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題名 社區發展與自主治理之研究
A study on community development and self-government作者 王嘉明 貢獻者 林元興
王嘉明關鍵詞 社區發展
自主治理
共用資源
社會資本
囚犯困境
共用地的悲劇
Community development
Self-government
Common-pool resources;CPRs
Social capital
Prison’s dilemma
The tragedy of the commons日期 2003 上傳時間 9-Apr-2018 16:01:37 (UTC+8) 摘要 本研究由個人參與社區發展行動的動機與選擇決策作為研究的重心，以理性選擇行為模式為理論基礎，探討社區發展上如何才能克服集體行動的困境，建立永續性的自主治理機制。由於社區事務具有小規模共用資源（Common-Pool Resources；CPRs）的特性，在功能上及產權上無法分割，在使用上無排他性（non- exclusive）但具有某種程度的敵對性（rivalry），過度取用將產生資源耗竭的現象。因此本研究援引共用資源分析方法（Common-Pool Resources Approach）作為分析架構，從個人選擇與互動形式、外部環境與技術的變量以及組織與執行機制三方面，探討社區居民是否形成自主治理的集體行動及其影響變量。 本研究採用多重個案研究的複現方法，選取了三處遭遇特定事件觸發了社群共同議題，而由外力團隊協助建立治理組織之社區，作為實證研究之個案。包括：（1）南投縣中寮鄉的農村社區在歷經九二一大地震後，面對土地資源永續利用與產業轉型的議題；（2）桃園縣龍潭鄉百年大鎮大型住宅社區因社區組織不健全，導致社區環境出現安全問題；（3）台北縣鶯歌鎮陶瓷老街因政策獲選為形象商圈，店家面臨商圈環境管理與商圈行銷議題。
Base on the theory of reasonable choice behavior mode, the study focus on the resident’s individual motive and decision making process trying to identify the solutions of breaking the bottlenecks of collective actions and build up the sustainable self-government mechanism. The community affairs are small scale common-pool resources CPRs) therefore we cannot clearly dive up their ownerships and functions. In the aspects of usage, the community affairs are non-exclusive but kind of rivalry. It will be decreased if being over-deprived. Thus, this study adopted the common-pool resources approach as the analytical structure to explore if the community residents have organized the collective actions of self-government and the influence variables form 3 major aspects of “individual choice vs. interactive form”, “external environment vs. technical variables” and “organization vs. enforcement mechanism ”. The study took 3 occasional events which touched off some common agenda in the community and have the residents established the organizations of governance by the assistance of external teams as the impractical cases. The three cases included: (1)The agenda faced by rural villages on the aspects of land sustainable usage and industrial transformation in Jhingliao Township of Nantou County, (2) The safety problems brought by the poor community organization of the big scale residential community—Netown in Longtan Township of Taoyuan County.(3) The marketing and business district environment management issues brought by being selected as the official model business district in the Yingge Township of Taipei County.參考文獻 （一）中文書目1.王俊秀, 1994,「環境主義是一種生活方式:都市社區環保地盤的建構」，『環境社會學的出發—讓故鄉的風水有面子』, 台北:桂冠。2.何明修，2002，「奧森、涂爾幹與集體行動的邏輯」，『國立政治大學社會報』， 32:115-149。3.毛壽龍主編，2000，『公共事務的治理之道—集體行動制度的演進』， 上海三聯書局（Ostrom E. 1990, Governing the Commons—The evolution of institutions for collective action, Cambridge University Press）4.苗延威譯（Porta D.D. & Diani M.1997），2002，『社會運動概論』，台北：巨流圖書有限公司。5.周憲文譯（Commons J.R.原著），1971，『集體行動經濟學』，台北：中華書局。6.張維迎，1999，『賽局理論與信息經濟學』，台北市：茂昌圖書有限公司。7.湯京平、呂嘉泓，2001，「永續發展與公共行政—從山美與里佳經驗談社區自治與「共享性資源」的管理」，『人文及社會科學集刊』，14(2)：261-278。8.董安琪譯（Olson M. 原著），1984，『集體行動的邏輯』，台北：允晨文化實業股份有限公司。 9.洪鴻智，2000，「公共選擇與環境風險設施管制政策工具的選擇」， 『都市與計劃』，27(1)：47-63。10.傅恆德, 1996, 集體行動的整合理論—理性選擇和心理動機理論, 『東11.藍兆杰、徐偉傑、陳怡君譯（Dixit A.& S.Skeath原著），2002，『策略的賽局』，台北市：弘智文化事業有限公司。12.陶蕃瀛，2000，「打造一個永續的農村社區—921地震後中寮鄉的社區工作經驗」，『中大社會文化學報』，10: 1-15。13.黃麗玲，2000，「從文化認同轉向區域治理—921地震災後重建工作對『社區總體營造』論述的挑戰」，『城市與設計學報』，9/10：147-174。14.尚榮安譯, Robert K.Yin 原著, 2001, 『個案研究（Case Study Research）』，應用性社會科學調查研究方法系列叢書:16，台北：弘智文化事業有限公司。15.陳墀吉，1994，「鶯歌鎮窯業社會空間結構化之研究」，中國文化大學地學研究所博士論文：台北。16.魏郁祥，1999，「新興社區『社區意識』建構之過程：以百年大鎮為例」，台灣大學城鄉研究所碩士論文：台北。（二）英文書目1.Axelrod R.& Dion D. 1988, The Further Evolution of Cooperation, Science, 242: 1385-190.2.Blank H.1997,Cooperative Participants Discriminate（Not Always）: A Logic of Conversation Approach to the Minimal Group Paradigm, Crisp, Vol2, No.5.3.Clapp T. L.& P.B. Meyer, 2000, Managing the Urban Commons: Applying Common Property Framework to Urban Environment Quality, Papper prepared for the 8th IASCP Conference, May 31-June 4,2000.4.Chong D. 1991, Collective Action and the Civil Rights Movement, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.5.Cornes R. and T. Sandler, 1986, The Theory of Externalities, Public Goods, and Club Goods, Cambridge University Press.6.Crrmer D.D.1998, Collective Identity and Cooperative in a Public Goods Dilemma: A Matter of Trust or Self-Efficacy? ,Crisp Vol3, No.1, April 17,1998.7.Marwell G. and P. Oliver, 1993, The Critical Mass in Collective Action：A Micro-Social Theory, Cambridge University Press, New York.8.Hardin R. 1982, Collective Action, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland.9.Olson M.1965, The Logic of Collective Action, Harvard University Press.10.Reisman D. 1990, Theories of Collective Action: Downs, Olson and Hirsch, The Michigan Press LTD.11.Sandler T. 1992, Collective Action：Theory and Application, The University of Michigan Press.12.Taylor M. 1987, The Possibility of Cooperation, Cambridge University Press.13.Meislik I.& A. Mimeles,Meislik & Levavy, Community Association: An Overview, Community Association Law, http://www.meislik.com/latest.htm14.Hall, P.A. & Taylor R.C. 1996, Political Science and the Three New Institutionalism, Political Studies XLIV: 936-957. 15.Shepsle, K.A. 1989, Studying Institutions. Some Lessons from the Rational Choice Approach. Journal of Theoretical Politics 1: 131-49.16.Dunleavy P. 1992, Democracy Bureaucracy and public choice: Economic Explanation in Political Science, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Press.17.Ridley M.1997, The Origins of Virtue, New York: Penguin Books.18.Putnam R., The Prosperous Community-Social Capital and Public Life, TAP:Vol4,Iss.13.19.Axelrod R. 1986, Modeling the Evolution of Norms, Amercian Political Review 80:1095-111.20.Hardin G. 1968, The Tragedy of the Commons, Science 162:1243-8.21.Kiser L.L.& Ostrom E.1982, The Three Worlds of Action: A Metatheoretical Synthesis of Institutional Approach, In Strategies of Political Inquiry, ed.E. Ostrom, PP179-222, Beverly Hills:Sage.22.McCay B. J.& S. Jentoft 1998, Market or Community Failure? Critical Perspectives on Common Property Research, Human Organization 57（1）:21-29.23.Mckean M. & E. Ostrom 1995, Common Property Regimes in the Forest: Just a Relic from the Past? Unasylva 180（46）:3-15. 24.Oakerson R.J. 1990. Analyzing the Commons: A Framework. In Daniel W. Bromley, ed. （1990）Essays on the Commons. Maison: University of Wisconsin Press.25.Ostrom E. 1990, Governing the Commons—The evolution of institutions for collective action, Cambridge University Press.26.Ostrom E. 1999, Self-Governance and Forest Resources, CIFRO Occasional Paper 20.27.Ostrom E.& Gardner R. & Walker J. 1994, Rules, Games and Common-Pool Resources, University of Michigan Press, pp36928.Steins N.A. & Röling N.G. & Edwards V.M. 2000, Re-‘Design’the Principles: An Interactive Perspective to CPR Theory, paper for the 8”conference of the IASCP.29.Ostrom, E.& L. Schroeder & S. Wynne, 1993, Institutional Incentives and Sustainable Development: Infrastructure Policies in Perspective, Boulder, San Francisco and Oxford: Westview Press.30.Hess C. and Ostrom E. 2001, Artifacts, Facilities And Content: Information as a Common-Pool Resource, http://www.indiana.edu/~workshop.31.Hess C. 2000, Is There Anything New Under the Sun?: A Discussion and Survey of Studies on New Commons and the Internet, Presented at “Constituting the Commons”,the eighth biennial conference of the IASCP. May 31~June 4,2000, Bloomington, Indiana.32.Vedeld T.& A. Siddhan, 2002, Livelihoods and Collective Action among Slum Dwellers in a Mega-City（New Delhi）,Presented at “The Commons in the Age if Globalisation”,IASCP conference 2002.33.Ostrom E. 1997, A Behavioral Approach to the Rational-Choice Theory of Collective Action, American Political Review, vol92,1998, 3.34.Kopelman S.& J.M. Weber, D.M. Messick, Commons Dilemma Management: Recent Experimental Results, the 8th Biennial Conference of IASCP, June,2000. 描述 博士
國立政治大學
地政學系
83257502資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0083257502 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 林元興 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) 王嘉明 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) 王嘉明 zh_TW dc.date (日期) 2003 en_US dc.date.accessioned 9-Apr-2018 16:01:37 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 9-Apr-2018 16:01:37 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 9-Apr-2018 16:01:37 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0083257502 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/116787 - dc.description (描述) 博士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 地政學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 83257502 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究由個人參與社區發展行動的動機與選擇決策作為研究的重心，以理性選擇行為模式為理論基礎，探討社區發展上如何才能克服集體行動的困境，建立永續性的自主治理機制。由於社區事務具有小規模共用資源（Common-Pool Resources；CPRs）的特性，在功能上及產權上無法分割，在使用上無排他性（non- exclusive）但具有某種程度的敵對性（rivalry），過度取用將產生資源耗竭的現象。因此本研究援引共用資源分析方法（Common-Pool Resources Approach）作為分析架構，從個人選擇與互動形式、外部環境與技術的變量以及組織與執行機制三方面，探討社區居民是否形成自主治理的集體行動及其影響變量。 本研究採用多重個案研究的複現方法，選取了三處遭遇特定事件觸發了社群共同議題，而由外力團隊協助建立治理組織之社區，作為實證研究之個案。包括：（1）南投縣中寮鄉的農村社區在歷經九二一大地震後，面對土地資源永續利用與產業轉型的議題；（2）桃園縣龍潭鄉百年大鎮大型住宅社區因社區組織不健全，導致社區環境出現安全問題；（3）台北縣鶯歌鎮陶瓷老街因政策獲選為形象商圈，店家面臨商圈環境管理與商圈行銷議題。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Base on the theory of reasonable choice behavior mode, the study focus on the resident’s individual motive and decision making process trying to identify the solutions of breaking the bottlenecks of collective actions and build up the sustainable self-government mechanism. The community affairs are small scale common-pool resources CPRs) therefore we cannot clearly dive up their ownerships and functions. In the aspects of usage, the community affairs are non-exclusive but kind of rivalry. It will be decreased if being over-deprived. Thus, this study adopted the common-pool resources approach as the analytical structure to explore if the community residents have organized the collective actions of self-government and the influence variables form 3 major aspects of “individual choice vs. interactive form”, “external environment vs. technical variables” and “organization vs. enforcement mechanism ”. The study took 3 occasional events which touched off some common agenda in the community and have the residents established the organizations of governance by the assistance of external teams as the impractical cases. The three cases included: (1)The agenda faced by rural villages on the aspects of land sustainable usage and industrial transformation in Jhingliao Township of Nantou County, (2) The safety problems brought by the poor community organization of the big scale residential community—Netown in Longtan Township of Taoyuan County.(3) The marketing and business district environment management issues brought by being selected as the official model business district in the Yingge Township of Taipei County. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究動機 4第二節 研究目的 7第三節 研究主題與名詞定義 8第四節 研究範圍 10第五節 研究內容 11第六節 研究方法與流程 12第二章 理論探討與文獻回顧 17第一節 問題說明 17第二節 文獻回顧 45第三節 相關理論探討 53第三章 研究分析架構 89第一節 研究設計說明 89第二節 分析架構說明 92第四章 農村社區自主治理案例分析與實證 97第一節 中寮鄉環境資源系統與發展背景 97第二節 社區發展課題與治理實況 102第三節 個人選擇與互動形式 109第四節 外部環境變量 115第五節 組織與規則執行機制 126第六節 社區自主治理效果評量 131第五章 住宅社區自主治理案例分析與實證 133第一節 百年大鎮環境資源系統與發展背景 133第二節 個人選擇與互動形式 135第三節 外部環境變量 138第四節 組織與規則執行機制 140第五節 社區自主治理成果評量 143第六章 商圈社區自主治理案例分析與實證 151第一節 鶯歌老街環境資源系統與發展背景 151第二節 社區發展課題與治理實況 154第三節 個人選擇與互動形式 156第四節 外部環境變量 158第五節 組織與規則執行機制 159第六節 商圈自主治理成果評量 160第七章 社區自主治理之制度設計與變遷 161第一節 個人選擇動機與集體行動效果 161第二節 制度的提供、執行與監督 164第三節 自主治理規則的原則評估 172第四節 制度的選擇與變遷分析 175第八章 結論與建議 189第一節 結論 191第二節 建議 202參考文獻 207 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2629035 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0083257502 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 社區發展 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 自主治理 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 共用資源 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 社會資本 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 囚犯困境 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 共用地的悲劇 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Community development en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Self-government en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Common-pool resources;CPRs en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Social capital en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Prison’s dilemma en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) The tragedy of the commons en_US dc.title (題名) 社區發展與自主治理之研究 zh_TW dc.title (題名) A study on community development and self-government en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) （一）中文書目1.王俊秀, 1994,「環境主義是一種生活方式:都市社區環保地盤的建構」，『環境社會學的出發—讓故鄉的風水有面子』, 台北:桂冠。2.何明修，2002，「奧森、涂爾幹與集體行動的邏輯」，『國立政治大學社會報』， 32:115-149。3.毛壽龍主編，2000，『公共事務的治理之道—集體行動制度的演進』， 上海三聯書局（Ostrom E. 1990, Governing the Commons—The evolution of institutions for collective action, Cambridge University Press）4.苗延威譯（Porta D.D. & Diani M.1997），2002，『社會運動概論』，台北：巨流圖書有限公司。5.周憲文譯（Commons J.R.原著），1971，『集體行動經濟學』，台北：中華書局。6.張維迎，1999，『賽局理論與信息經濟學』，台北市：茂昌圖書有限公司。7.湯京平、呂嘉泓，2001，「永續發展與公共行政—從山美與里佳經驗談社區自治與「共享性資源」的管理」，『人文及社會科學集刊』，14(2)：261-278。8.董安琪譯（Olson M. 原著），1984，『集體行動的邏輯』，台北：允晨文化實業股份有限公司。 9.洪鴻智，2000，「公共選擇與環境風險設施管制政策工具的選擇」， 『都市與計劃』，27(1)：47-63。10.傅恆德, 1996, 集體行動的整合理論—理性選擇和心理動機理論, 『東11.藍兆杰、徐偉傑、陳怡君譯（Dixit A.& S.Skeath原著），2002，『策略的賽局』，台北市：弘智文化事業有限公司。12.陶蕃瀛，2000，「打造一個永續的農村社區—921地震後中寮鄉的社區工作經驗」，『中大社會文化學報』，10: 1-15。13.黃麗玲，2000，「從文化認同轉向區域治理—921地震災後重建工作對『社區總體營造』論述的挑戰」，『城市與設計學報』，9/10：147-174。14.尚榮安譯, Robert K.Yin 原著, 2001, 『個案研究（Case Study Research）』，應用性社會科學調查研究方法系列叢書:16，台北：弘智文化事業有限公司。15.陳墀吉，1994，「鶯歌鎮窯業社會空間結構化之研究」，中國文化大學地學研究所博士論文：台北。16.魏郁祥，1999，「新興社區『社區意識』建構之過程：以百年大鎮為例」，台灣大學城鄉研究所碩士論文：台北。（二）英文書目1.Axelrod R.& Dion D. 1988, The Further Evolution of Cooperation, Science, 242: 1385-190.2.Blank H.1997,Cooperative Participants Discriminate（Not Always）: A Logic of Conversation Approach to the Minimal Group Paradigm, Crisp, Vol2, No.5.3.Clapp T. L.& P.B. Meyer, 2000, Managing the Urban Commons: Applying Common Property Framework to Urban Environment Quality, Papper prepared for the 8th IASCP Conference, May 31-June 4,2000.4.Chong D. 1991, Collective Action and the Civil Rights Movement, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.5.Cornes R. and T. Sandler, 1986, The Theory of Externalities, Public Goods, and Club Goods, Cambridge University Press.6.Crrmer D.D.1998, Collective Identity and Cooperative in a Public Goods Dilemma: A Matter of Trust or Self-Efficacy? ,Crisp Vol3, No.1, April 17,1998.7.Marwell G. and P. Oliver, 1993, The Critical Mass in Collective Action：A Micro-Social Theory, Cambridge University Press, New York.8.Hardin R. 1982, Collective Action, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland.9.Olson M.1965, The Logic of Collective Action, Harvard University Press.10.Reisman D. 1990, Theories of Collective Action: Downs, Olson and Hirsch, The Michigan Press LTD.11.Sandler T. 1992, Collective Action：Theory and Application, The University of Michigan Press.12.Taylor M. 1987, The Possibility of Cooperation, Cambridge University Press.13.Meislik I.& A. Mimeles,Meislik & Levavy, Community Association: An Overview, Community Association Law, http://www.meislik.com/latest.htm14.Hall, P.A. & Taylor R.C. 1996, Political Science and the Three New Institutionalism, Political Studies XLIV: 936-957. 15.Shepsle, K.A. 1989, Studying Institutions. Some Lessons from the Rational Choice Approach. 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