度的變遷: 媒體效果觀點
Transition of the homosexual tolerance during Taiwanese election: A media effect perspective作者 劉慧儀
Low, Hui Yee貢獻者 劉義鈞
Liu, Yih‐Jiun
劉慧儀
Low, Hui Yee關鍵詞 Media effect
Homosexual tolerance
Voting preference
Election日期 2017 上傳時間 1-Dec-2017 12:08:55 (UTC+8) 摘要 Election of a state or a country has potentially become a common tool for majority of politicians who have political or social agenda against or for citizens. The success rate in getting their social agenda approved is enhanced when politicians prefer implementing their social agenda through the exercise of their deliberate choice. Such phenomenon has come to be the usual practice for politicians as the nature of election provides a platform between citizens and the state, especially in the issues of homosexuality. In Taiwan, the rise of the general support for homosexual community is potentially making this region become the first in Asia to legalize same-sex marriage. This particular homosexual issue has been in the limelight during Taiwanese general elections. The political candidates will either utilize the chance to gain votes from homosexual rights supporters or to cast homosexual issues as a taboo in society. Under these choices, the process of shaping the public’s attitude towards homosexuality is inevitable. In this island, media played an important role in creating a positive media effect to cultivate tolerance towards homosexuality and shape public opinion to favor this particular subgroup. At the same time, such media effect has resulted in molding long lasting Taiwanese public’s societal viewpoints. This process enables the Taiwanese politicians to observe with great interest the changing of the electro’s attitude by following polling system and data provided by research centers and media. The research centers and media appear to be the means through which politicians can used to secure the ballots of electro. This paper seeks to examine the media effects on homosexual tolerance during Taiwanese election which able to help the politician wins the election. Under high chances of media exposure, Taiwanese’ homosexual tolerance have widen. Such social phenomenon will favor Taiwanese politicians to secure their victory of election, by showing their supports for homosexuality 參考文獻 Andersen, R., & Fetner, T. (2008). Cohort Differences in Tolerance of Homosexuality: Attitudinal Change in Canada and the United States, 1981-2000. Public Opinion Quarterly, 72(2), 311-330. doi:10.1093/poq/nfn017Baggs, M. (2016, July 5). Is Theresa May the right Conservative leader for gay people? –BBC Newsbeat. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/36683521/is-theresa-may-the-right-conservative-leader-for-gay-peopleBarnecka, J., Karp, K., & Lollike, M. (2005).Homosexuality. Retrieved from Roskilde University website: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/12515104.pdfBerry, G. (2010). The Mythic Element of Mass Media and Its Relation to Plato`s Cave. Journal of Media and Communication, 2(ANZCA Special Issue), 72-85.Bowers, B. (2012, May 11). President Barack Obama`s shifting stance on gay marriage | PolitiFact. Retrieved from http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2012/may/11/barack-obama/president-barack-obamas-shift-gay-marriage/Brown, J., Halpern, C., & L’Engle, K. (2005). Mass media as a sexual super peer for early maturing girls. Journal of Adolescent Health, 36(5), 420–427.Bruyere, E. D. (2014, May 22). Taiwan Activists Push for Same-sex Marriage Bill. Retrieved fromhttp://sinophere.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/05/22/taiwan-activists-push-for-same-sex-marriage-bill/Calzo, J. P., & Ward, L. M. (2009). Media Exposure and Viewers Attitudes Toward Homosexuality: Evidence for Mainstreaming or Resonance? Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 53(2), 280-299. doi:10.1080/08838150902908049Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., Miller, W. E., & Stokes, D. E. (1964).The American Voter. An abridgment. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Cheng, Y. A., Wu, F. F., & Adamczyk, A. (2016).Changing Attitudes Toward Homosexuality in Taiwan, 1995–2012. Chinese Sociological Review, 48(4), 317-345. doi:10.1080/21620555.2016.1199257Chapin, R.K &Strom-Gottfried, K. (2007).Social Policy for Effective Practice: A Strengths Approach (New Directions in Social Work). McGraw-Hill.Ciagov.(2016). Ciagov. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world factbook/geos/tw.htmlCleary, A., & Rich, T. (2017, March 16). Attitudes Toward Homosexuality and Same-Sex Marriage in Taiwan: It`s More Complex than You Think. Retrieved from https://sentinel.tw/attitudes-gay-taiwan/CNN.com. (2007, October 23). CNN Political Ticker Obama takes heat for link to McClurkin.. Retrieved from http://web.archive.org/web/20071130064038/politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2007/10/23/obama-takes-heat-for-link-to-mcclurkin/Cohen, B. C. (1963). The Press and Foreign Policy. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.DeLisle, J. (2012, January). Taiwan’s 2012 Presidential and Legislative Elections: Winners, Losers and Implications. Retrieved from http://www.fpri.org/article/2012/01/taiwans-2012-presidential-and -legislative-elections-winners-losers-implications/ Fog, A. (2004). The supposed and the real role of mass media in modern democracy. Working Paper. Retrieved from http://www.agner.org/cultsel/mediacrisis.pdf Garretson, J. J. (2009). Changing media, changing minds: The lesbian and gay movement, television, and public opinion (3414574) (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (3414574)Garretson, J. J. (2015). Does change in minority and women`s representation on television matter?: a 30-year study of television portrayals and social tolerance. Politics, Groups, and Identities, 3(4), 615-632. doi:10.1080/21565503.2015.1050405Gaventa, John. (2003). Power after Lukes: a review of the literature. Brighton: Institute of Development Studies.Gerbner, G. (1990). Epilogue: Advancing on the Path of Righteousness (Maybe). In Signorielli , N & Morgan , M (Eds), Cultivation Analysis: New Directions in Media Effects Research (pp. 249 – 262). London: Sage Publications, Inc.Gonta, G., Hansen, S., Fagin, C., & Fong, J. (2017). Changing Media and Changing Minds: Media Exposure and Viewer Attitudes Toward Homosexuality. Pepperdine Journal of Communication Research, 5(1). Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/pjcr/vol5/iss1/5Gorvett, Z. (2015, May 06). Future - The hidden psychology of voting. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20150506-the-dark-psychology-of-votingHuntington, S. P. (2002). The clash of civilizations and the remaking of worldorder. U.K: Simon & Schuster.Huston, A. C. (1992). Big world, small screen: The role of television in American society.Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.Inglehart, R., and W. E. Baker. 2000. “Modernization, Cultural Change, and the Persistence of Traditional Values.” American Sociological Review 65(1): 19–51.doi:10.2307/2657288Jennings, R. (2017, May 23). Taiwan Judges Approve Same-Sex Marriage In Asia`s First Landmark LGBT Ruling. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/ralphjennings/2017/05/23/15-taiwan-judges-will-decide-fate-of-asias-flagship-same-sex-marriage-law/#4a0896763752Jurjevich, J. R. (2010). Compositional and Contextual Effects Across Political Landscapes: Case Studies of Migration and Same-Sex Marriage(Unpublished master`s thesis).Kahn, H.(2014). LGBT Parents on American Television.Honors Theses.Paper 227Kenyon, G. (2016, January 06). Future - The man who studies the spread ofignorance. Retrieved fromhttp://www.bbc.com/future/story/20160105-the-man-who-studies-tespread-of-ignoranceKiousis, S. and McCombs, M. (2004). Agenda-Setting Effects and Attitude Strength. Communication Research, 31(1), pp.36-57.Kuo, Y. C. (2015). The Practice of Gender Equity Education in Taiwan. Journal of Modern Education Review, 5(9), 854-860.doi:10.15341/jmer(2155-7993)/09.05.2015/005Ladd, J. M., & Lenz, G. S. (2009). Exploiting a Rare Communication Shift toDocument the Persuasive Power of the News Media. AmericanJournal of Political Science, 53(2), 394-410.doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00377.xLikert, R. (1932). A Technique for the Measurement of Attitudes. Archives of Psychology, 22(140 (June)), 5-55.Lin, S. (2017, May 27). Wu Den-yih denies U-turn on legalizing homosexualUnions Taipei Times. Retrieved fromhttp://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2017/05/27/2003671384Logan, R. K. (2010). Understanding new media: extending Marshall McLuhan. New York: Peter Lang.Logue, J. (2014). The Politics of Unknowing and the Virtues of Ignorance: Toward a Pedagogy of Epistemic Vulnerability. Philosophy of Education Archive, 53-62.Lu, Y., & Hetherington, W. (2016, November 21). Ma calls for respect of sexual orientations. Retrieved October 26, 2017, fromhttp://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archieves/2016/11/21/2003659711 Magaziner, J. (2016). Education in Taiwan. 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國立政治大學
國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)
104461013資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0104461013 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 劉義鈞 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Liu, Yih‐Jiun en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 劉慧儀 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Low, Hui Yee en_US dc.creator (作者) 劉慧儀 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Low, Hui Yee en_US dc.date (日期) 2017 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Dec-2017 12:08:55 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Dec-2017 12:08:55 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Dec-2017 12:08:55 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0104461013 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/114971 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 104461013 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Election of a state or a country has potentially become a common tool for majority of politicians who have political or social agenda against or for citizens. The success rate in getting their social agenda approved is enhanced when politicians prefer implementing their social agenda through the exercise of their deliberate choice. Such phenomenon has come to be the usual practice for politicians as the nature of election provides a platform between citizens and the state, especially in the issues of homosexuality. In Taiwan, the rise of the general support for homosexual community is potentially making this region become the first in Asia to legalize same-sex marriage. This particular homosexual issue has been in the limelight during Taiwanese general elections. The political candidates will either utilize the chance to gain votes from homosexual rights supporters or to cast homosexual issues as a taboo in society. Under these choices, the process of shaping the public’s attitude towards homosexuality is inevitable. In this island, media played an important role in creating a positive media effect to cultivate tolerance towards homosexuality and shape public opinion to favor this particular subgroup. At the same time, such media effect has resulted in molding long lasting Taiwanese public’s societal viewpoints. This process enables the Taiwanese politicians to observe with great interest the changing of the electro’s attitude by following polling system and data provided by research centers and media. The research centers and media appear to be the means through which politicians can used to secure the ballots of electro. This paper seeks to examine the media effects on homosexual tolerance during Taiwanese election which able to help the politician wins the election. Under high chances of media exposure, Taiwanese’ homosexual tolerance have widen. Such social phenomenon will favor Taiwanese politicians to secure their victory of election, by showing their supports for homosexuality en_US dc.description.tableofcontents Acknowledgment........................... iiAbstract................................. iiiIntroduction............................. 1Research Purpose......................... 4Research Objective....................... 6Literature Review........................ 81) Media: Information Manufacturer.. 92) Society in A Big Media Oven...... 113) Media Effect: The Shaker of Beliefs and Attitudes........................ 144) Media Role in Transition of Homosexual Tolerance During Taiwanese Election........ 16Research Question and Hypothesis......... 23Methodology.............................. 251) Data............................. 252) Variables and Measurement........ 28Results.................................. 32Discussion............................... 43Conclusion............................... 49References............................... 50Appendix A............................... 62 zh_TW dc.format.extent 6250076 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0104461013 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Media effect en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Homosexual tolerance en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Voting preference en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Election en_US dc.title (題名) 台灣選舉中同性戀接受度的變遷: 媒體效果觀點 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Transition of the homosexual tolerance during Taiwanese election: A media effect perspective en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Andersen, R., & Fetner, T. (2008). Cohort Differences in Tolerance of Homosexuality: Attitudinal Change in Canada and the United States, 1981-2000. Public Opinion Quarterly, 72(2), 311-330. doi:10.1093/poq/nfn017Baggs, M. (2016, July 5). Is Theresa May the right Conservative leader for gay people? –BBC Newsbeat. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/36683521/is-theresa-may-the-right-conservative-leader-for-gay-peopleBarnecka, J., Karp, K., & Lollike, M. (2005).Homosexuality. Retrieved from Roskilde University website: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/12515104.pdfBerry, G. (2010). The Mythic Element of Mass Media and Its Relation to Plato`s Cave. Journal of Media and Communication, 2(ANZCA Special Issue), 72-85.Bowers, B. (2012, May 11). President Barack Obama`s shifting stance on gay marriage | PolitiFact. Retrieved from http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2012/may/11/barack-obama/president-barack-obamas-shift-gay-marriage/Brown, J., Halpern, C., & L’Engle, K. (2005). Mass media as a sexual super peer for early maturing girls. Journal of Adolescent Health, 36(5), 420–427.Bruyere, E. D. (2014, May 22). Taiwan Activists Push for Same-sex Marriage Bill. Retrieved fromhttp://sinophere.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/05/22/taiwan-activists-push-for-same-sex-marriage-bill/Calzo, J. P., & Ward, L. M. (2009). Media Exposure and Viewers Attitudes Toward Homosexuality: Evidence for Mainstreaming or Resonance? Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 53(2), 280-299. doi:10.1080/08838150902908049Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., Miller, W. E., & Stokes, D. E. (1964).The American Voter. An abridgment. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Cheng, Y. A., Wu, F. F., & Adamczyk, A. (2016).Changing Attitudes Toward Homosexuality in Taiwan, 1995–2012. Chinese Sociological Review, 48(4), 317-345. doi:10.1080/21620555.2016.1199257Chapin, R.K &Strom-Gottfried, K. (2007).Social Policy for Effective Practice: A Strengths Approach (New Directions in Social Work). McGraw-Hill.Ciagov.(2016). Ciagov. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world factbook/geos/tw.htmlCleary, A., & Rich, T. (2017, March 16). Attitudes Toward Homosexuality and Same-Sex Marriage in Taiwan: It`s More Complex than You Think. Retrieved from https://sentinel.tw/attitudes-gay-taiwan/CNN.com. (2007, October 23). CNN Political Ticker Obama takes heat for link to McClurkin.. Retrieved from http://web.archive.org/web/20071130064038/politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2007/10/23/obama-takes-heat-for-link-to-mcclurkin/Cohen, B. C. (1963). The Press and Foreign Policy. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.DeLisle, J. (2012, January). Taiwan’s 2012 Presidential and Legislative Elections: Winners, Losers and Implications. Retrieved from http://www.fpri.org/article/2012/01/taiwans-2012-presidential-and -legislative-elections-winners-losers-implications/ Fog, A. (2004). The supposed and the real role of mass media in modern democracy. Working Paper. Retrieved from http://www.agner.org/cultsel/mediacrisis.pdf Garretson, J. J. (2009). Changing media, changing minds: The lesbian and gay movement, television, and public opinion (3414574) (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (3414574)Garretson, J. J. (2015). Does change in minority and women`s representation on television matter?: a 30-year study of television portrayals and social tolerance. Politics, Groups, and Identities, 3(4), 615-632. doi:10.1080/21565503.2015.1050405Gaventa, John. (2003). Power after Lukes: a review of the literature. Brighton: Institute of Development Studies.Gerbner, G. (1990). Epilogue: Advancing on the Path of Righteousness (Maybe). In Signorielli , N & Morgan , M (Eds), Cultivation Analysis: New Directions in Media Effects Research (pp. 249 – 262). London: Sage Publications, Inc.Gonta, G., Hansen, S., Fagin, C., & Fong, J. (2017). Changing Media and Changing Minds: Media Exposure and Viewer Attitudes Toward Homosexuality. Pepperdine Journal of Communication Research, 5(1). Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/pjcr/vol5/iss1/5Gorvett, Z. (2015, May 06). Future - The hidden psychology of voting. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20150506-the-dark-psychology-of-votingHuntington, S. P. (2002). The clash of civilizations and the remaking of worldorder. U.K: Simon & Schuster.Huston, A. C. (1992). Big world, small screen: The role of television in American society.Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.Inglehart, R., and W. E. Baker. 2000. “Modernization, Cultural Change, and the Persistence of Traditional Values.” American Sociological Review 65(1): 19–51.doi:10.2307/2657288Jennings, R. (2017, May 23). Taiwan Judges Approve Same-Sex Marriage In Asia`s First Landmark LGBT Ruling. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/ralphjennings/2017/05/23/15-taiwan-judges-will-decide-fate-of-asias-flagship-same-sex-marriage-law/#4a0896763752Jurjevich, J. R. (2010). Compositional and Contextual Effects Across Political Landscapes: Case Studies of Migration and Same-Sex Marriage(Unpublished master`s thesis).Kahn, H.(2014). LGBT Parents on American Television.Honors Theses.Paper 227Kenyon, G. (2016, January 06). Future - The man who studies the spread ofignorance. Retrieved fromhttp://www.bbc.com/future/story/20160105-the-man-who-studies-tespread-of-ignoranceKiousis, S. and McCombs, M. (2004). Agenda-Setting Effects and Attitude Strength. Communication Research, 31(1), pp.36-57.Kuo, Y. C. (2015). The Practice of Gender Equity Education in Taiwan. Journal of Modern Education Review, 5(9), 854-860.doi:10.15341/jmer(2155-7993)/09.05.2015/005Ladd, J. M., & Lenz, G. S. (2009). Exploiting a Rare Communication Shift toDocument the Persuasive Power of the News Media. 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