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題名 愛沙尼亞與拉脫維亞語言政策之研究
A Study on Language Policies in Estonia and Latvia作者 利國楙 貢獻者 林永芳
利國楙關鍵詞 蘇聯解體
俄裔人口
語言政策
官方語言
愛沙尼亞
拉脫維亞
The dissolution of the Soviet Union
Russians
Estonia
Latvia
Language policy
Official language日期 2018 上傳時間 2-Mar-2018 11:59:22 (UTC+8) 摘要 蘇聯解體後，有大量的俄羅斯人生活在前蘇聯加盟共和國內。像是愛沙尼亞與拉脫維亞在獨立過後，有三分之一的人口是俄裔人口。而大多數的俄裔人口都仍偏好使用俄語作為生活用語。此時，便延伸出一個問題，是否應針對這些少數民族俄裔人口之語言權利而增加官方語言。因此，在語言政策方面，便是一個極為關鍵的議題。 本論文將會先從歷史背景，亦即蘇聯時期開始討論。將各階段的語言政策一一分析，接著依序討論愛沙尼亞及拉脫維亞的語言政策之背景以及語言法之分析，最後從中找出結論。
Many Russians lived former Soviet republics after the dissolution of the Soviet Un- ion. Therefore, one third of the population was still Russian after Estonia and Latvia independence. Most of the Russians still prefer to use Russian for daily basis. The lan- guage policy was becoming a crucial topic to discuss whether those countries should add Russian for official language. This policy would strongly relate to the language rights of minority Russians.This paper will discuss the Soviet Union historical background which analyze the lan- guage policies of different period, and then discuss the background of linguistic poli- cies and language law in order in Estonia and Latvia.參考文獻 中文書籍王文科, & 王志泓（2014）。教育研究法。台北：五南圖書出版。王玉民（1994）。社會科學研究方法原理。台北：洪葉文化事業有限公司。施正鋒（2006）。臺灣族群政治與政策。臺中市：新新臺灣文教基金會。葉至誠, & 葉立誠（1998）。研究方法和論文寫作。台北：商鼎文化。中文期刊邱憶惠（1999）。個案研究：質化取向。教育研究， vol 7，頁 113-127。 施正鋒（2017）。歐盟的少數族群權利保障。「張維邦教授八十歲冥誕紀念學術研討會」發表之論文， 台北：台灣師大。 趙竹成（2007）。認同的選擇－以“境外俄羅斯人”為案例的分析。問題與研究， 46（2），頁 53-64。 劉顯忠（2014）。20世紀20~30年代蘇聯“本土化”政策在烏克蘭的實踐。俄羅斯東歐中亞研究， 4，頁 55-62。 中文論文王瑜倩（2014）。波羅的海三國的語言政策及其對境內俄羅斯人認同之影響。未出版之碩士論文，淡江大學歐洲研究所俄羅斯組，淡江大學。林佩璇（2000）。個案研究及其在教育研究上的應用。「質的研究研討會會議」發表之論文， 中正大學。 蕭瓊英（2003）。波羅的海三國中俄羅斯人地位的轉變 : 蘇聯解體前後的比較分析，政治大學俄羅斯研究所，政治大學。英文書籍Arakelyan, L. (2017). Russian Foreign Policy in Eurasia: National Interests and Regional Integration. Oxford: Routledge.Baran, S., & Davis, D. (2011). Mass Communication Theory: Foundations, Ferment, and Future. Boston: Cengage Learning.Bayley, R., Cameron, R., & Lucas, C. (2013). The Oxford Handbook of Sociolinguistics. New York: OUP USA.Berg, E. (2009). Identity and Foreign Policy: Baltic-Russian Relations and European Integration. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing.Brandist, C., & Chown, K. (2011). Politics and the Theory of Language in the USSR 1917-1938: The Birth of Sociological Linguistics. NY: Anthem Press.Daniels, R. V. (1993). A Documentary History of Communism in Russia: From Lenin to Gorbachev. London: UPNE.Feldbrugge, F. (1985). Encyclopedia of Soviet Law. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.Fishman, J. A. (1968). Readings in the Sociology of Language. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.Grenoble, L. A. (2003). Language Policy in the Soviet Union. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Jakobson, V. (2002). Role of the Estonian Russian-language Media in the intergration of the Russian-speaking Minority into Estonia Society. Tampere: University of Tempere.Kaplan, R. B., & Richard B. Baldauf, J. (2008). Language Planning and Policy in Europe - The Baltic States, Ireland and Italy (Vol. 3). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.Kortmann, B., & Auwera, J. v. d. (2011). The Languages and Linguistics of Europe: A Comprehensive Guide. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.Kuurme, T., & Priimägi, S. (2002). Competing for the Future: Education in Contemporary Societies. Tallinn: TPÜ kirjastus.Landau, J. M., & Kellner-Heinkele, B. (2001). Politics of Language in the Ex-Soviet Muslim States: Azerbayjan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan. London: C. Hurst & Co. Publishers.Lewis, E. G. (1972). Multilingualism in the Soviet Union: Aspects of language policy and its implementation. Berlin: Mouton.Lieven, A. (1994). The Baltic Revolution : Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and the Path to Independence. Conn: Yale University Press.March, J. G., & Olsen, J. P. (1989). Rediscovering Institutions. New York: The Free Press.Marsh, D., & Stoker, G. (1995). Theory and Methods in Political Science. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Misiunas, R. J., & Taagepera, R. (1993). The Baltic States, Years of Dependence, 1940-1990. TN: University of California Press.Nørgaard, O. (1999). The Baltic States After Independence. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.Peters, G. (2000). Governance, Politics, and the State. New York: St. Martin`s Press.Plakans, A. (2011). A Concise History of the Baltic States. Cambridge: Cambridge University Pres.Smith, M. G. (1998). Language and Power in the Creation of the USSR, 1917–1953. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Suny, R. G., & Martin, T. G. (2001). A State of Nations: Empire and Nation-Making in the Age of Lenin and Stalin. NY: Oxford University Press.Wardhaugh, R., & Fuller, J. M. (2014). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. NY: John Wiley & Sons.Wolfe, B. (1964). Three Who Made a Revolution. New York: Stein and Day.英文期刊Anderson, B. A., & Silver, B. D. (1984). Equality, Efficiency, and Politics in Soviet Bilingual Education Policy, 1934-1980. The American Political Science Review, 78, pp. 1019-1039. Green, S. B. (1997). Language of Lullabies: The Russification and DeRussification of the Baltic States. Michigan Journal of International Law, 19(219), pp. 220-276. Hegarty, T. J. (2001). The Politics of Language in Moldova. Language, Ethnicity and the State, pp. 123-154. Kochenov, D., Poleshchuk, V., & Dimitrovs, A. (2013). Do Professional Linguistic Requirements Discriminate? A Legal Analysis: Estonia and Latvia in the Spotlight. European Yearbook of Minority Issues, 10, pp. 137-187. Kolstø, P. (1996). The new Russian diaspora - an identity of its own? Possible identity trajectories for Russians in the former Soviet republic. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 19(3), pp. 609-639. Krasner, S. D. (1984). Approaches to the State: Alternative Conceptions and Historical Dynamics. Comparative Politics, 16(2), pp. 223-246. doi: 10.2307/421608Krasner, S. D. (1988). Sovereignty: an Institutional Perspective. Comparative Political Studies, 21(1), pp. 3. Lähteenmäki, M. (2006). Nikolai Marr and the idea of a unified language. Language & Communication, 26(3-4), pp. 285-295. Laitin, D. D. (1995). Identity in Formation: the Russian-speaking Nationality in the Post-soviet Diaspora. European Journal of Sociology, 36(2), pp. 281-316. Rannut, M. (2004). Language Policy in Estonia. Noves SL. Revista de Sociolingüística, Spring-summer, pp. 1-17. Schmid, C. (2008). Ethnicity and language tensions in Latvia. Lang Policy, 7(1), pp. 3-19. 英文網站資料Rule, E. (2017). Education in the Soviet Union. from https://stalinsocietygb.wordpress.com/2017/01/19/education-in-the-soviet-union/Veisbergs, A. (1993). The Latvian Language - Struggle for Survival. from http://valoda.ailab.lv/latval/vispareji/veisb.htm英文政府資料與報告Arfé, G. (1981). European Parliament Resolution on a Community charter of regional languages and cultures and on a charter of rights of ethnic minorities. The European Parliament.Arfé, G. (1983). Resolution on measures in favour of minority languages and cultures. The European Parliament.Druviete, I. (2002). Language Policy and Protection of the State Language in Latvia. Riga: Linguapax International.Ebner, M. (2003). Resolution on with recommendations to the Commission on European regional and lesser-used languages – the languages of minorities in the EU – in the context of enlargement and cultural diversity. The European Parliament.Elsuwege, P. V. (2004). Russian-speaking Minorities in Estonia and Latvia: Problems of Integration at the Threshold of the European Union ECMI Working Paper: European Center for Minority Issues.Killilea, M. (1994). European Parliament Resolution on linguistic and cultural minorities in the Europe an Community. The European Parliame.Kuijpers. (1987). Resolution on the Languages and Cultures of Regional and Ethnic Minorities. The European Parliament.Moraes. (2006). Resolution on the protection of minorities and anti-discrimination policies in an enlarged Europe. European Parliament.. Narva in figures. (2014). Narva Linna.Nas, C. i. (1998). The Approach of the European Parliament to the Issue of Ethnic Minorities and Minority Rights in Turkey within the Context of the European Minority Rights Sub-Regime. Retrieved 02/19, 2018, from http://aei.pitt.edu/404/1/jmwp18.htm. Official Language Policy Guidelines for 2015–2020. (2014). Riga.俄文書籍Быкова, Е. Ю. (2011). Реформирование системы школьного образования в СССР в 1917–1930 гг.: организационные и идеологические аспекты. Томск: Томский государственный университет Философский факультет Публикации студентов и аспирантов ФсФ.Поляков, Ю. А. (1999). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1939 года: основные итоги : Россия. С. Петербург: БЛИЦ.俄文網站資料Рaспpeдeлeниe нaсeлeния Лaтвийской ССР по нaиболee многочислeнным нaционaльностям и языку. (1989). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г., from http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/census.php?cy=6法律準則文件Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (2000), from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:12012P/TXT&from=ENLanguage Act of Estonia (2011), from https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/506112013016/LR Valsts valodas likums (1999), from https://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=14740Par grozījumiem un papildinājumiem Latvijas Padomju Sociālistiskās Republikas Valodu likumā (1992), from https://m.likumi.lv/doc.php?id=65484Language Act of Estonia (1995), from http://www.english.illinois.edu/-people-/faculty/debaron/584/584reading/estonia lang law.pdf 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
俄羅斯研究所
101263005資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0101263005 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 林永芳 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) 利國楙 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) 利國楙 zh_TW dc.date (日期) 2018 en_US dc.date.accessioned 2-Mar-2018 11:59:22 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 2-Mar-2018 11:59:22 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Mar-2018 11:59:22 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0101263005 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/116134 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 俄羅斯研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 101263005 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 蘇聯解體後，有大量的俄羅斯人生活在前蘇聯加盟共和國內。像是愛沙尼亞與拉脫維亞在獨立過後，有三分之一的人口是俄裔人口。而大多數的俄裔人口都仍偏好使用俄語作為生活用語。此時，便延伸出一個問題，是否應針對這些少數民族俄裔人口之語言權利而增加官方語言。因此，在語言政策方面，便是一個極為關鍵的議題。 本論文將會先從歷史背景，亦即蘇聯時期開始討論。將各階段的語言政策一一分析，接著依序討論愛沙尼亞及拉脫維亞的語言政策之背景以及語言法之分析，最後從中找出結論。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Many Russians lived former Soviet republics after the dissolution of the Soviet Un- ion. Therefore, one third of the population was still Russian after Estonia and Latvia independence. Most of the Russians still prefer to use Russian for daily basis. The lan- guage policy was becoming a crucial topic to discuss whether those countries should add Russian for official language. This policy would strongly relate to the language rights of minority Russians.This paper will discuss the Soviet Union historical background which analyze the lan- guage policies of different period, and then discuss the background of linguistic poli- cies and language law in order in Estonia and Latvia. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 目錄第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究動機及目的 1第二節 研究途徑及方法 4第三節 文獻回顧 10第四節 章節安排 16第二章 蘇聯時期的語言政策 17第一節 1920年至1930年時期 20第二節 1930年至1950年時期 27第三節 1950年至1991年時期 31第四節 小結 36第三章 愛沙尼亞的語言政策 38第一節 愛沙尼亞的語言政策之背景 42第二節 1995年語言法分析 45第三節 2011年語言法分析 50第四節 小結 52第四章 拉脫維亞的語言政策 57第一節 拉脫維亞的語言政策之背景 60第二節 1992年語言法分析 63第三節 1999年語言法分析 66第四節 小結 71第五章 結論 74參考文獻 78附錄一 訪談邀請函（中文） 83附錄二 訪談邀請函（俄文） 84附錄三 訪談大綱（雙語） 85 zh_TW dc.format.extent 6757483 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0101263005 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 蘇聯解體 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 俄裔人口 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 語言政策 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 官方語言 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 愛沙尼亞 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 拉脫維亞 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) The dissolution of the Soviet Union en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Russians en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Estonia en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Latvia en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Language policy en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Official language en_US dc.title (題名) 愛沙尼亞與拉脫維亞語言政策之研究 zh_TW dc.title (題名) A Study on Language Policies in Estonia and Latvia en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文書籍王文科, & 王志泓（2014）。教育研究法。台北：五南圖書出版。王玉民（1994）。社會科學研究方法原理。台北：洪葉文化事業有限公司。施正鋒（2006）。臺灣族群政治與政策。臺中市：新新臺灣文教基金會。葉至誠, & 葉立誠（1998）。研究方法和論文寫作。台北：商鼎文化。中文期刊邱憶惠（1999）。個案研究：質化取向。教育研究， vol 7，頁 113-127。 施正鋒（2017）。歐盟的少數族群權利保障。「張維邦教授八十歲冥誕紀念學術研討會」發表之論文， 台北：台灣師大。 趙竹成（2007）。認同的選擇－以“境外俄羅斯人”為案例的分析。問題與研究， 46（2），頁 53-64。 劉顯忠（2014）。20世紀20~30年代蘇聯“本土化”政策在烏克蘭的實踐。俄羅斯東歐中亞研究， 4，頁 55-62。 中文論文王瑜倩（2014）。波羅的海三國的語言政策及其對境內俄羅斯人認同之影響。未出版之碩士論文，淡江大學歐洲研究所俄羅斯組，淡江大學。林佩璇（2000）。個案研究及其在教育研究上的應用。「質的研究研討會會議」發表之論文， 中正大學。 蕭瓊英（2003）。波羅的海三國中俄羅斯人地位的轉變 : 蘇聯解體前後的比較分析，政治大學俄羅斯研究所，政治大學。英文書籍Arakelyan, L. (2017). Russian Foreign Policy in Eurasia: National Interests and Regional Integration. Oxford: Routledge.Baran, S., & Davis, D. (2011). Mass Communication Theory: Foundations, Ferment, and Future. Boston: Cengage Learning.Bayley, R., Cameron, R., & Lucas, C. (2013). The Oxford Handbook of Sociolinguistics. New York: OUP USA.Berg, E. (2009). Identity and Foreign Policy: Baltic-Russian Relations and European Integration. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing.Brandist, C., & Chown, K. (2011). Politics and the Theory of Language in the USSR 1917-1938: The Birth of Sociological Linguistics. NY: Anthem Press.Daniels, R. V. (1993). A Documentary History of Communism in Russia: From Lenin to Gorbachev. London: UPNE.Feldbrugge, F. (1985). Encyclopedia of Soviet Law. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.Fishman, J. A. (1968). Readings in the Sociology of Language. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.Grenoble, L. A. (2003). Language Policy in the Soviet Union. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Jakobson, V. (2002). Role of the Estonian Russian-language Media in the intergration of the Russian-speaking Minority into Estonia Society. Tampere: University of Tempere.Kaplan, R. B., & Richard B. Baldauf, J. (2008). Language Planning and Policy in Europe - The Baltic States, Ireland and Italy (Vol. 3). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.Kortmann, B., & Auwera, J. v. d. (2011). The Languages and Linguistics of Europe: A Comprehensive Guide. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.Kuurme, T., & Priimägi, S. (2002). Competing for the Future: Education in Contemporary Societies. Tallinn: TPÜ kirjastus.Landau, J. M., & Kellner-Heinkele, B. (2001). Politics of Language in the Ex-Soviet Muslim States: Azerbayjan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan. London: C. Hurst & Co. Publishers.Lewis, E. G. (1972). Multilingualism in the Soviet Union: Aspects of language policy and its implementation. Berlin: Mouton.Lieven, A. (1994). The Baltic Revolution : Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and the Path to Independence. Conn: Yale University Press.March, J. G., & Olsen, J. P. (1989). Rediscovering Institutions. New York: The Free Press.Marsh, D., & Stoker, G. (1995). Theory and Methods in Political Science. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Misiunas, R. J., & Taagepera, R. (1993). The Baltic States, Years of Dependence, 1940-1990. TN: University of California Press.Nørgaard, O. (1999). The Baltic States After Independence. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.Peters, G. (2000). Governance, Politics, and the State. New York: St. Martin`s Press.Plakans, A. (2011). A Concise History of the Baltic States. Cambridge: Cambridge University Pres.Smith, M. G. (1998). Language and Power in the Creation of the USSR, 1917–1953. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Suny, R. G., & Martin, T. G. (2001). A State of Nations: Empire and Nation-Making in the Age of Lenin and Stalin. NY: Oxford University Press.Wardhaugh, R., & Fuller, J. M. (2014). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. NY: John Wiley & Sons.Wolfe, B. (1964). Three Who Made a Revolution. New York: Stein and Day.英文期刊Anderson, B. A., & Silver, B. D. (1984). Equality, Efficiency, and Politics in Soviet Bilingual Education Policy, 1934-1980. The American Political Science Review, 78, pp. 1019-1039. Green, S. B. (1997). Language of Lullabies: The Russification and DeRussification of the Baltic States. Michigan Journal of International Law, 19(219), pp. 220-276. Hegarty, T. J. (2001). The Politics of Language in Moldova. Language, Ethnicity and the State, pp. 123-154. Kochenov, D., Poleshchuk, V., & Dimitrovs, A. (2013). Do Professional Linguistic Requirements Discriminate? A Legal Analysis: Estonia and Latvia in the Spotlight. European Yearbook of Minority Issues, 10, pp. 137-187. Kolstø, P. (1996). The new Russian diaspora - an identity of its own? Possible identity trajectories for Russians in the former Soviet republic. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 19(3), pp. 609-639. Krasner, S. D. (1984). 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The Latvian Language - Struggle for Survival. from http://valoda.ailab.lv/latval/vispareji/veisb.htm英文政府資料與報告Arfé, G. (1981). European Parliament Resolution on a Community charter of regional languages and cultures and on a charter of rights of ethnic minorities. The European Parliament.Arfé, G. (1983). Resolution on measures in favour of minority languages and cultures. The European Parliament.Druviete, I. (2002). Language Policy and Protection of the State Language in Latvia. Riga: Linguapax International.Ebner, M. (2003). Resolution on with recommendations to the Commission on European regional and lesser-used languages – the languages of minorities in the EU – in the context of enlargement and cultural diversity. The European Parliament.Elsuwege, P. V. (2004). Russian-speaking Minorities in Estonia and Latvia: Problems of Integration at the Threshold of the European Union ECMI Working Paper: European Center for Minority Issues.Killilea, M. (1994). 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