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題名 東北亞漸增的單身率：年輕人親密關係形成之瓶頸
Rising Celibacy Rates in Northeast Asia: Bottlenecks in Forming Intimate Relationships among Young Adults
作者 卡夏
Philippe, Cachia
貢獻者 李怡青
Lee, I-Ching
卡夏
Cachia Philippe
關鍵詞 親密關係
交往
單身
社交網絡
社會規範
實用主義
性別角色
節育
東北亞
Intimate relationships
Dating
Singlehood
Social networks
Social norms
Pragma love
Gender roles
Celibacy
Northeast Asia
日期 2018
上傳時間 5-Feb-2018 16:23:37 (UTC+8)
摘要 Increasing rates of celibacy have been observed in Northeast Asian countries. One common explanation is that women refuse to marry because of gender-unequal family roles prevalent in Northeast Asian countries. This thesis examines an alternative explanation for the rising celibacy rates in Northeast Asia: Both genders may be unable to find a spouse because they integrate social and familial influences in their choice of a partner. Therefore, the inability, and not the unwillingness to find a partner delays Northeast Asian marriages. To support this thesis, I surveyed and compared the relationship formation of young adults from Taiwan, Japan, and France, where issues of celibacy and fertility are unheard of. The study confirms that French young adults are more likely to be in a relationship, and have fewer difficulties entering relationships compared to Taiwanese and Japanese. The study also found supporting evidence that social influences, integrated into partner’s choice, (a) predicted fewer partners and enhanced the perception that finding a partner is time-consuming for Taiwanese women, and (b) predicted difficulties in finding the right partner for Taiwanese and Japanese women. Finally, the results confirmed that Northeast Asian women who refuse unequal gender roles have lower intention to enter relationships, although no effect of gender roles on the number of partners was observed. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that a mechanism linking social influences, paramount to Northeast Asian social life, to relationship formation probably contributes to the inability to find a partner, possibly resulting in increasing celibacy. This mechanism may be functioning independently from gender roles. The increasing celibacy has serious consequences for Northeast Asian countries, such as negatively impacting their fertility rates, with dire consequences for social systems, economies, and even these countries’ very existence. The study guides Northeast Asian government planners and relationship counselors to encourage singles to favor personal choices to familial, or social requirements when choosing their intimate partners.
Increasing rates of celibacy have been observed in Northeast Asian countries. One common explanation is that women refuse to marry because of gender-unequal family roles prevalent in Northeast Asian countries. This thesis examines an alternative explanation for the rising celibacy rates in Northeast Asia: Both genders may be unable to find a spouse because they integrate social and familial influences in their choice of a partner. Therefore, the inability, and not the unwillingness to find a partner delays Northeast Asian marriages. To support this thesis, I surveyed and compared the relationship formation of young adults from Taiwan, Japan, and France, where issues of celibacy and fertility are unheard of. The study confirms that French young adults are more likely to be in a relationship, and have fewer difficulties entering relationships compared to Taiwanese and Japanese. The study also found supporting evidence that social influences, integrated into partner’s choice, (a) predicted fewer partners and enhanced the perception that finding a partner is time-consuming for Taiwanese women, and (b) predicted difficulties in finding the right partner for Taiwanese and Japanese women. Finally, the results confirmed that Northeast Asian women who refuse unequal gender roles have lower intention to enter relationships, although no effect of gender roles on the number of partners was observed. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that a mechanism linking social influences, paramount to Northeast Asian social life, to relationship formation probably contributes to the inability to find a partner, possibly resulting in increasing celibacy. This mechanism may be functioning independently from gender roles. The increasing celibacy has serious consequences for Northeast Asian countries, such as negatively impacting their fertility rates, with dire consequences for social systems, economies, and even these countries’ very existence. The study guides Northeast Asian government planners and relationship counselors to encourage singles to favor personal choices to familial, or social requirements when choosing their intimate partners.
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描述 博士
國立政治大學
亞太研究英語博士學位學程(IDAS)
99265511
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0992655112
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 李怡青zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Lee, I-Chingen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 卡夏zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Cachia Philippeen_US
dc.creator (作者) 卡夏zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Philippe, Cachiaen_US
dc.date (日期) 2018en_US
dc.date.accessioned 5-Feb-2018 16:23:37 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 5-Feb-2018 16:23:37 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-Feb-2018 16:23:37 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0992655112en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/115836-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 亞太研究英語博士學位學程(IDAS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 99265511zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Increasing rates of celibacy have been observed in Northeast Asian countries. One common explanation is that women refuse to marry because of gender-unequal family roles prevalent in Northeast Asian countries. This thesis examines an alternative explanation for the rising celibacy rates in Northeast Asia: Both genders may be unable to find a spouse because they integrate social and familial influences in their choice of a partner. Therefore, the inability, and not the unwillingness to find a partner delays Northeast Asian marriages. To support this thesis, I surveyed and compared the relationship formation of young adults from Taiwan, Japan, and France, where issues of celibacy and fertility are unheard of. The study confirms that French young adults are more likely to be in a relationship, and have fewer difficulties entering relationships compared to Taiwanese and Japanese. The study also found supporting evidence that social influences, integrated into partner’s choice, (a) predicted fewer partners and enhanced the perception that finding a partner is time-consuming for Taiwanese women, and (b) predicted difficulties in finding the right partner for Taiwanese and Japanese women. Finally, the results confirmed that Northeast Asian women who refuse unequal gender roles have lower intention to enter relationships, although no effect of gender roles on the number of partners was observed. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that a mechanism linking social influences, paramount to Northeast Asian social life, to relationship formation probably contributes to the inability to find a partner, possibly resulting in increasing celibacy. This mechanism may be functioning independently from gender roles. The increasing celibacy has serious consequences for Northeast Asian countries, such as negatively impacting their fertility rates, with dire consequences for social systems, economies, and even these countries’ very existence. The study guides Northeast Asian government planners and relationship counselors to encourage singles to favor personal choices to familial, or social requirements when choosing their intimate partners.zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Increasing rates of celibacy have been observed in Northeast Asian countries. One common explanation is that women refuse to marry because of gender-unequal family roles prevalent in Northeast Asian countries. This thesis examines an alternative explanation for the rising celibacy rates in Northeast Asia: Both genders may be unable to find a spouse because they integrate social and familial influences in their choice of a partner. Therefore, the inability, and not the unwillingness to find a partner delays Northeast Asian marriages. To support this thesis, I surveyed and compared the relationship formation of young adults from Taiwan, Japan, and France, where issues of celibacy and fertility are unheard of. The study confirms that French young adults are more likely to be in a relationship, and have fewer difficulties entering relationships compared to Taiwanese and Japanese. The study also found supporting evidence that social influences, integrated into partner’s choice, (a) predicted fewer partners and enhanced the perception that finding a partner is time-consuming for Taiwanese women, and (b) predicted difficulties in finding the right partner for Taiwanese and Japanese women. Finally, the results confirmed that Northeast Asian women who refuse unequal gender roles have lower intention to enter relationships, although no effect of gender roles on the number of partners was observed. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that a mechanism linking social influences, paramount to Northeast Asian social life, to relationship formation probably contributes to the inability to find a partner, possibly resulting in increasing celibacy. This mechanism may be functioning independently from gender roles. The increasing celibacy has serious consequences for Northeast Asian countries, such as negatively impacting their fertility rates, with dire consequences for social systems, economies, and even these countries’ very existence. The study guides Northeast Asian government planners and relationship counselors to encourage singles to favor personal choices to familial, or social requirements when choosing their intimate partners.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents TABLE OF CONTENTS...Page
LIST OF FIGURES...v
LIST OF TABLES...vi

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION...1

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW...5
2.1 ULTRA-LOW FERTILITY IN NORTHEAST ASIA...5
2.1.1 DEMOGRAPHIC STUDIES ON PREMARITAL RELATIONSHIPS...7
2.1.2 ASIAN VALUES AND CELIBACY...9
2.1.3 SOCIAL INFLUENCES, SELECTION CRITERIA, AND LOW FERTILITY...13
2.1.4 CONCLUSION...15
2.2 LITERATURE ON RELATIONSHIP FORMATION...16
2.2.1 SOCIAL NETWORKS` INFLUENCE ON RELATIONSHIPS...16
2.2.2 PRAGMA LOVE...20
2.2.3 GENDER ROLES...25
2.3 DATING STEPS...28
2.4 CONCLUSION...29
2.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND HYPOTHESES...30

CHAPTER THREE: QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS...33
3.1 INTRODUCTION...33
3.2 PROCEDURE...33
3.2 RESULTS...34
3.3 CONCLUSION...38

CHAPTER FOUR: QUANTITATIVE METHODS 41
4.1 SAMPLE DESCRIPTION...41
4.2 GENERAL METHODS...41
4.3 INSTRUMENTS...43
4.4 CONSTRUCTS’EQUIVALENCE...46
4.5 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURE...48

CHAPTER FIVE: DATING EXPERIENCE, DATING PYRAMIDS AND DATING DIFFICULTIES...53
5.1 DATING EXPERIENCE...53
5.2 DATING PYRAMIDS...54
5.2.1 DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS...54
5.2.2 DATING STEPS (DATING PYRAMIDS)...55
5.2.3 NOT BEING PURSUED AND NOT FINDING“MISTER RIGHT"...58
5.3 DATING DIFFICULTIES...58
5.4 CONCLUSION...60

CHAPTER SIX: THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL NORMS AND PRAGMATISM ON DATING...61
6.1 DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS...61
6.1.1 SOCIAL NORMS AND PRAGMATISM...61
6.1.2 CONTROL VARIABLES...63
6.1.3 NOTE ON SKEWED AND LEPTOKURTIC VARIABLES...64
6.2 EFFECT OF SOCIAL NORMS VIA PRAGMATISM ON DATING OUTCOME AND DATING DIFFICULTIES...65
6.2.1 FRENCH-TAIWANESE COMPARISON...66
6.2.2 FRENCH-JAPANESE COMPARISON...67
6.2.3 CONCLUSION...68
6.3 EFFECT OF PRAGMATISM ON DATING STEPS...68
6.3.1 FRENCH-TAIWANESE COMPARISON...69
6.3.2 FRENCH-JAPANESE COMPARISON...70
6.3.3 PREDICTING NOT FINDING“MISTER RIGHT"...71
6.3.4 CONCLUSION...71
6.4 CONCLUSION...72

CHAPTER SEVEN: THE EFFECTS OF GENDER-UNEQUAL FAMILY ROLES ON DATING...73
7.1 DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS...73
7.2 EFFECT OF FAMILY ROLES ON DATING INTENTIONS...74
7.3 EFFECT OF FAMILY ROLES ON DATING OUTCOME...75
7.4 CONCLUSION...76

CHAPTER EIGHT: CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION...77

APPENDIX...85

BIBLIOGRAPHY...105

QUESTIONNAIRES...119
FRENCH QUESTIONNNAIRE (WOMEN)...120
FRENCH QUESTIONNNAIRE (MEN)...127
TAIWANESE QUESTIONNNAIRE (WOMEN)...134
TAIWANESE QUESTIONNNAIRE (MEN)...140
JAPANESE QUESTIONNNAIRE (WOMEN)...147
JAPANESE QUESTIONNNAIRE (MEN)...154
ENGLISH QUESTIONNNAIRE (WOMEN)...161
ENGLISH QUESTIONNNAIRE (MEN)...168		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 13304249 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0992655112en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 親密關係zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 交往zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 單身zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 社交網絡zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 社會規範zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 實用主義zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 性別角色zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 節育zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 東北亞zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Intimate relationshipsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Datingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Singlehooden_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Social networksen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Social normsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Pragma loveen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Gender rolesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Celibacyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Northeast Asiaen_US
dc.title (題名) 東北亞漸增的單身率：年輕人親密關係形成之瓶頸zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Rising Celibacy Rates in Northeast Asia: Bottlenecks in Forming Intimate Relationships among Young Adultsen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
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